Foliar Persistence and Residual Activity of Tebufenozide Against Spruce Budworm Larvae

A field study was conducted to investigate the persistence of tebufenozide in white spruce foliage. An aqueous suspension concentrate formulation, RH-5992 2F, was sprayed over single trees at three dosage rates, 35, 70 and 140 g of the active ingredient (AI), in 2·0 litre ha⁻¹, using ground application equipment. Foliage was collected at different intervals of time up to 64 days after treatment and tebufenozide residues were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Foliage was also fed to laboratory-reared 4th- and 6th-instar spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens). The data indicated that tebufenozide residues in foliage declined with time according to first-order kinetics. The average rate-constant and half-life of disappearance (DT₅₀) were 0·0340 and 20·45 days, respectively. Larval mortality declined gradually, corresponding to the residues, but was still appreciable (49 to 70%) when the larvae were fed with foliage collected 64 days after treatment. The amount of foliage consumed by the larvae decreased when foliar residues of tebufenozide increased, thus indicating anti-feedant activity of the chemical. The LD₅₀ values for both instars were similar and averagedc.25 ng per insect, but the LD₉₀ values were significantly lower for 4th-instar than for 6th-instar, at 63·6 and 96·1 ng per insect respectively. This implies that, theoretically, at a foliar concentration of 1·0 μg tebufenozide g⁻¹ foliage (fresh wt), the spruce budworm larva needs to consume 65 to 100 mg of foliage in 10 days to cause mortality in about 90% of a population of the insect.     

Predatory potential of eleven native Moroccan adult ladybird species on different stages of Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae)

Dactylopius opuntiae is an insect pest of cactus which is currently causing severe damage to cactus crops in Morocco. It was first observed in 2014 in the Sidi Bennour region 120 km northwest of Marrakech, and has spread very quickly to destroy the prickly pear cactus crops (Opuntia ficus‐indica (L.) Miller) in several regions of country, causing very heavy economic losses. To control this pest, the predatory potential of eleven species of native Moroccan ladybird predators was investigated under laboratory conditions at 26 ± 2°C, 60 ± 10% RH and a 12 h light:12 h dark regime. The experiments were conducted in no‐choice feeding tests (only eggs, first instar or second instar of mealybugs were offered at one time) and free‐choice feeding tests (eggs and first and second instar larvae were offered simultaneously). In the no‐choice feeding tests, Exochomus nigripennis, Chilocorus bipustulatus and Chilocorus politus consumed the highest mean number of mealybug eggs and first instars, and the highest mean number of second instars was consumed by Hippodamia convergens. In the free‐choice feeding tests the highest mean number of mealybug eggs was eaten by Chilocorus bipustulatus and Chilocorus politus and Hippodamia convergens consumed the highest mean number of first and second instars of the mealybug.     

Isoforms of the heteropteran Nezara viridula ecdysone receptor: protein characterisation, RH5992 insecticide binding and homology modelling

BACKGROUND: Certain bisacylhydrazine compounds such as tebufenozide (RH5992) have been shown to act as order‐specific insecticides. Their compatibility with predatory Heteroptera, which are used as biological control agents, has also been demonstrated. However, the molecular mode of action of these ecdysone agonists has not been explored in a heteropteran, much less one that is a significant agricultural pest, such as Nezara viridula. RESULTS: Alternatively spliced ligand‐binding regions of the N. viridula ecdysone receptor were expressed, purified and characterised by 2D gel analysis, mass spectrometry, homology modelling and competitive binding of a bisacylhydrazine insecticidal compound (RH5992) and various ecdysteroids. Ligand binding by the two splice isoforms was indistinguishable, and relative affinities were found to occur in the order muristerone A > ponasterone A > 20‐hydroxyecdysone > inokosterone > RH5992 > α‐ecdysone. CONCLUSION: The predicted difference in amino acid sequence between the ligand‐binding domains of the N. viridula ecdysone receptor splice variants was verified by mass spectrometry. Both splice variant isoforms exhibit a greater affinity for the bisacylhydrazine insecticide RH5992 than do the other hemipteran ecdysone receptors characterised to date. Their affinities for a range of ecdysteroids also distinguish them from the ecdysone receptors of other Hemiptera characterised thus far. Homology models of both N. viridula receptor isoforms provide further insight into the bisacylhydrazine‐ and ecdysteroid‐binding properties of these receptors, including their similar affinity for 20‐hydroxyecdysone and the postulated pentatomomorphan moulting hormone makisterone A. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Insect growth regulators as potential insecticides to control olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae Rossi): insect toxicity bioassays and molecular docking approach

