Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against an avian group A rotavirus.

Fifteen monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against an avian group A rotavirus were cloned and characterized. Eight of the 15 MAbs had neutralizing activity (N-MAbs). Five of the N-MAbs (1G1, 5B8, 4E2, 3G1, 2E3) were VP4-specific by radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA), and two N-MAbs (2D11, 6E8) were possibly VP7-specific (faint bands by RIPA). One N-MAb (4H12) of undefined protein specificity cross-reacted with serotype 3 simian rotaviruses. The other seven N-MAbs did not cross-react with any of the eight distinct serotypes of human and mammalian rotaviruses tested. Of the seven non-neutralizing MAbs, three were VP6-specific (3H10, 4B12, 5F6), two were VP8-specific (6C9, 1D1), one was VP4-specific (4E9), and one was of undefined protein specificity (1B11). Four non-neutralizing MAbs recognized only avian group A rotavirus in cell-culture immunofluorescence tests (6C9, 1D1, 4E9 and 5F6), whereas two MAbs (3H10 and 4B12) cross-reacted with all human and animal rotaviruses tested. The MAb 1B11 did not recognize any human rotavirus serotypes but cross-reacted with all nonhuman animal rotavirus serotypes. The MAbs produced in this study should be useful for the detection and further characterization of avian group A rotaviruses.     

Development and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against the Snakehead Rhabdovirus

Abstract

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against the snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV) were produced. These MAbs were characterized by immunofluorescence and neutralization tests, and by their ability to immunoprecipitate viral proteins. Of 15 MAbs developed, 9 were isotyped as IgG1 and 6 were IgG2a. Eight of the MAbs recognized the viral glycoprotein in an immuneprecipitation assay. Three of these, designated E1-9A, P10C, and O10F, had neutralizing activity. By immunofluorescence, 12 MAbs showed good binding activity in SHRV-infected epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells. In an indirect fluorescence assay, the MAbs gave varied staining patterns depending upon the viral structural proteins recognized.     

Analysis of properties of monoclonal antibodies to transmissible gastroenteritis virus using TO-163 strain

Nineteen monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), reactive in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus TO-163 were obtained. Of these MAbs, 5 showed neutralizing (NT) activity (x 3,200 to 25,600) against TO-163. One of the MAbs which had NT activity showed hemagglutination inhibition activity (x 5,120) too. 14 hybridomas of polypeptide specificity against TO-163 strain were developed from which 11, 2, and 1 were specific for protein E2, N, and E1, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining patterns in TGE virus-infected cells reacted with MAbs were divided into three groups (types I, II and III). The fluorescence staining of E2 specific MAbs having NT activity were limited to the perinuclear area. All MAbs having NT activity showed the same fluorescence staining pattern.     

抗猪(嗜血)支原体MSG1蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

以原核表达纯化的猪(嗜血)支原体MSG1蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,运用细胞融合技术筛选分泌针对MSG1蛋白抗体的融合细胞。通过间接ELISA方法筛选获得2株能稳定分泌抗体的融合细胞株,分别命名为1A7和3G6,Western blot结果证明这2株细胞分泌的抗体能够与重组MSG1蛋白发生特异性反应。细胞上清和腹水中的ELISA抗体效价分别为1∶4 096、1∶1 024和1∶1 638 400、1∶51 200,其单抗亚类鉴定均属于IgG1,轻链为κ型。抗原识别位点分析结果表明,2株单抗所识别的抗原位点相同。猪(嗜血)支原体MSG1蛋白特异性单克隆抗体的制备成功,为制备免疫诊断试剂盒和致病机制的研究奠定了基础。     

Production of monoclonal antibodies specific to major outer membrane protein of Edwardsiella tarda

Edwardsiella tarda is an important cause for hemorrhagic septicemia in fish and gastro and extra-intestinal infections in humans. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of E. tarda ET-7, isolated from diseased snakehead (Ophiocephalus punctatus). Two stable hybridoma clones, designated as 3F10 and 2C3 MAbs were found to be potentially specific for E. tarda by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These MAbs recognized major immunogenic OMP band at 44kDa in Western blotting. Both MAbs belonged to the IgG1 isotype and recognized different epitopes of OMP as seen by competitive ELISA. These MAbs strongly reacted with all 17 isolates of E. tarda used in our study by indirect ELISA and Western blotting. Interestingly, no reaction was observed with the reference strain of E. tarda (MTCC 2400). The sensitivity of 3F10 MAb to detect whole cells of E. tarda was up to a level of 1x10(4)CFU/ml in indirect ELISA. No cross-reactivity of MAbs were seen with Escherichia coli, Salmonella arizonae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio cholerae, Flavobacterium ferrugineum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These MAbs could be used for specific detection of E. tarda infection in fish by immunoassays.     

