栗山天牛生物学特性及防治技术研究

栗山天牛是柞树的重要蛀干害虫，近年在辽宁省发生面积已达６～７万ｈｍ＾２。受害后的柞树材积生长及材质下降，甚至造成树木枯死。为有效控制栗山天牛危害，１９９５～１９９９年，进行生物学特性及防治技术的研究，结果查清了栗山天牛的生活史，掌握了栗山天牛的生物学特性。防治试验证明，采用卫生伐、人工捕捉、利用天敌及熏蒸剂，都能经济有效地防治栗山天牛。     

吉林省栗山天牛专项调查技术报告

栗山天牛专项调查结果表明,栗山天牛是我省目前发生面积最大、危害最重、造成经济和生态损失最大的林业有害生物。通过专项调查,全面掌握了栗山天牛在吉林省的分布面积、发生面积和成灾面积,并将栗山天牛的分布、发生与成灾面积落实到了具体林班和小班。为进一步监测栗山天牛的发生、发展趋势与危害情况提供了基础数据,为制定栗山天牛防治对策提供了科学依据。     

试析栗山天牛的识别与防治策略

指出了栗山天牛作为一种常见的林业害虫,在我国大部分省市地区均有分布,做好栗山天牛的识别和防治迫在眉睫。从栗山天牛的危害出发,对其识别特征进行了分析,并提出了相应的防治策略,以期能够为栗山天牛的防治提供一些参考和借鉴。     

辽宁省栗山天牛综合防治对策

栗山天牛(Massicus raddei)是一种钻蛀性害虫，主要危害栎属、栗属、桑属、玄参科、泡桐属等，在辽宁省主要危害蒙古栎、辽东栎。栗山天牛于1992年在辽宁省首次发现，目前发生面积已达12万hm^2，发生区主要分布在抚顺、丹东、本溪、锦州、阜新、葫芦岛等地区。为有效地控制栗山天牛的危害，辽宁省经过多年的防治实践，探索出适合辽宁地区的综合防治技术，并有效地控制了栗山天牛的危害。     

栗山天牛在东辽县的危害规律及防治建议

通过对栗山天牛卵期、幼虫期、蛹期的观测详述了栗山天牛在东辽县的发生规律,从生物防治、检疫控制等方面探讨了粟山天牛的防治对策,对防治栗山天牛有一定的借鉴作用.     

栗山天牛在辽宁省发生危害的规律及防治对策

栗山天牛是柞树林的毁灭性蛀干害虫,其危害不仅影响林木生长,破坏森林资源,而且还严重影响了森林生态效益的发挥。但由于近年来栗山天牛在防治上被忽视,加之气候干旱和立地条件瘠薄的林分抗虫能力低下的因素,使得栗山天牛呈现逐年加重趋势,局部地区已经成灾。栗山天牛的持续危害已成为制约辽宁省生态林业建设的重要因素。针对栗山天牛在辽宁省的危害规律和危害原因进行了分析,从营林措施、生物防治、化学防治及检疫控制等方面阐述了栗山天牛的防治对策。通过对策在实践中的实施,有效的控制了栗山天牛的危害,对保护柞树资源,促进林业发展发挥了巨大作用。     

栗山天牛对柞树危害的调查

栗山天牛对柞树危害的调查１９９２年以来，宽甸县的柞树天然次生林受到栗山天牛ＭａｌａｍｂｙｘｒａｄｄｅｉＢｌｅｓｓｉｇ的危害，面积达４０．２５万亩。栗山天牛以幼虫危害柞树主干，危害期长，外表仅能见到成虫羽化孔和虫粪，１９９５年我们在古楼子、虎山乡林场对...     

管氏肿腿蜂人工繁殖及在防治栗山天牛中的应用

利用天敌昆虫防治森林害虫是一种安全、有效的防治方法。文中论述了管氏肿腿蜂的繁殖技术以及在防治栗山天牛中的试验效果，研究表明，管氏肿腿蜂对栗山天牛幼虫有较高的寄生率，平均寄生率达36．6％。管氏肿腿蜂对不同径级柞树中的栗山天牛均有寄生，径级26cm以上者寄生率较高，达38．1％。     

威雷微胶囊水悬剂喷干法防治栗山天牛试验初报

针对栗山天牛幼虫在干材里危害、隐藏性强、一般药物很难触及、防治非常困难等特点，在栗山天牛成虫羽化期，用触杀式威雷微胶囊水悬剂喷干灭虫，收到了明显的防治效果。     

对林木害虫——栗山天牛突发的报道

通过现场调查,分析了栗山天牛的习性,提出对害虫应及时组织布控,可有效地防治栗山天牛的发生和蔓延。     

德昌松毛虫发生期与发生量的预测预报

绘制了德昌松毛虫化蛹及成虫羽化发育进度“S”形曲线,计算出了各虫态的平均发育历期和各主要虫态间的期距,标准差及有效虫口基数法的基本参数,提出了发生期和发生量的预测预报模型。     

柳毒蛾发生期预测预报的初步研究

根据调查,制定了柳毒蛾的历期预测法和有效积温预测法,为准确预报柳毒蛾各虫期出现时间提出了科学的方法,并为选择最佳防治时机提供了依据。     

榆童锤角叶蜂有效积温测定及应用

在自然变温条件下测定了榆童锤角叶蜂蛹、成虫、卵和幼虫和发育速率、各发育阶段的发育起点温度和有效积温分别建立了蛹、成虫、卵和幼虫的发育进程模型，该模型可用于发生期的预测预报。     

