嗜水气单胞菌分离株ERIC-PCR及RAPD分型比较

采用ERIC-PCR和RAPD 2种方法对嗜水气单胞菌2009年分离菌株及实验室保存菌株共83株进行分子分型。参考相关文献设计并合成引物,分别进行PCR扩增及琼脂糖凝胶电泳,电泳结果经Quantity One软件数值化后利用SPSS软件进行聚类分析。结果显示,除少数分离株外,使用2种方法对大多数菌株分型,均能得到多态性较好的指纹图谱。RAPD的AP12H引物能扩增出1～12个200～4 500bp之间的条带,可将嗜水气单胞菌分离株分为4群、12类。ERIC-PCR能扩增出4～16个100～5 800bp之间的条带,将嗜水气单胞菌分离株分为4群、17类,同一年代、同一地域分离株分别有聚成一类的趋势。2种分型方法均体现很好的分型能力。但ERIC-PCR分型与RAPD分型相比,重复性和稳定性更好,分辨力更高,且具备RAPD不要求模板序列已知而直接进行扩增的优点,更适合嗜水气单胞菌的分型研究。     

应用随机扩增多态性进行山羊致病性大肠杆菌的分子多态性分析

为了解山羊致病性大肠杆菌广西分离株的分子多态性,应用随机扩增多态性方法(RAPD)对山羊致病性大肠杆菌进行分型研究.从8条随机引物中筛选出4条能在10株大肠杆菌中具有较好多态性扩增的随机引物,4条随机引物共扩增出18条DNA片段,10个菌株无共有带谱,显示出良好的扩增多态性.菌株Nx31与Nx32曾被认为是同一菌株的两次分离,但是在RAPD分析中,两株细菌的带谱存在明显的差别,表明RAPD比传统的血清学分型具有更高的分辨性.     

嗜水气单胞菌的随机扩增多态DNA分型

用 4 5条随机引物对不同来源的 9株嗜水气单胞菌进行了 DNA指纹分析 ,其中 10条引物呈现良好的多态性和稳定性。建立的随机扩增多态 DNA(RAPD)反应的最佳条件 :模板 DNA 2 0 ng,随机引物 0 .8μm ol/ L ,d NTP 15 0μmol/ L,Mg2 3.5 mm ol/ L,Taq酶 2 .0 U;95℃预变性 5 min,94℃变性 6 0 s,36℃退火 70 s,72℃延伸 12 0 s,4 0个循环。初步建立了嗜水气单胞菌的 RAPD指纹图谱 ,分析了 9株嗜水气单胞菌之间的遗传距离。据此将 9株菌归为 3个组 ,为该菌的分型提供了新的方法。     

猪链球菌河南分离株的生化分群与随机扩增DNA(RAPD)分型

从河南省11个猪场的送检病料中分离纯化到11株链球菌,将其进行了系统的生化分群,并应用16条随机引物做随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分型。结果表明,11株猪链球菌分别属于C群(3/11)、D群(2/11)、E群(4/11)和L群(1/11),其中1株未定。在RAPD研究中,有3条引物呈现良好的多态性和稳定性,可产生稳定、复杂的指纹图谱;采用SPSSl0.0软件分析了不同菌株间的遗传距离,绘制出菌株间的亲缘关系树状图。依据遗传距离,分离的11株猪链球菌可被分为4个聚类群。     

利用随机扩增多态性DNA指纹技术对猪链球菌进行基因分型

通过优化反应条件和筛选随机引物，应用100条随机引物对分离的20株猪链球菌做随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）分型研究。结果表明，有27条引物呈现良好的多态性和稳定性，可产生稳定，复杂的指纹图谱。采用SPSS10.0软件分析了不同菌株之间的遗传距离，绘制出了菌株间的亲缘关系树状图，结果，20株猪链球菌被分为4个聚类群。     

白三叶RAPD分析条件优化

对白三叶RAPD反应体系中的模板DNA用量、随机引物浓度、dNTP浓度、TaqDNA聚合酶浓度、Mg²⁺浓度分别进行了梯度试验。结果表明,在总体积25μL体系中,模板DNA20ng、引物9.9ng、dNTP浓度0.4mmol/L、T aqDNA聚合酶3U、Mg²⁺浓度1mmol/L的反应体系可得到稳定清晰的RAPD扩增图谱,该体系可用于白三叶遗传多样性分析。     