BACKGROUND: Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), is a key pest in olive orchards, causing serious economic damage. To date, the pest has already developed resistance to the insecticides commonly applied to control it. Thus, in searching for new products for an accurate resistance management programme, targeting the ecdysone receptor (EcR) might provide alternative compounds for use in such programmes. RESULTS: Residual contact and oral exposure in the laboratory of B. oleae adults to the dibenzoylhydrazine‐based compounds methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide and RH‐5849 showed different results. Methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide did not provoke any negative effects on the adults, but RH‐5849 killed 98‐100% of the treated insects 15 days after treatment. The ligand‐binding domain (LBD) of the EcR of B. oleae (BoEcR‐LBD) was sequenced, and a homology protein model was constructed. Owing to a restricted extent of the ligand‐binding cavity of the BoEcR‐LBD, docking experiments with the three tested insecticides showed a severe steric clash in the case of methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide, while this was not the case with RH‐5849. CONCLUSION: IGR molecules similar to the RH‐5849 molecule, and different from methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide, might have potential in controlling this pest. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Action of the ecdysteroid agonist tebufenozide in susceptible and artificially selected beet armyworm

Toxicity assays with tebufenozide, the first commercial non-steroidal ecdysteroid agonist, against a laboratory strain of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), demonstrated the promise of this new compound for the control of this important pest. Experiments to select insects artificially from the laboratory strain by continuous exposure of larval instars to corresponding LC₂₅ doses of tebufenozide for over 12 generations (G₀→G₁₂: 14–15 months), revealed no loss in susceptibility to the insecticide for up to five generations. Moreover, retention and fate of ¹⁴C-labelled tebufenozide were investigated using G₆ larvae from the selection experiments and the results compared with those for the susceptible (G₀) larvae. In addition, piperonyl butoxide, an inhibitor of monooxygenases, when ingested by larvae along with tebufenozide, increased the susceptibility of intoxicated larvae to this ecdysteroid agonist, indicating its oxidative metabolism in Spodoptera larvae. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry.     

Selectivity of diacylhydrazine insecticides to the predatory bug Orius laevigatus: in vivo and modelling/docking experiments

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of pesticide selectivity to natural enemies is necessary for a successful implementation of biological and chemical control methods in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. Diacylhydrazine (DAH)‐based ecdysone agonists, also known as moulting‐accelerating compounds (MACs), are considered to be a selective group of insecticides, and their compatibility with predatory Heteroptera, which are used as biological control agents, is known. However, their molecular mode of action has not been explored in beneficial insects such as Orius laevigatus (Fieber) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). RESULTS: In this project, in vivo toxicity assays demonstrated that the DAH‐based RH‐5849, tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide have no toxic effect against O. laevigatus. The ligand‐binding domain (LBD) of the ecdysone receptor (EcR) of O. laevigatus was sequenced, and a homology protein model was constructed that confirmed a cavity structure with 12 α‐helices, harbouring the natural insect moulting hormone 20‐hydroxyecdysone. However, docking studies showed that a steric clash occurred for the DAH‐based insecticides owing to a restricted extent of the ligand‐binding cavity of the EcR of O. laevigatus. CONCLUSIONS: The insect toxicity assays demonstrated that MACs are selective for O. laevigatus. The modelling/docking experiments are indications that these pesticides do not bind with the LBD‐EcR of O. laevigatus and support the supposition that they show no biological effects in the predatory bug. These data help in explaining the compatible use of MACs together with predatory bugs in IPM programmes. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

黄杨绢野螟的生物学研究

黄杨绢野螟（Diaphania perspectalis(Walker)是园林中多种黄杨Buxus spp．的食叶害虫，暴发时可吃光叶片，甚至造成大量植株死亡。此虫体色有黑白和全黑二型。一年发生4代(局部个体一年发生1～3代)，以幼虫缀合叶片成果越冬，次年春暖后恢复取食，4月下旬越冬代成虫开始出现。第1、2、3代成虫分别于6月上旬、7月下旬、9月上旬开始出现。幼虫6～8龄，有兼性滞育现象，1～3代均有部分个体滞育。与4代幼虫一起越冬。此虫各虫态有多种天敌：幼虫期育出甲腹茧蜂Chelonus sp．、绢野螟长绒茧蜂Dolichogenidea stantoni(Ashmead)，蛹期育出广大腿小蜂Brachymeria lasus(Walker)，并采到捕食卵粒的纹蓟马Aeolothrips sp．和多种捕食幼虫和成虫的游猎性蜘蛛(种属待查)。保护天敌对控制黄杨绢野螟的为害有重要意义。     

Comparison of the activity of non‐steroidal ecdysone agonists between dipteran and lepidopteran insects,using cell‐based EcR reporter assays

BACKGROUND: Diacylhydrazine (DAH) analogues have been developed successfully as a new group of insect growth regulators, called ecdysone agonists or moulting accelerating compounds. These DAHs have been shown to manifest their toxicity via interaction with the ecdysone receptor (EcR) in susceptible insects, as does the natural insect moulting hormone 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E). A notable feature is their high activity and specificity, particularly against lepidopteran insects, raising the question as to whether non‐lepidopteran‐specific analogues can be isolated. However, for the discovery of ecdysone agonists that target other important insect groups such as Diptera, efficient screening systems that are based on the activation of the EcR are needed. RESULTS: In this study, a dipteran‐specific reporter‐based screening system with transfected S2 cells of Drosophila melanogaster Meig. was developed in order to discover and evaluate compounds that have ecdysone agonistic or antagonistic activity. A library of non‐steroidal ecdysone agonists containing different mother structures with DAH and other related analogues such as acylaminoketone (AAK) and tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) was tested. None of the compounds tested was as active as 20E. This is in contrast to the very high activity of several DAH and AAK congeners in lepidopteran cells (Bombyx mori L.‐derived Bm5 cells). The latter agrees with a successful docking of a DAH, tebufenozide, in the binding pocket of the lepidopteran EcR (B. mori), while this was not the case with the dipteran EcR (D. melanogaster). Of note was the identification of two THQ compounds with activity in S2 but not in Bm5 cells. Although marked differences in activity exist with respect to the activation of EcR between dipterans and lepidopterans, there exists a positive correlation (R = 0.724) between the pLC₅₀ values in S2 and Bm5 cells. In addition, it was found through protein modelling that a second lobe was present in the ligand‐binding pocket of lepidopteran BmEcR but was lacking in the dipteran DmEcR protein, suggesting that this difference in structure of the binding pocket is a major factor for preferential activation of the lepidopteran over the dipteran receptors by DAH ligands. CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirmed the marked specificity of DAH and AAK analogues towards EcRs from lepidopteran insects. THQ compounds did not show this specificity, indicating that dipteran‐specific ecdysone‐agonist‐based insecticides based on the THQ mother structure can be developed. The differences in activity of ecdysone agonists in dipteran and lepidopteran ecdysone‐reporter‐based screening systems are discussed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

荻草谷网蚜ABCG1基因的克隆及表达模式分析

荻草谷网蚜Sitobion miscanthi是严重威胁我国小麦生产安全的迁飞性害虫。蜕皮激素是参与蚜虫翅型分化调控的内激素, 在有翅成蚜体内保持高滴度, 且诱导后代产生更高比例的无翅蚜, 其进出靶细胞需要经过细胞膜上特定蛋白的转运。ATP结合盒转运蛋白家族G亚家族(ATP-binding cassette transporter G, ABCG)中的 ABCG1是通过跨膜转运昆虫类固醇、对蜕皮激素信号进行负调控的功能蛋白之一, 在蚜虫中尚未见报道。本文克隆了荻草谷网蚜ABCG1(SmisABCG1)基因, 并进行了序列比对、系统进化分析以及不同组织部位和发育时期表达模式分析。结果显示, SmisABCG1基因的开放阅读框全长为1 851 bp, 编码616个氨基酸, 含7个跨膜结构域, 符合ABCG蛋白家族典型结构特性, 基因登录ID:OP626323。昆虫间ABCG1较保守, 该蛋白系统进化关系与各自物种间亲缘关系的远近保持一致。其中, SmisABCG1与来自豌豆蚜、禾谷缢管蚜、棉蚜、花生蚜和雪松长足大蚜等的ABCG1氨基酸序列高度一致(>87%), 以上蚜虫聚为一支。与SmisABCG1亲缘关系最近的是豌豆蚜的ABCG1, 其次是半翅目的褐飞虱、白背飞虱和灰飞虱, 与膜翅目的新疆菜叶蜂、阿里山潜蝇茧蜂以及鞘翅目的赤拟谷盗、蜂箱小甲虫亲缘关系较远。该基因在伪胚胎和成蚜阶段高表达。包含伪胚胎的有翅、无翅成蚜整蚜SmisABCG1的转录水平无显著差异, 但其在来自有翅成蚜的伪胚胎中的转录水平高于无翅成蚜伪胚胎, 证实无翅成蚜自身的转录水平较高, 而有翅成蚜较低。进一步分析显示这一差异主要是无翅蚜胸部显著高表达所导致。基于该蛋白对蜕皮激素负调控, 与有翅成蚜转录水平低, 但蜕皮激素水平更高相符合。     

虫酰肼对水稻二化螟的拒食、致死作用及田间效果

室内生测结果表明 ,虫酰肼 (RH- 5992 )对水稻二化螟 Chilo suppressalis具有较高的拒食活性 ,2mg/L以上可使 4龄二化螟在 2d内停止取食 ,而 0.2mg/L即可显著抑制其生长发育 ,导致幼虫最终不能化蛹。虫酰肼对不同日龄二化螟均具有较高活性 ,对初孵蚁螟 ,40mg/L的杀虫效果高达 97.8% ,对于 1～ 7日龄幼虫 ,120mg/L的防治效果均在 90 %以上。虫酰肼对二化螟的致死历程较长 ,致死时间因浓度和二化螟龄期不同而变化 ,浓度增加对 l～ 4龄各龄期致死时间影响较小,而 6龄时 ,随浓度增加 ,致死时间明显缩短 ;在同一低浓度下 ,随着虫龄增加 ,致死时间明显延长 ,高浓度下 ,致死时间与龄期增加无明显相关性。虫酰肼无杀卵活性 ,对卵寄生蜂安全。田间试验表明 ,20%虫酰肼 (F) 1.5L/hm2 对二化螟、大螟 Sesamiainferens、三化螟 Scirpophaga incertulas枯心和稻纵卷叶螟 Cnaphalocrocis medinalis均有良好的控制效果。     

滞育对灰飞虱生理生化特性的影响

为探明灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus滞育过程中生理生化的变化特点,利用蒽酮比色法、甘油酶法、BCA法和分光光度法,测定了不同龄期非滞育、滞育灰飞虱若虫体内的总糖、糖原、海藻糖、甘油、蛋白质和氨基酸含量。结果表明,灰飞虱各龄期滞育若虫体内总糖、糖原、海藻糖、甘油、总蛋白和总氨基酸的含量与非滞育若虫存在差异。滞育若虫体内糖原和甘油的含量与非滞育若虫无显著差异,而总糖、海藻糖和氨基酸的含量均显著高于非滞育若虫,3龄滞育若虫体内海藻糖的含量为95.5μg/mg,是非滞育若虫的1.4倍;各龄期滞育若虫体内总蛋白含量均极显著高于非滞育若虫,3龄滞育若虫体内的总蛋白含量最大,为0.68 g/L,是非滞育若虫的1.3倍。研究表明,灰飞虱滞育个体属于海藻糖积累型,并通过滞育系统调节生理生化习性以增强抗逆性,从而渡过不良环境。     

旋幽夜蛾各虫态的过冷却点测定

［目的］ 探明旋幽夜蛾（Scotogramma trifolii Rottemberg）各虫态的耐寒性。［方法］利用过冷却点测定仪对旋幽夜蛾1~5龄幼虫、蛹（滞育、非滞育）和雌雄成虫分别进行过冷却点和结冰点测定。［结果］各龄幼虫过冷却点随龄期的增加逐渐升高,1龄幼虫（-13.63 ℃）<2龄幼虫（-12.50 ℃）<3龄幼虫（-11.08 ℃）<4龄幼虫（-11.05 ℃）<5龄幼虫（-10.04 ℃）。相邻龄期幼虫的过冷却点均未呈现出显著性差异,但低龄幼虫和高龄幼虫间存在显著性差异。其余虫态过冷却点滞育蛹（-24.94 ℃）显著低于非滞育蛹（-21.91 ℃）,雌蛹（-23.84 ℃）<雄蛹（-23.52 ℃）,雌成虫（-15.75 ℃）<雄成虫（-15.44 ℃）,但雌雄蛹和雌雄成虫之间均未呈现显著性差异。［结论］ 旋幽夜蛾各虫态过冷却点变化为蛹（-23.67 ℃）<成虫（-15.60 ℃）<幼虫（-11.48 ℃）,三者之间有显著性差异。研究结果为旋幽夜蛾的越冬区划提供了科学依据。     