犬瘟热病毒单克隆抗体的研制及胶体金试纸条检测方法的建立

本研究利用原核表达、纯化的犬瘟热病毒(Canine distemper virus,CDV)N 蛋白免疫BALB/C小鼠,成功筛选到两株分泌CDV N 蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为D3、D6。2株杂交瘤细胞分泌单克隆抗体敏感性、特异性良好,能识别不同来源的犬瘟热病毒株,单抗亚类均为IgG1。以D3作为金标抗体,D6作为检测抗体,兔抗鼠IgG作为质控线抗体,制备犬瘟热病毒胶体金检测试纸条,检测犬瘟热病毒敏感性为1000TCID50,能有效检测区分犬瘟热病毒、犬细小病毒(Canine parvovirus,CPV)、犬腺病毒2型(Canine adenovirus type 2,CAV2)、狂犬病病毒(Rabies virus,RV)。综上,本研究建立的胶体金试纸条检测方法,灵敏度高、特异性强,适用于犬瘟热病毒临床快速诊断。     

Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to subgroup A avian leukosis virus

Avian leukosis virus subgroup A (ALV‐A) is a retrovirus which infects egg‐type chickens and is the main pathogen of lymphoid leukosis (LL) and myeloid leukosis (ML). In order to greatly enhance the diagnosis and treatment of clinical avian leukemia, two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to ALV‐A were developed by fusion between SP2/0 and spleen cells from mice immunized with expressed ALV‐A env‐gp85 protein. Using immunofluorescence assay (IFA), two MAbs reacted with ALV‐A, but not with subgroups B and J of ALV. Western blot tests showed that molecular weight of ALV‐A envelope glycoprotein recognized by MAbs was about 53 kD. Isotyping test revealed that two MAbs (A5C1 and A4C8) were IgG1 isotypes. These MAbs can be used for diagnosis and epidemiology of ALV‐A.     

猪肺炎支原体P97蛋白单克隆抗体的制备、表位鉴定及其初步应用

为了制备能够用于阻断ELISA检测的猪肺炎支原体（Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,Mhp）单克隆抗体（MAb）,本研究将原核表达的Mhp J株P97蛋白C末端包含R1区的肽段（P97CR1）作为免疫原免疫BALB/C雌鼠,筛选获得一株能稳定分泌抗Mhp P97蛋白MAb的杂交瘤细胞株A3。鉴定结果显示,A3 MAb是IgG1亚类,轻链为κ链。Western blot结果显示A3 MAb能够和原核表达纯化的P97CR1蛋白特异性反应,并且在流式细胞仪分析中能够识别天然的Mhp。通过逐渐截短表达分析该MAb识别的表位序列为LDDNLQ,该抗原表位在Mhp菌株中高度保守。阻断ELISA初步试验结果显示,A3 MAb与蛋白抗原的结合能够被Mhp高免阳性血清阻断。该MAb的制备为进一步建立特异性强、灵敏度高的Mhp阻断ELISA检测方法奠定了基础。     

Evaluation of five commercially available assays and measurement of serum total protein concentration via refractometry for the diagnosis of failure of passive transfer of immunity in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine and compare sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and predictive values of measurement of serum total protein concentration by refractometry as well as 5 commercially available kits for the diagnosis of failure of passive transfer (FPT) of immunity in foals. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 65 foals with various medical problems and 35 clinically normal foals. PROCEDURE: IgG concentration in serum was assessed by use of zinc sulfate turbidity (assay C), glutaraldehyde coagulation (assay D), 2 semiquantitative immunoassays (assays F and G), and a quantitative immunoassay (assay H). Serum total protein concentration was assessed by refractometry. Radial immunodiffusion (assays A and B) was used as the reference method. RESULTS: For detection of IgG < 400 mg/dL, sensitivity of assay H (100%) was not significantly different from that of assays C, E, and G (88.9%). Specificity of assays H (96.0%) and G (95.8%) was significantly higher than that of assays C (79.4%) and E (78.1 %). For detection of IgG < 800 mg/dL, sensitivities of assays H (976%), D (92.9%), C (81.0%), and G (81.0%) were significantly higher than that of assay F (52.4%). Specificity of assays F (100%), G (94.7%), and H (82.8%) was significantly higher than that of assays C (56.9%) and D (58.6%). Serum total protein concentration < or = 4.5 g/dL was suggestive of FPT, whereas values > or = 6.0 g/dL indicated adequate IgG concentrations. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Most assays were adequate as initial screening tests. However, their use as a definitive test would result in unnecessary treatment of foals with adequate IgG concentrations.     

