我国兽药科技创新及成果转化的实践与问题研究

在问卷调查和数据统计的基础上,分析了我国兽药科技创新主体、创新模式、国家课题安排、成果转化情况,总结了兽药科技成果转化实践经验,探讨了现有体制机制下兽药科技创新与科技成果转化存在的问题并提出建议,以期为相关工作提供参考。     

Statistical science in veterinary practice

Faecal samples and questionnaires from 115 and 130 farms respectively were used to survey the internal parasite status of the national deer herd and examine current drenching practices. The survey included farms with red deer and wapiti-red deer crosses (Cervus elaphus), and fallow deer (Dama dama). Gastrointestinal nematode eggs were recorded from 84% of all farms, Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae from 85% of all farms, and Elaphostrongylus cervi larvae from 35% of the farms with C. elaphus. Faecal egg and larval counts were generally low. There was a significant relationship between the presence of Elaphostrongylus and the introduction of deer from Southland/Fiordland. Fenbendazole, oxfendazole and albendazole were the most frequently used anthelmintics of the 14 reported. Drenching programmes were extremely varied.     

Regulation of veterinary chemicals in Australia

SUMMARY For many years the regulation of veterinary chemicals has been a State responsibility. The clearance process involves the evaluation of a wide range of aspects for each candidate product including quality, efficacy and safety. In recent years the clearance process has been governed by the Commonwealth Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Act 1988. The Act established the Australian Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Council responsible for the evaluation and the granting or refusal of clearance. Clearance of veterinary chemicals by the Commonwealth is required as a precursor to registration. It is an offence for anyone to sell an unregistered product unless authorised by relevant legislation. Control is therefore exercised principally at the point of sale. These functions are now the responsibility of the National Registration Authority, which was established on 15 June 1993. Changes are now underway for the Commonwealth to take over the registration responsibilities from the States. A legislative package that will enable the Commonwealth to assume registration responsibilities will be enacted later this year or early 1995.     

Developing new veterinary services in milk quality: a review of a recent mastitis risk management co-development in Australia

A new veterinary service to promote ongoing, incremental improvements in the risk management of mastitis and milk quality was developed between 2005 and 2008. This was designed to enhance the relationship between the farmer and advisor, as an extension of the Countdown Downunder programme, Australia's national mastitis and milk quality programme. This service was co-developed between the Countdown Downunder programme team and a core development group of veterinarians involved with trialling the service, and farmers and social researchers. The service, known as Countdown MAX, involved advisory input at the planning stage, a written risk management plan, multiple engagements between the farm team and advisor for tracking and re-planning, and a service fee. Risk management resources (modules) were developed to be employed at the drying-off and calving periods, and during lactation. During the development and implementation phase eight veterinary practices conducted Countdown MAX consultations on 55 farms. Eighty-eight Countdown MAX modules were delivered in total, with 55% of farms completing more than one module but only 38% of modules reviewed successfully. A social research project examined the implementation of the Countdown MAX service in participating veterinary practices during the development phase. Findings of the project were that the successful uptake of a new mastitis service into a veterinary practice was enhanced through uptake by practice owners of the concept, the formation of a written practice plan, adequate communication and explanation of the new service to all staff, logistical support for the service within the practice, and transfer of mastitis expertise within the practice.