The predation consequence of continuous breeding vs starting a new colony of a polyphagous insect predator

The predation rates of a recently collected population of the mirid Macrolophus pygmaeus versus one continuously bred in the laboratory, reared under the same conditions for three generations, were compared in 24-h choice experiments using first to fourth instar nymphs of the aphid Myzus persicae on aubergine and sweet pepper. On aubergine, the mean wet weights for first, second, third and fourth instar nymphs of M. persicae were 46%, 36%, 8% and 14% greater, respectively, compared with aphids on pepper. Adult females from a recently collected field population of M. pygmaeus (MpK) consumed more second and third instars compared with first and fourth instars on aubergine and pepper (79% and 88% of biomass consumed, respectively). M. pygmaeus females (MpV) from a population maintained in the laboratory for more than 15 years consumed more first and second instar nymphs on aubergine. On pepper, consumption by MpV females was relatively constant between instars and unlike other combinations, where third instars contributed the greatest amount of biomass consumed (43–60%), fourth instars contributed the most biomass consumed (51%). The total aphid biomass consumed by the MpK population was twofold greater on pepper and 4.7-fold greater on aubergine when compared with the MpV population. The MpK population consumed more aphid biomass on aubergine compared with pepper while the reverse was the case for the MpV population. Such intraspecific differences may have a significant influence on their efficacy as predators in biological control systems.     

茶扁叶蝉 Chanohirata theae (Matsumura)的生物学特性

茶扁叶蝉Chanohirata theae(Matsumura)近年来在贵州部分茶园中偶有发生甚或暴发成灾,为了解这一害虫的生物学特性,通过室内饲养和野外调查对其形态特征、生活史、发育历期、生活习性等进行了研究。结果显示:茶扁叶蝉在贵州一年发生2代,第一代发生于4月上旬至9月下旬,第二代发生于7月中旬至翌年5月中旬;若虫共5龄,以5龄若虫在茶树中下部叶片上越冬;发育历期受温度影响明显,温度越高发育速率越快,第一代卵期(23.42d)明显长于第二代(15.73d),相反,第一代若虫历期(56.33d)明显短于第二代(218.28d);成、若虫均喜静伏于叶片正面取食,交配多于白天进行,雌成虫一般由叶片正面将卵产入叶肉组织内;成虫具较强的趋光、趋黄的特性。建议于成虫盛期悬挂黄板或开灯诱杀,于若虫1~2龄盛期施药进行防治。     

Site factors and management influence short-term host resistance to spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), in a species-specific manner

BACKGROUND: This study examined the interactions between thinning and soil drainage classes on the resistance of balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill, white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, and black spruce, P. mariana (Mill.) BSP, to spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), defoliation 1 year after treatment. To estimate host tree resistance, foliage production and larval foliage consumption were determined to generate an index of resistance quantifying the amount of residual foliage available for photosynthesis after insect defoliation. RESULTS: Significant interactions on tree resistance and foliage chemistry were detected between thinning and soil drainage in balsam fir. Drainage class affected spruce budworm performance, foliar chemistry and balsam fir resistance to spruce budworm, whereas no effect was found in white spruce. Thinning had a significant effect on the foliar chemistry of balsam fir and white spruce, but no effect on black spruce. CONCLUSION: Thinning reduced balsam fir resistance to spruce budworm defoliation. This response is due to increased defoliation linked to reduction in concentrations of certain monoterpenes, and a decrease in foliage production, except on hydric drainage, demonstrating the importance of drainage class to tree resistance. The results suggest that the use of Bacillus thuringiensis might be required when conducting stand thinning during spruce budworm outbreaks. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

