成体小鼠骨髓中神经干细胞的分离与培养

在无菌条件下抽取成体小鼠骨髓,在含体积分数1%B27,20ng/mLEGF和10ng/mLbFGF的F12-DMEM(1∶1)培养基中,于37℃、50mL/LCO2饱和湿度下常规培养,对培养的细胞进行nestin免疫荧光染色检测,并将pEGFP-N2基因在80V、80μs条件下采用电击法转化导入神经干细胞中。结果表明,培养7d后,有大部分细胞聚集成团,并大量增殖;Nestin免疫荧光染色后呈阳性;导入pEGFP-N2基因的神经干细胞培养后在荧光显微镜下可观察到绿色荧光。表明从成体小鼠获得的骨髓,在该试验培养条件下有神经干细胞生成,并且外源标记基因pEGFP-N2在其细胞中实现了表达。     

BMP4在诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向生殖细胞分化中的作用

为了探讨骨形态发生蛋白4(bone morphogenetic protein 4,BMP4)在诱导骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)向生殖细胞分化中的作用,将全骨髓培养法获取小鼠BMSCs,在含10%胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS)的DMEM培养液中培养传代;取生长状态良好的第三代(P3)BMSCs,分别添加不同浓度(5、10、20、40和80ng·mL~(-1))的BMP4作为实验组,未添加BMP4为对照组。4d后,MTT法和台盼蓝染色检测细胞的增殖率和存活率,实时定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测生殖细胞阶段特异性基因(Oct4、Dazl、Fragilis、Mvh、Nobox、Stella、Stra8和Gdf9)的表达。结果发现,BMP4浓度为5~20 ng·mL~(-1)时细胞存活率和增殖率最高;BMP4浓度为20 ng·mL~(-1)组Mvh、Fragilis、Oct-4、Dazl及Stella表达水平最高,均显著高于对照组(P0.05);Nobox表达水平则在BMP4浓度40ng·mL~(-1)组最高,且各浓度组均显著高于对照组(P0.05);各浓度BMP4组Stra8和Gdf9的表达水平均与对照组间无显著性差异(P0.05)。此结果提示,BMP4浓度在20 ng·mL~(-1)时,BMSCs的存活率、增殖率及原始生殖细胞特异性基因的表达最高;BMP4在诱导间充质干细胞向生殖细胞分化过程中起重要作用。     

The application of bone marrow transplantation to the treatment of genetic diseases

Genetic diseases can be treated by transplantation of either normal allogeneic bone marrow or, potentially, autologous bone marrow into which the normal gene has been inserted in vitro (gene therapy). Histocompatible allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is used for the treatment of genetic diseases whose clinical expression is restricted to lymphoid or hematopoietic cells. The therapeutic role of bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of generalized genetic diseases, especially those affecting the central nervous system, is under investigation. The response of a generalized genetic disease to allogeneic bone marrow transplantation may be predicted by experiments in vitro. Gene therapy can be used only when the gene responsible for the disease has been characterized. Success of gene therapy for a specific genetic disease may be predicted by its clinical response to allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.     

Fetal and adult hematopoietic stem cells give rise to distinct T cell lineages in humans

Although the mammalian immune system is generally thought to develop in a linear fashion, findings in avian and murine species argue instead for the developmentally ordered appearance (or "layering") of distinct hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that give rise to distinct lymphocyte lineages at different stages of development. Here we provide evidence of an analogous layered immune system in humans. Our results suggest that fetal and adult T cells are distinct populations that arise from different populations of HSCs that are present at different stages of development. We also provide evidence that the fetal T cell lineage is biased toward immune tolerance. These observations offer a mechanistic explanation for the tolerogenic properties of the developing fetus and for variable degrees of immune responsiveness at birth.