虉草ISSR-PCR反应体系优化与引物筛选

22个虉草基因组DNA为ISSR-PCR扩增模板,采用单因素试验方法,对影响PCR扩增体系中dNTP、引物浓度、Taq酶和模板DNA用量4个因素及引物退火温度进行梯度试验,优化得到最佳的ISSR-PCR反应体系,即20μL反应体系中分别加入0.3μL Taq DNA聚合酶(5U/μL),2μL 10×PCR Buffer(mg2+plus),1.5μL dNTP(2.5mmol/L),1.5μL引物(10pmol/μL),50ng模板DNA,ddH2O补足体积。以此体系对24条引物进行筛选,最终获得了多态性高,重复性好的引物12条。引物UBC808、809、811、815、818、820、826的适宜退火温度为55℃,引物835,841和842的适宜退火温度为56℃,而引物810和834的适且退火温度分别为52℃和54℃。12条引物共扩增总条带数192条,其中,多态性条带数173条,多态位点百分率89.81%。     

鸡杆菌中国分离株RAPD分型方法的建立与应用

对9株鸡杆菌进行了血清分型,并应用8条随机引物对该9株鸡杆菌和3个参考菌株(1株巴氏杆菌、1株大肠杆菌和1株链球菌)共12株细菌做随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分型研究。结果显示,9株鸡杆菌分别属于血清Ⅰ型(1/9)、血清Ⅱ型(3/9)和血清Ⅳ型(5/9)。所用8条随机引物中有3条呈现良好的多态性和稳定性,可产生差异显著的指纹图谱。采用SPSS13.0软件分析了不同菌株间的遗传距离,并依此绘制出菌株间的亲缘关系树状图。12株细菌共分为4个聚类群,其中9株鸡杆菌位于同一聚类群中,且又可分为4个聚类亚群。3个参考菌株各自形成一个独立的聚类群。不同血清型的鸡杆菌菌株具有相似的指纹图,同一血清型的菌株指纹图存在差异。结果表明,RAPD基因分型是目前鸡杆菌分子流行病学调查及病原分离鉴定比较理想的方法之一。     

家蚕微孢子虫的RAPD指纹图谱研究

用70个随机引物对家蚕寄生性微孢子虫的分子标记进行了RAPD扩增。结果:60％的引物产生了扩增多态性;随机引物OPG-11及OPH-08等可区分微孢子虫Nosema bombycis广州株及浙江株,Nosema sp.MG1和MG2、NI,柞Nb。结果表明:RAPD技术可作为区分微孢子虫种、亚种的一种手段。     

鸭沙门菌的随机扩增多态性DNA分析

以5株同一血清型的鸭沙门茵为研究对象，分别提取基因组DNA后，用20条随机引物对其进行RAPD分析。结果，20条随机引物中不能扩出任何条带的引物有2条，能扩出条带但扩增图谱中没有特异性条带出现的引物有10条，能扩出条带且扩增图谱具有多态性的引物有8条。对筛选到的具有多态性的8条引物进行分析，共扩增出46个DNA片段，片段大小为0．2～3．2kb，其中5个菌株共有的片段有13条，显示多态性的片段有33条。     

不同型魏氏梭菌菌体蛋白和膜蛋白SDS-PAGE电泳图谱分析

运用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ技术分别对Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ四个型魏氏梭菌的菌体蛋白和细菌膜蛋白进行分析。结果在菌体蛋白图谱中Ａ型缺少５４．９ＫＤ蛋白条带，Ｃ型缺少１０７．８ＫＤ和３６．１ＫＤ蛋白条带，Ｄ型缺少１０７．８ＫＤ和６６．６ＫＤ蛋白条带。在膜蛋白图谱中仅Ｂ型有９４．７ＫＤ蛋白条带但缺少５１ＫＤ蛋白条带，Ｃ型缺少７４．２ＫＤ蛋白条带，Ｄ型缺少３１ＫＤ蛋白条带，但比其它３个型多１个２４．３ＫＤ蛋白条带，且３     

Distribution and hybridization patterns of the insertion element IS900 in clinical isolates of mycobacterium paratuberculosis

Reference strains and 31 clinical isolates of M. paratuberculosis, mainly from goats, were analysed for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Restriction digests of bacterial DNA were hybridized with a repetitive insertion sequence, IS900, to obtain banding patterns for comparison of strains. Twenty-five of the 31 field-strains hybridized with IS900, and five hybridization patterns were identified. It was not possible to identify specific patterns for goat strains of M. paratuberculosis. Four hybridization patterns were similar, whereas the fifth pattern of a sheep strain diverged considerably in position and number of band. Six goat strains failed to hybridize with IS900, and the absence of IS900 was verified by the polymerase chain reaction and hybridization with an oligonucleotide probe. The six IS900-negative goat strains had diverging phenotypic properties, and the identification of these strains is discussed. The present study shows that M. paratuberculosis strains infecting goats are genetically similar to cattle strains and that IS900 is a specific genetic element for identification of M. paratuberculosis.     

Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis in Japan

Fifty-three strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cows affected with mastitis from 21 prefectures in Japan were characterized by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Thirty-three (62.3%) strains showed biotype K-beta+CV:A, coagulase type VI, and sensitivity to bovine phages of group III or IV. These 33 strains could be subdivided into two groups on the basis of the production of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and on toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). By pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, the 16 SEC- and TSST-1-producing strains showed similar patterns that differed by only a few fragments, suggesting that they were genetically closely related. Fifteen of 17 non SEC-producing strains which did not produce any other SEs and TSST-1 were genetically different from the SEC-producing strains and showed genetic diversity.     

PCR detection and PFGE genotype analyses of streptococcal clinical isolates from tilapia in China

Large-scale streptococcal outbreaks occurred continuously in tilapia farms of China from 2009 to 2011. The objective of this study was to characterize the prevalent strains of tilapia streptococci from the main cultured areas of China through species specific PCR and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A total of 105 prevalent strains were isolated from Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Fujian provinces between 2006 and 2011, 85 of which were identified as Streptococcus agalactiae while the rest were all identified as Streptococcus iniae. The prevalent stains in 2006 and 2007 were S. iniae (94.7%, 18/19), with S. agalactiae account for only 5.3% (1/19); The prevalent strains in 2009 and 2011 however changed to S. agalactiae (97.7%, 84/86), with only 2.3% (2/86) was S. iniae. Of these 105 strains, a total of 13 PFGE types (A-M) were characterized, among which D, F, G and K genotypes were predominant, accounting for 81.90% (86/105). The cluster analysis of PFGE electropherograms separated S. iniae and S. agalactiae to two distinctive branches, 20 strains of S. iniae exhibiting 3 types of PFGE band patterns with a similarity of 94.8-100%, and the 85 strains of S. agalactiae producing 10 types of PFGE band patterns with a similarity between 48.4% and 100%. Data suggested that the prevalent strains of tilapia streptococci in China have shifted from the former (before 2008) dominant strains of S. iniae to the current (2009-2011) dominant strains of S. agalactiae. Moreover, PFGE genotypes of the prevalent strains demonstrated geographic differences and temporal changes.     

2009～2010年华南地区副猪嗜血杆菌分离株ERIC-PCR指纹图谱的鉴定和分析

本试验采用肠杆菌基因间重复一致序列多态性聚合酶链式反应(ERIC-PCR)对2009~2010年分离自华南地区的41株副猪嗜血杆菌野生菌株及15株参考菌株进行了指纹图谱的鉴定。利用BioNumerics 5.1软件对所有菌株的ERIC-PCR指纹图谱进行分析,结果显示,15株具有不同血清型的参考菌株均具有不同的指纹图谱;41株华南地区副猪嗜血杆菌野生分离株则具有26个不同的指纹图谱,该方法对所有56株副猪嗜血杆菌的鉴别率为0.984。由此可见,ERIC-PCR分型方法具有较好种间的鉴别能力,可作为副猪嗜血杆菌病流行病学研究中的一种有效的辅助分子手段。     

大雁、斑头雁和天鹅源沙门氏菌血清及脉冲场凝胶电泳分型研究

为了解大雁、斑头雁及天鹅源沙门氏菌流行特征和脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分型,本研究对33株沙门氏菌进行血清型鉴定,采用PFGE对其进行基因分型,并用BioNumerics 6.6软件进行聚类分析。鉴定出丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌6株、汤卜逊沙门氏菌19株、乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌1株、伊鲁木沙门氏菌1株、奥斯陆沙门氏菌1株、5株未定型。PFGE聚类分型共分为16个型别,其相似度为53.7%~100.0%,且大多数菌株与人源菌株相似度超过80%。结果表明,大雁、斑头雁及天鹅源沙门氏菌相同血清型PFGE带型高度相似,可能来自同一克隆株,不同血清型PFGE带型差别较大。     