抗蓝舌病病毒VP6和VP7蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为制备针对蓝舌病病毒(BTV)的单克隆抗体(MAb),本研究利用血清型1型BTV(BTV1)免疫BALB/c鼠,将其脾淋巴细胞与SP2/0进行融合,并用BTV1包被ELISA板,通过间接ELISA方法筛选出3株稳定分泌抗BTV1的MAb的杂交瘤细胞株(2B10、3D4和4H8)。利用表达BTV1主要蛋白的真核表达重组质粒转染BHK-21后,对所制备的杂交瘤细胞株上清进行间接免疫荧光(IFA)以及western blot鉴定,结果显示:2B10和4H8与VP7蛋白反应,而3D4与VP6蛋白反应。同时,IFA鉴定结果进一步表明,3株MAb与24个血清型的BTV均可以发生反应。本研究制备的MAb为建立BTV免疫学检测方法和相关病毒蛋白的功能研究奠定了基础。     

Evaluation of two monoclonal antibodies for serotyping Haemophilus paragallinarum

Two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were evaluated for their ability to serotype 108 isolates of Haemophilus paragallinarum. One MAb (E5C12D10) was raised against a Page serovar A strain and the other (F2E6) against a Page serovar C strain. In both dot blot and hemagglutination-inhibition tests, MAb E5C12D10 recognized the type strains of Page serovar A and Kume serovars A-1, A-2, A-3, and A-4. MAb F2E6 recognized the type strains of Page serovar C and Kume serovars C-1, C-2, and C-3. Neither antibody recognized the type strains of Page serovar B or Kume serovars B-1 and C-4. When evaluated with 97 field isolates in a dot blot test, the MAbs serotyped 81 isolates, which was better than agglutinin typing by the Page scheme (69 isolates serotyped). The field isolates that did not react with the MAbs were either Page serovar B/Kume serovar B-1 (three isolates), Page serovar C/Kume serovar C-4 (12 isolates), or nontypable by either the Page or Kume scheme (one isolate).     

鸡传染性贫血病毒VP3蛋白的原核表达及其单克隆抗体的研制

本研究首先利用同源重组一步克隆法将鸡传染性贫血病病毒(CIAV)的VP3基因克隆到pGEX-6P-1原核表达载体上,经IPTG诱导及SDS-PAGE分析成功获得了重组蛋白rGST-VP3的表达.随即以纯化的重组蛋白rGST-VP3免疫Balb/c小鼠,通过脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合以及间接免疫荧光(IFA)筛选,获得2株稳定分泌CIAV-VP3抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为CIAV-VP3-4D7和CIAV-VP3-4G8;亚型鉴定表明,CIAV-VP3-4D7和CIAV-VP3-4G8均为IgG1;效价测定发现,CIAV-VP3-4D7和CIAV-VP3-4G8的腹水间接免疫荧光效价分别为1:102400与1:12800;Western blot进一步证实,CIAV-VP3-4D7和CIAV-VP3-4G8均能识别重组蛋白rGST-VP3.本研究结果为后期研究VP3蛋白在CIAV致病中作用及其诱导凋亡分子机制奠定了坚实的物质基础.     

Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to subgroup J avian leukosis virus.

In an attempt to develop a specific diagnostic test for avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroup J (ALV-J) strain Hc1, four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), JE9, G2, 145, and J47, were generated that are specific for ALV-J envelope glycoprotein, gp85. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify genomic pro-viral DNA of Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory (ADOL)-Hc1 and ADOL-4817 envelope genes. Both open reading frames encoding glycoproteins gp85 and gp37 were cloned into baculoviruses. Abundant expression of gp85 and gp37 was detected in the recombinant viruses with specific antibody to Hc1 strain of the ALV-J. The expressed proteins were used for immunization of mice to produce hybridoma cell lines secreting MAbs specific to ALV-J envelope protein. A panel of MAbs was generated by fusing NS1 myeloma cells and spleen cells from mice immunized with the recombinant baculoviruses. With the use of an immunofluorescence assay, three MAbs (JE9, G2, 145) reacted with ALV-J but not with subgroups A, B, C, D, or E of ALV. MAb J47 reacted with all exogenous subgroups of ALV including A, B, C, D, and J but not with endogenous subgroup E viruses. Western blot analysis was performed with all four MAbs against recombinant baculovirus and Hc1-infected chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) lysates. A major band with a molecular weight about 90 kD corresponding to the size of ALV-J envelope was consistently obtained. With these MAbs, we detected the Hc1 antigen in CEFs infected with several ALV-J viruses isolated in the United States and also in tissue sections from chickens infected with Hc1 strain of ALV-J. These MAbs will be useful reagents for the diagnosis of ALV-J infection because they recognize a common antigenic epitope in six isolates tested thus far.     

抗鹅星状病毒Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

自2016年以来,鹅星状病毒(GoAstV)已成为当前危害鹅养殖业生产的重要病原体之一,雏鹅均易感,主要引起9～19日龄雏鹅死亡,以雏鹅腿关节肿胀及肾脏尿酸盐沉积导致肾炎为主要病征.建立相应的病原学与血清学检测方法对于防控该病至关重要.为建立基于病毒Cap蛋白的诊断技术,本研究构建了鹅星状病毒去核定位信号肽的Cap基因...     

Generation of monoclonal antibodies to porcine interleukin 6 (PIL-6) using the recombinant PIL-6 expressed in Escherichia coli

Porcine interleukin-6 (PIL-6) protein without signal peptide was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The fusion protein was expressed in an insoluble fraction, however, it was solubilized by refolding procedure using urea. From the solubilized protein, the recombinant PIL-6 (rPIL-6) was purified by a batch method using glutathione sepharose 4B and PreScission protease cleavage. By the B3B1 hybridoma cell proliferation assay, biological activity of the purified rPIL-6 was confirmed. Three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) named 2B-1, 5A-8 and 4C-3 were generated by using the rPIL-6 as an immunogen. Immunoglobulin isotypes of the MAbs were IgG2a (4C-3) and IgG2b (2B-1 and 5A-8). For the epitope analysis, additive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot analysis using deletion mutants of PIL-6 were performed. These experiments revealed that the two MAbs (2B-1 and 5A-8) recognize an overlapped epitope and the other (4C-3) recognizes a distinct epitope, and all epitopes reside in the region of aa26-64 of PIL-6.     

H3N8亚型马流感病毒单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

以灭活马流感病毒(EIV)A/Equine/Jilin/1/1989(H3N8)为免疫原,免疫Balb/c小鼠,经常规细胞融合后,用血凝抑制试验(H1)和间接ELISA方法筛选获得3株(3C2、5G10和5A10)能稳定分泌H3N8亚型马流感病毒单克隆抗体(mAb)的杂交瘤细胞株.其中3C2和5G10为IgG2α,5A...     

抗丝状支原体丝状亚种单克隆抗体的制备及初步应用

旨在制备抗丝状支原体丝状亚种(Mmm)的特异性单克隆抗体(MAb),为牛传染性胸膜肺炎(CBPP)病原诊断的免疫学方法提供特异性抗体。本研究利用生物信息学技术分析了Mmm国内分离株Ben-1不同传代株的全基因组序列,选取M0071蛋白作为研究对象。将原核表达的可溶性重组蛋白M0071(rM0071)作为免疫原免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过有限稀释法和间接ELISA方法筛选得到能稳定分泌抗rM0071蛋白的单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。进一步制备单抗腹水并纯化,利用Western blot方法对该单抗进行特异性鉴定,同时测定其抗体效价和抗体亚类。随后利用间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)评价该单抗对细胞感染Mmm的检测能力。结果表明成功获得1株单克隆细胞株3C4A1,将其分泌抗体命名为MAb 3C4A1。特异性结果表明,MAb 3C4A1能与Mmm的分离株和标准株发生特异性反应,而不与山羊支原体山羊肺炎亚种、丝状支原体山羊亚种、牛鼻支原体、无乳支原体、牛支原体、leachii支原体和牛A型巴氏杆菌等发生反应。抗体亚类鉴定MAb 3C4A1属于IgG1亚类、轻链为κ链。经间接ELISA测定其抗体效价为1∶256 000。IFA试验结果表明,MAb 3C4A1仅与感染EBL细胞的Mmm发生绿色荧光反应,而与牛鼻支原体、无乳支原体、牛支原体感染的细胞不发生荧光反应,特异性良好。本研究制备的MAb 3C4A1具有良好的特异性和免疫反应性,可作为CBPP病原免疫学诊断的工具,为进一步研制CBPP病原鉴别诊断试剂盒提供了基础材料。     

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against porcine interleukin-4

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is an important regulatory cytokine produced by activated T lymphocytes and mast cells, and regulates the growth and differentiation of cells such as B and T lymphocytes. In the present study, recombinant thioredoxin (Trx)-porcine IL-4 (pIL-4) fusion protein was prepared by Escherichia coli (E. coli), and by using this protein as an immunogen, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against pIL-4 were produced to establish a basis for a research on immune responses in pigs. Six stable hybridoma cell lines were successfully established and specific binding of each mAb to recombinant pIL-4 produced by E. coli and insect cells infected with recombinant baculovirus was shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and/or immunoblot analysis. Isotype analyses of these mAbs revealed that the subclass of 5 out of 6 mAbs was IgG1 and the rest was IgG2b. Further, assessment of their epitopes by competition binding assay indicated that the mAbs obtained in this study bound to 4 different epitopes. The recombinant proteins and mAbs produced in this study will be useful tools for the assessment of porcine immune system.     

Evaluation of a panel of monoclonal antibodies in the subtyping of Haemophilus paragallinarum.

A panel of four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was evaluated, using a hemagglutination-inhibition test, for its ability to subtype 76 isolates of Haemophilus paragallinarum. The results of the MAb reactions were compared with the results of both the Page and Kume serotyping schemes (the serovars of the Page scheme correspond to the serogroups of the Kume scheme). One MAb (E5C12D10) was raised against a Page serovar A strain and the remaining MAbs (F2E6, D6D8D5, and B3E6F9) against a Page serovar C strain. Six different reaction patterns were found among the 76 isolates of H. paragallinarum. There was total correlation between the MAb reaction pattern and the Page scheme, and thus the Kume scheme, to the serogroup level. All 19 Page serovar A (= Kume serogroup A) strains reacted only with MAb E5C12D10, whereas all five Page serovar B (= Kume serogroup B) strains failed to react with any of the MAbs. All 52 remaining strains were Page serovar C (= Kume serogroup C), and all failed to react with MAb E5C12D10 but showed varying reaction patterns with the three other MAbs. Although the MAbs recognized four subdivisions within Kume serogroup C, these subdivisions differed from the four Kume C serovars. This panel of MAbs can be used to assign isolates of H. paragallinarum to either Page serovars or Kume serogroups. Although the subdivisions recognized by the MAbs within the Page serovar C strains do not correspond to the Kume serovars, they may be useful in epidemiological applications.     

B亚型禽偏肺病毒的分离鉴定及致病性研究

旨在确定我国部分养鸡场的鸡出现甩头、精神萎靡和肿头综合征是否由禽偏肺病毒（aMPV）引起,本研究从山东、福建、黑龙江等地的发病蛋鸡和肉鸡场采集鼻甲骨、气管和肺等样品,首先利用aMPV特异性的RT-PCR方法对临床样品进行初步检测,将RT-PCR检测阳性样品接种Vero细胞进行病毒分离,然后利用G/F基因序列分析及间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）等鉴定病毒的亚型,最后将分离株感染SPF鸡进行致病性分析。结果显示：在采集的220份样品中,RT-PCR检测结果显示,有3份鼻甲骨样品在228 bp左右出现特异性条带,将阳性病料接种Vero细胞盲传5代后,细胞出现变圆、聚集和融合等aMPV特征性细胞病变（CPE）,表明成功分离到3株aMPV,将其分别命名为SD2001、SD2002和HLJ2101。G和F基因同源性分析显示,来自蛋鸡的SD2001、SD2002和来自肉鸡的HLJ2101分离株的G和F基因与其他B亚型aMPV毒株的核苷酸和氨基酸序列相似性均较高,核苷酸的相似性分别为93.4%～98.6%和95.6%～100.0%,氨基酸的相似性分别为88.7%～97.8%和97.6%～100.0%;而与A、C和D亚型的G和F基因同源性较低,核苷酸的相似性分别为27.1%～61.8%和66.8%～74.8%,氨基酸的相似性分别为16.1%～36.7%和72.5%～86.5%,这些结果表明,SD2001、SD2002和HLJ2101分离株属于B亚型aMPV。进一步利用B亚型aMPV特异性的阳性血清进行IFA检测,接种SD2001、SD2002和HLJ2101的Vero细胞均可以观察到特异性的绿色荧光信号,进一步证实3个分离株属于B亚型aMPV。选择SD2001感染3周龄SPF鸡进行了致病性研究,结果发现SPF鸡感染后3～6 d出现精神萎靡、甩头和流鼻涕等症状,鼻甲骨、气管和肺也出现病理性损伤,其发病率为90%（18/20）。3株B亚型aMPV的分离不仅有助于明确我国部分养鸡场出现肿头综合征的发病原因,同时也证实B亚型aMPV流行毒株对鸡有明显的致病性,这些结果为我国家禽疫病的诊断和有效防控提供了重要理论依据。