虫酰肼对苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒的增效作用

研究了以甜菜夜蛾为靶标害虫时,昆虫生长调节剂虫酰肼对苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(AcNPV)的增效作用.结果表明:虫酰肼在作用于甜菜夜蛾时对AcNPV有显著增效作用,不仅可提高杀虫毒力,而且也能提高杀虫速度.作用于3龄和4龄幼虫时,6.67 mg/L虫酰肼对AcNPV的增效比分别是1.31和3.62,使害虫因表现感染病毒症状而死亡的LT50(致死中时)分别缩短10.8%和6.5%,使害虫因病毒和虫酰肼作用而死亡的LT50分别缩短25%和20.4%.虫酰肼和病毒协同作用还显著抑制了幼虫的生长发育,在协同作用1天后,幼虫体重即显著低于单用病毒或对照,并且随着作用时间的延长,协同作用组幼虫体重与病毒单剂组及对照组的差异越来越大.但6.67mg/L虫酰肼和2.7×105PIB/mL AcNPV协同作用于幼虫期时,其对存活幼虫发育为成虫后的繁殖力无影响,成虫产卵量、交配率、卵孵化率以及卵孵化幼虫数等均与病毒单剂及虫酰肼单剂无显著差异,也与对照无显著差异.     

Speed of action and toxicity of acylurea insect growth regulators against Spodoptera exempta (Walk.) and Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) larvae: Effect of inter-moult age

Ultra-low volume (ULV) spray bioassays at droplet densities (20–80 drops cm^?2) corresponding to field deposits were used to determine the efficacy of two acylurea insect growth regulators, teflubenzuron (‘Nomolt®’) and flufenoxuron (‘Cascade®’) against three different age groups of third-instar Spodoptera exempta and Spodoptera littoralis larvae. While no response (mortality and/or abnormal moulting with impaired ability to feed) was observed with one-day-old larvae until 48 h after treatment, two-day-old larvae showed some response (27–93% abnormal moulting and 3–10% mortality when larvae were sprayed; 80–100% abnormal moulting and up to 83% mortality when larvae and plants were sprayed) after 24 h and up to 100% mortality at 120 h. Studies with non-feeding, pre-moult larvae showed that cuticular uptake of acylureas was sufficient to affect an appreciable proportion of larvae after 24 h, with up to 100% mortality at 120 h. More detailed studies with pre-moult S. littoralis larvae showed that, while a few larvae which moulted between 1 and 5 h after treatment showed abnormal moulting to the L4 stage, a much larger proportion of larvae which moulted 6–20 h after treatment were affected. Previous studies with S. exempta have shown that different larval instars show similar levels of sensitivity to acylureas. The present work suggests that, while the age distribution within instars has little influence on the end-point mortality of acylureas, it can profoundly modify the speed of response, the majority of larvae within an instar being effectively controlled at the moult following treatment. The significance of these observations in relation to the crop protection activity of acylureas against field populations of Spodoptera larvae is discussed.     

平腹小蜂滞育诱导研究

平腹小蜂是果树蝽类害虫的优势天敌,对重要果树蝽类害虫具有较强的控制作用,商品化生产的平腹小蜂已广泛应用于多种果树蝽类害虫的生物防治。为精确控制平腹小蜂的羽化时间和提高防控效果,本文对室内不同温度条件下不同龄期平腹小蜂的滞育诱导进行了初步研究。结果表明：平腹小蜂的滞育虫态为预蛹,从卵期开始至预蛹前期,对其进行低温和短光照刺激均可以诱导其进入滞育。短光照（6L：18D）,17℃条件下,处于卵期、1~2龄期和2~3龄期的平腹小蜂发育至预蛹期,滞育率分别为76.37%、81.51%和60.28%,其中卵期开始诱导和1~2龄开始诱导的处理之间,滞育率无显著性差异,且卵期处理组和1~2龄处理组的滞育率显著高于2~3龄处理组的滞育率;短光照条件下,当温度降低到11℃和14℃,对1~2龄和2~3龄期的平腹小蜂诱导滞育,滞育率显著下降到20%以下。综合而言,短光照条件下,温度在诱导平腹小蜂进入滞育中起着至关重要的作用。不同龄期平腹小蜂在17 ℃持续处理后,预蛹的滞育率不同。在本研究中,17℃结合短光照,对卵期和1~2龄期的平腹小蜂进行诱导,可获得较高的滞育率。