韩城市苹果树主要病虫害变化动态分析

根据韩城市果业发展三个阶段的病虫害发生危害情况得出韩城市苹果主要病虫害的动态变化：主要病害由苹果腐烂病（Valsa mali Miyabeet Yamada）为主逐步演变为以苹果黑红点病[Mycosphae-rella pomi（Pass.）Waltonet Orton]和早期落叶病[Marssonina mali（P. Henn）Ito]为主;主要虫害由桃小食心虫（Carposina niponensis Walsingham）为主逐步演变为以叶螨（Tetranychus viennensis Zacher）和球坚蚧（Didesmococcus koreanus Borchs）为主。     

Correlation between acoustic emission, water status and xylem embolism in pine wilt disease

The occurrence of cavitation events and embolism during the latent, early stage and the late developmental stages of pine wilt disease was monitored nondestructively by acoustic emission (AE) and high-resolution magnetic resonance microscopy, respectively, and the results were compared with changes in leaf water potential and stem thickness. In the latent stage of the disease, when no embolisms were observed, cavitation events were detected by AE during the daytime in water-stressed Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) seedlings, indicating that cavitation occurred at the individual tracheid level. In the early stage of the disease, an increase in the frequency of AE events occurred coincidentally with the occurrence of patchy embolisms at the mass tracheid level. The threshold water potential for such mass cavitation was higher than that causing cavitation of individual tracheids during the latent stage of the disease. In the advanced stage of the disease, explosive AE events were observed coincidentally with drastic enlargement of embolized areas and decreases in water potential. The AE events in the latent stage occurred only during the daytime, whereas, in the early and advanced stages of the disease, they also occurred at night. The explosive occurrence of cavitation in the advanced stage was thought to be a case of "runaway embolism."     

槐豆木虱预测预报及综合防治技术

槐豆木虱,是近年来临夏地区在国槐上严重发生的害虫之一。运用越冬成虫发生预测、历期法、物候法、有效基数预测法,预测预报下一虫态的发生期和虫口数量,提出了加强树体管理、调整树种结构、生物药剂防治、物理防治及保护和利用国槐上捕食性天敌的自然控制作用相结合的多种防治措施,为更好地开展槐豆木虱防治工作提供了重要依据。     

我国西北地区森林生物灾害发生特点及可持续控制策略

在分析了1991～2000年西北地区森林病虫害发生情况数据的基础上,论述了该地区森林生物灾害的发生特点。根据多方面分析,认为在今后数年内,该地区的森林生物灾害仍然十分严重。文中提出了防御对策:(1)加强宣传,提高全民减灾意识;(2)将自然、环境和社会因素纳入可持续控制灾害的策略中去;(3)做好预测预报;(4)把减灾工作贯穿到生产各个环节中去;(5)认真贯彻“预防为主,综合治理”的防治方针;(6)严格检疫制度。     

锈色粒肩天牛生物学观察

锈色粒肩天牛Apriona swainsoni(Hope)对我国的重要绿化树种国槐构成很大的威胁。作者通过室内饲养及野外调查，总结分析了锈色粒肩天牛的各虫态历期、生活习性和发生规律。该虫雌雄成虫羽化时间不一，不同个体交尾的时间、次数及交尾持续时间也不尽相同；卵的孵化高峰在7月下旬-8月上旬；幼虫蛀食有一定的规律性；蛹期大约在5月上旬-6月下旬。     

钝鞘中脉叶蜂的预测方法

通过调查钝鞘中脉叶蜂Mesoneura truncatatheca的发育进度与指示植物物候的对应关系、种群不同虫态的消长变化规律、幼虫的危害状与幼虫龄期的关系、幼虫不同龄期时锐齿栎Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata单叶面积和幼虫食叶量,归纳了钝鞘中脉叶蜂卵、幼虫不同发育阶段的形态特征,幼虫不...     

Site preference and occurrence patterns of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Picea jezoensis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Abies sachalinensis</Emphasis> on decayed logs in natural coniferous forests in Hokkaido,northern Japan

The objectives of this study were to investigate differences in the site preferences of seedlings of Picea jezoensis and Abies sachalinensis on decayed logs, and to examine the occurrence patterns of seedlings and saplings of the two species and whether they occur together or separately on logs. We characterized the habitats of 1–2-year-old seedlings of the two species on logs and examined the relationship of the two species on logs by growth stages in two plots. One plot had been disturbed about 50 years ago whereas the other had not for a long time. Although the thickness of moss and the litter layer in the habitats of 1–2-year-old seedlings were significantly different between the two species, the two species could occur together. In one study plot, seedlings and saplings of the two species occurred together. The initial occurrence pattern of the seedlings affected the occurrence patterns of the saplings on logs. The occurrence patterns of the seedlings and saplings of the two species on logs seemed to be affected by the abundance of seed trees. In the other study plot saplings of the two species occurred separately, but one species was not always competitively superior to the other species. Disturbance history affected the occurrence patterns of the saplings of the two species on decayed logs at the two study plots. Consequently, it is concluded that seed dispersal and the abundance of available logs, which are usually affected by disturbance, are significant factors in the natural regeneration of conifers in Hokkaido.