PFGE Genotyping and Serotype Analysis of Salmonella Isolated from Goose,Anserindicus and Cygnus

To understand the Salmonella epidemic characteristics and pulsed field gel electrophoresis（PFGE）genotyping of goose,Anserindicus and Cygnus,33 strains of Salmonella were serotype typed by PFGE and genotyped with BioNumerics 6.6 cluster analysis software.The results showed that there were 16 PFGE patterns,which displayed 6 strains Salmonella paratyphi C,19 strains Salmonella thompson,1 strains Salmonella paratyphi B,1 strain Salmonella irumu,1 strain Salmonella oslo,5 undifferentiated.PFGE similarity is about 53.7% to 100.0%,and most of the strains and anthropogenic strains similarity was more than 80%.The results showed that goose,Anserindicus and Cygnus Salmonella serotypes same PFGE type with a high degree of similarity,and possibly from the same clone,quite different serotypes PFGE band pattern difference.     

Staphylococcus hyicus virulence in relation to exudative epidermitis in pigs.

Staphylococcus hyicus strains with different phage types, plasmid profiles, and antibiotic resistance patterns were isolated from piglets with exudative epidermitis. The strains could be divided into virulent strains, producing exudative epidermitis, and avirulent strains, producing no dermal changes when injected in experimental piglets. The results showed that both virulent and avirulent strains were present simultaneously on diseased piglets. This constitutes a diagnostic problem. Concentrated culture supernatants from nine virulent strains injected in the skin of healthy piglets produced a crusting reaction in all piglets. Acanthosis was observed in the histopathological examination of the crustaceous skin. Concentrated culture supernatants from nine avirulent strains produced no macroscopic or microscopic skin changes. Protein profiles from all virulent strains and seven out of nine avirulent strains showed a high degree of protein band homology. An approximately 30 kDa protein present in all concentrated culture supernatants capable of producing skin changes, could not be detected in samples that did not produce skin changes. No other protein showed a similar association. It is concluded that crusting reaction of piglet skin is a suitable indicator of virulence in S. hyicus in relation to exudative epidermitis, and that virulent strains produce a 30 kDa protein, absent in concentrated culture supernatants from avirulent strains. This 30 kDa protein might be an exfoliative toxin.     

Molecular heterogeneity in clinical isolates of Malassezia pachydermatis from dogs

Molecular investigation of 16 strains, conventionally identified to be Malassezia pachydermatis, isolated from dogs in Japan was carried out by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and chitin synthase 2 (CHS2) gene sequence analyses. The RAPD band patterns of 13 clinical isolates were identical to that of standard strain of M. pachydermatis (CBS-1879). The other three clinical isolates were different from the standard strain of M. pachydermatis in RAPD patterns, and two of the three isolates were identical. About 620 bp genomic DNA fragments of the CHS2 gene were amplified from the same 16 clinical isolates of M. pachydermatis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of CHS2 gene fragments of the 16 clinical isolates revealed that the 13 strains were genetically very close to the standard strain of M. pachydermatis and the other two isolates were genetically close to the standard strain of M. furfur rather than M. pachydermatis. The remaining one isolate was phylogenetically distinct from all the seven Malassezia species reported so far.     

Isolation，Identification and Antibiotics Resistance Analysis of Enterococcus from Yak

17 feces samples of yak which were collected in Hongyuan county were measured with Gram staining method and 16S rRNA molecular identification in this study.8 suspected Enterococcus were separate from feces samples by bacteria purification and PCR amplification with 1 500 bp specific band. 6Enterococcus faecalis and 2Enterococcus faecium were identified through 16S rRNA sequencing.The homology analysis of the strains revealed that the homology between Enterococcus faecalis and reference strains sequence were 99.7% to 100%,that of Enterococcus faecium and reference sequence were 98.2% to 99.2%,indicating that the yak Enterococcus was highly conserved in the process of genetic evolution.The drug sensitive test results showed that the isolated strains were highly resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics.Enterococcus faecium 11-1-2 strain was not only 5 multi-resistant,but also showed resistence to vancomycin.Enterococcus faecalis strains was most 3 multi-resistant.The antibiotics resistance results revealed that the resistance of yak Enterococcus was serious and should be taken seriously.