小型猪场疫病防治措施

猪疫病防治是提高规模化猪场经济效益的重要措施之一。面对猪场疫病流行的严峻形势,通过采取定期搞好预防接种、开展疫苗抗体效价及疫病监测、严把引种检疫关、采用"全进全出"的饲养管理方式、严格隔离饲养、实行兽医防疫卫生管理专人负责制、药物防治、消毒和杀虫、灭鼠综合防制措施,使猪场疫病流行得到有效控制。     

中小型猪场疫病控制与净化技术

随着养猪事业的发展 ,一大批中小型猪场正在兴起。过去那种传统的、落后的饲养管理模式和卫生防疫措施 ,已经被现代化的饲养管理、疫病监测和防疫体系所代替。要使猪场获得最大的经济效益 ,必须有完整的疫病控制体系与净化技术 ,内容包括隔离、消毒、免疫接种、疫病监测、内外寄生虫防治等 ,逐步实现规范化的生物安全防疫体系 ,创建一个有利于猪群健康生长的生态环境。猪场的疫病净化　强化员工的防病意识 ,猪场完全与外界隔绝。通过培训 ,采取必要的措施 ,加强职工的卫生防疫意识是非常必要的 ,使他们认识到疫病传播的途径以及发生疫病的后…     

浅谈规模养猪场生物安全措施

规模化养猪场生物安全措施主要包括猪场环境、饲养管理、卫生消毒、封闭隔离和疫病监测等。目前，猪场多数分布在农村，处于农村散养猪群包围中，由于饲养密度大，生产区与生活区分不开，规模养猪场与散养户相邻，饲养环境复杂，加上猪场内部布局、结构不够合理、饲养管理不尽科学、卫生消毒、封闭隔离、疫病监控等防疫措施跟不上，造成饲养环境与猪只群体受疫病侵害程度日趋严重，     

规模化猪场的消毒与隔离

20世纪90年代以来,我国规模化养猪生产发展迅速,但由于预防管理滞后,猪的疫病种类也增多,疫情日趋复杂,继发感染、混合感染日益严重,疫病控制和净化难度加大,生猪死淘率居高不下,直接影响着养猪生产的经济效益.实践证明,养猪生产只靠传统饲养方式和疫病防治方法,难以从根本上控制疫病和解决疫苗、兽药滥用的系列问题,只有加强猪场生物安全管理,采取严格的隔离、消毒和防疫措施,减少或杜绝猪群的外源性继发感染机会,才能从根本上减少依赖疫苗和药物,保持猪的健康和养猪业的可持续发展.     

规模化猪场猪病的综合防疫措施

随着养猪产业向规模化、集约化方向发展，猪场疫病的暴发频率也越来越高，养殖业的疫病风险也越来越大。与过去一家一户散户养猪相比，规模化猪场的生产技术、疫病防治、饲养管理表现出了很大的特殊性，科学地制定猪场综合防疫技术显得尤为重要。笔者通过几年来在生产第一线的实践，针对规模化猪场猪呼吸道传染病、猪腹泻性传染病、猪繁殖障碍性传染病等其它严重影响养猪的疫病，提出以下综合防疫措施。     

猪场猪疫病综合防治措施探析

我国是一个农业大国,在我国的经济发展当中,农产品尤其是畜牧产业的发展扮演了一个非常重要的角色,如何去预防和控制畜牧产业的疫病的暴发率和提高肉产品的质量,也就成为了畜牧养殖产业的重中之重。而我国是一个以猪肉为主要肉食的国家,近年来,在猪的饲养量和饲养环境一直都在不断地刷新。但如今,由于我们的生活环境日益多元化,各种新兴的污染源也是层出不穷。而由于猪病呈现多种病原混合感染态势,导致猪病症状不典型,诊断困难,难以得到有效的防控,这也给养猪业造成巨大的经济损失。猪疫病是猪场最大的天敌,一场疫病对于一个养猪场来说可能会是灭顶之灾。猪场养殖猪最主要是做好猪疫病的防治。目前猪疫病形式多样,发展迅速,传播极快。猪场猪疫病的防治应该从全方位出发,综合防治,从各个方面来控制猪疫病的传染与传播。而由于我国的猪场养殖当中疫情的暴发的情况仍然是不在少数,本文将从我国的猪场猪疫病的综合防治出发来看,指出在我国的猪场的猪疫病的防治当中还仍然存在着的一些问题,并提出一定的解决方法。     

猪疫病防治技术及实施要点探索

当前我国猪场频繁爆发的猪疫病给猪场带来了很大的经济损失,由于猪疫病较为复杂且很难控制,因此对猪疫病防治技术的研发与推广显得相当重要,为进一步防治猪疫病的发生,应当积极采取相应措施,加强疾病预防管理工作,以减少疫病的传播,确保养猪产业的健康发展.本文重点介绍了一些猪疫病防治技术,并说明了其实施要点,期望能为猪场养猪业提供一些借鉴.     

浅谈猪场饲养管理

随着规模养猪业的不断发展,传染病对猪场的危害越来越大,有时甚至是毁灭性的打击。猪传染病的发生固然与饲养管理不善,引种带毒,消毒不严,免疫失败,隔离措施落实不到位,诊断不准确,治疗不及时,用药不当等等因素有关,但笔者认为猪场饲养管理不善,饲养人员专业知识缺乏,责任心缺失,管理人员不作为是造成疫病防治失控的重要原因之一。     

预防猪病严把九关

<正>猪场的疫病防治应贯彻"预防为主,养防结合,防重于治"的方针。搞好饲养管理、卫生消毒、预防接种、隔离检疫等综合防疫措施,以提高猪群的健康水平和抗病能力,控制和杜绝疫病的传入及蔓延,降低发病率和病死率。实践证明,只要认真做好平时的预     

生猪疫病防治存在问题与解决措施

近年来,由于受饲养管理、气候及环境等众多因素的影响,生猪疫病呈现出高发趋势,严重阻碍了生猪养殖业的健康发展.基于此,本文分析了当前生猪疫病防治现状;着重探讨了完善生猪疫病防治的对策.1当前生猪疫病防治现状1.1猪场选址缺乏合理性部分养殖户在猪场选址的过程中,贪图便利导致选址不科学、不合理.比如个别猪场选址在地势低洼处,临近主干道,靠近生活区,还有的养殖户不注重对消毒设施、防疫设备的配备与完善,一旦猪群发生疫情,无法及时进行消毒防疫与隔离,导致出现大面积感染现象,给养殖户带来巨大的损失.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …