天水市应用夏洛莱进行三元杂交改良效果

[目的]为观测天水市应用夏洛莱进行肉牛三元杂交的改良效果。[方法]在项目区选定30头试验牛,跟踪测定试验牛5个阶段的7项生长性能指标,分析得出监测均值,与项目试验均值进行显著性分析。[结果]试验牛5个阶段的7项生长性能指标监测均值与项目试验均值差异均不显著(P0.05)。[结论]应用夏洛莱进行肉牛三元杂交改良,在天水市目前饲养管理条件下,实际改良效果与试验效果相符,以夏洛莱为主进行肉牛三元杂交的肉牛改良方向是成功的,可全面推广。     

高米糠粕日粮中添加酶制剂对番鸭生长性能的影响

选择22日龄商品代番鸭180只，研究在高米糠粕日粮中添加酶制剂对其生长性能的影响。结果表明：添加0．1％酶制剂使番鸭日增重提高10．83％（P〈0．01），饲料利用率提高10．35％（P〈0．01），肝重率提高16．87％（P〈0．01），腹脂率降低10．38％（P〉0．05）。添加酶制剂有利于番鸭羽毛生长，防止啄羽，试验第2、第3周加酶组啄羽率比对照组均下降50％。     

不同植酸磷水平饲粮中添加植酸酶对肉鸭生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同植酸磷水平饲粮中添加植酸酶对肉鸭生长性能和血清生化指标的影响.选用1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭504只,随机分为7组,包括1个高非植酸磷(前期4.0 g/kg;后期3.4 g/kg)对照组和6个低非植酸磷(前期2.4 g/kg;后期1.8 g/kg)试验组.试验组饲粮采用2×3因子完全随机设计,植酸磷设2.00和3.50 g/kg2个水平,植酸酶设500、1 000和1 500 U/kg 3个水平.每组设6个重复,每个重复12只鸭.试验期40 d.结果表明,饲粮植酸磷和植酸酶水平显著影响肉鸭全期平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.01)、平均日采食量(ADFI)(P<0.01)以及后期料重比(F/G)(P<0.05),其中高植酸磷饲粮显著优于低植酸磷饲粮(P<0.05).植酸磷和植酸酶水平对末均重、平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均呈现显著的互作效应(P<0.05).低植酸磷饲粮中肉鸭ADG和ADFI随着植酸酶添加量提高而显著提高(P<0.05),高植酸磷饲粮中1 000 U/kg组显著高于500 U/kg组(P<0.05),与1 500 U/kg组无显著差异(P>0.05).植酸酶水平显著影响肉鸭21和40日龄血清磷水平以及21日龄血清碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.01),但对21和40日龄血清钙水平和40日龄血清碱性磷酸酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05).结果提示,在低非植酸磷饲粮中添加植酸酶可提高肉鸭的生长性能,其中在高植酸磷饲粮中的效果优于低植酸磷饲粮;随着植酸酶水平的增加,血清碱性磷酸酶活性降低.     

饲粮中不同锌水平对育成期笼养蛋鸭生长及免疫性能的影响

采用玉米-豆粕型饲粮,4周龄健康金定育成鸭120只随机平均分为5个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复4只鸭,锌添加水平依次为0、30、60、200、1000mg/kg,试验期为8周,研究饲粮锌水平对育成蛋鸭生长及免疫性能的影响。试验表明,缺锌(第1处理组)和高锌(第5处理组)均能显著影响育成鸭体增重和免疫性能,笼养蛋鸭育成阶段在饲喂玉米-豆粕型实用日粮(含锌32.9mg/kg)时再添加锌30mg/kg可满足生长需要,适当增加日粮锌含量可提高免疫功能,建议蛋鸭在笼养条件下育成阶段饲粮锌的添加水平为30～60mg/kg。     

Dioscorea alata (Water Yam) as a Replacement for Maize in Diets for Laying Hens

One hundred and twenty-six point-of-lay birds were randomly alloted into six groups of 21 birds each and fed six diets containing 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50% of Dioscorea alata meal as a replacement for maize, corresponding to 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% maize replacement. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in feed intake, egg weight or feed efficiency between the control diet and the test diets. However, the daily egg production per 100 birds (hen day production), differed significantly (p>0.05) among the treatments. The birds on the control diet and diets with substitution rates of up to 80% laid significantly (p>0.05) more eggs than those on the 100% substitution rate.This shows that D. alata can replace up to 80% of maize or constitute 40% of a laying chicken diet, provided the rations are isocaloric and isonitrogenous. For this to be achieved, more soybean and/or more fish scraps, and more palm oil are needed in the diets containing D. alata than in diets based on maize.     

蒸汽压片玉米替代饲粮中不同比例粉碎玉米对鲁西阉黄牛生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质与常规化学成分的影响

本试验旨在研究蒸汽压片玉米替代饲粮中不同比例粉碎玉米对鲁西阉黄牛生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质与常规化学成分的影响。选取48头21月龄左右的鲁西阉黄牛[体重(459.6±10.3)kg],按照体重随机分为4组,每组12头牛,分别分配至3个围栏中进行饲养,每个围栏4头牛。4组试验牛饲喂4种不同的饲粮,分别为SFC0、SFC33、SFC67、SFC100,代表饲粮中蒸汽压片玉米替代粉碎玉米的比例分别为0、33%、67%和100%,饲粮中玉米含量为35.85%。试验期共180 d,分为2个阶段,第1阶段共84 d,包括14 d的预试期和70 d的正试期,试验结束后对生长性能进行测定;第2阶段共96 d,对肉牛进行育肥,试验结束后对屠宰性能和肉品质与常规化学成分进行测定。结果显示:SFC100组的平均日增重(ADG)较SFC67、SFC33和SFC0组分别提高了14.95%、25.77%和38.20%,且SFC100、SFC67和SFC0组之间具有显著差异(P0.05);同时,与SFC0组相比,SFC33、SFC67和SFC100组的料重比分别降低了7.73%、17.01%和25.34%,且各组之间均存在显著差异(P0.05)。除SFC100组的眼肌面积显著大于SFC0组(P0.05)外,蒸汽压片玉米替代饲粮中不同比例粉碎玉米未对屠宰性能和肉品质与常规化学成分产生显著影响(P0.05)。此外,随着饲粮中蒸汽压片玉米替代比例的增加,肉牛的终末体重、ADG、眼肌面积和大理石花纹等级呈线性增加(P0.05),而料重比和屠宰率则呈线性降低(P0.05)。由此可见,在饲粮中使用蒸汽压片玉米全部替代粉碎玉米可以在不影响屠宰性能和肉品质的基础上,显著提高鲁西阉黄牛的ADG和饲料转化效率,并在一定程度上能够提高优质牛肉切块的质量等级。     

鸡腿菇菌糠对天府肉鸭生长性能及免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究肉鸭日粮中添加鸡腿菇菌糠对肉鸭生长性能及免疫功能的影响。试验选用320只1日龄健康天府肉鸭,随机分成4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加2%、4%和6%鸡腿菇菌糠的日粮。结果表明,与对照组相比,在肉鸭日粮中添加鸡腿菇菌糠,肉鸭的日采食量显著提高(P<0.05);在试验前2周肉鸭的日增重显著提高(P<0.05),后2周对肉鸭的日增重影响不大(P>0.05);饲料的转化率略微降低(P>0.05)。鸡腿菇菌糠对肉鸭的免疫器官指数和淋巴细胞增殖反应无显著影响(P>0.05)。因此,在肉鸭日粮中添加2%、4%、6%的鸡腿菇菌糠均对肉鸭的生长性能具有一定的促进作用,但对免疫功能无显著影响,综合各项指标,在肉鸭日粮中添加2%的鸡腿菇菌糠效果最好。     

丁酸钠对1～42日龄樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响

为研究丁酸钠对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响,试验以1～42日龄樱桃谷肉种鸭为研究对象,在基础日粮中添加不同水平的丁酸钠进行饲喂,分别测定5、7、14、21、28、35和42日龄肉鸭平均日采食量、平均日增重、绝对增重、相对增重、饲料转化率以及各营养物质的消化率。结果表明:①丁酸钠可以提高樱桃谷肉鸭的平均日增重、绝对增重和相对增重,降低采食量,改善饲料转化率,其中以0.07%的添加量效果最好;②丁酸钠能显著提高樱桃谷肉种鸭对粗脂肪的消化率,对其它营养物质的消化没有表现出一定的规律;③建议樱桃谷肉鸭饲粮中丁酸钠适宜的添加含量为0.07%。     

饲料中不同脂肪源对鲤鱼生长性能、脂质代谢和抗氧化能力的影响

在一种实用饲料配方的基础上,分别添加1.5％的鱼油、豆油、菜籽油、亚麻籽油和猪油作为单一脂肪源,配制成5种等氮等能(粗蛋白质含量35％,总能15mJ/kg)的试验饲料,通过8周的饲养试验,以研究饲料中不同脂肪源对鲤鱼生长性能、体组成、肝胰脏脂质代谢相关酶和抗氧化酶活性的影响.选取平均初重为(5.83±0.01)g的鲤鱼750尾,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复50尾鱼.结果表明:特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)、饲料系数(FCR)以鱼油组最好,猪油组最差,且2组间存在显著差异(P＜0.05).SGR、PER和FCR在豆油组、菜籽油组、亚麻籽油组间无显著差异(P＞0.05).不同脂肪源对全鱼粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量有显著影响(P＜0.05),但对全鱼干物质和粗灰分含量无显著影响(P＞0.05).鱼油组全鱼粗蛋白质含量最高,而粗脂肪含量最低.肝胰脏脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)活性以鱼油组最高,其次是豆油组、菜籽油组、亚麻籽油组,以猪油组最低.肝胰脏苹果酸脱氢酶(mDH)活性表现为:亚麻籽油组＞豆油组＞鱼油组＞菜籽油组＞猪油组.猪油组肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著低于其他各组(P＜0.05),而其他各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).不同脂肪源对肝胰脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)有显著影响(P＜0.05),以鱼油组最高,猪油组最低.由此可见,鱼油是鲤鱼较适宜的脂肪源,而猪油不适宜作为鲤鱼的单一脂肪源,会损害肝胰脏健康,进而影响鱼体生长.     

Replacement of Maize with Cassava Sievates in Cockerel Starter Diets: Effect on Performance and Carcass Characteristics

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

An Evaluation of the Use of Cottonseed Cake in the Diet of Growing Pigs

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of including cottonseed cake in rations for weaned growing pigs. Thirty-two Landrace x Large White pigs, weighing 20-24 kg, were included in four blocks formed on the basis of initial weight within sex in an otherwise completely randomized block design. The pigs were killed when they reached a live weight of 75.0 +/- 2.0 kg and the half carcases were analysed into cuts and the weights of the organs were recorded. An estimate of the productivity of the pigs on each diet was calculated. Cottonseed cake reduced the voluntary feed intake (p < 0.001) and live weight gains p < 0.001) and increased the heart, kidney and liver weights (p < 0.01). The pigs on the soya bean-based control diet took the shortest time to reach slaughter weight. The result was probably in part due to lysine deficiency and in part to the effect of free gossypol. It was found that it is at present cost-effective to include cottonseed cake in pig weaner-grower diets up to 300 g/kg in Cameroon.     

肉鸭常用饲料原料磷真利用率及真可利用磷预测模型的研究

本试验旨在测定代表性肉鸭饲料原料的总磷和植酸磷含量及其磷真利用率,并建立各原料真可利用磷的预测模型,丰富肉鸭饲料原料数据库,为肉鸭饲粮配方的精确配制提供科学依据.试验收集全国各地常用肉鸭饲料原料,以不同来源饲料原料的化学成分特点及变异规律为依据选出30种代表性样品,采用化学分析法测定样品的总磷和植酸磷含量,以成年樱桃谷...     

低聚壳聚糖替代抗生素对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、肠道屏障功能和肌肉品质的影响

本试验旨在探究日粮中添加50 mg·kg-1的低聚壳聚糖(chitosan oligosaccharide,COS)替代抗生素对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标、肠道屏障功能和肌肉品质的影响.选取540只1日龄的樱桃谷肉鸭,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸭,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组,control...     

杂粕型饲粮添加复合酶制剂对樱桃谷肉鸭生产性能、消化酶活性及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究杂粕型饲粮添加不同复合酶制剂对樱桃谷肉鸭生产性能、消化酶活性及血清生化指标的影响.264只健康1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭随机分为3个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复22只鸭.1组饲喂玉米-杂粕型基础饲粮,2组在基础饲粮中添加酶1(由聚糖酶、甘露聚糖酶、葡聚糖酶组成)100 mg/kg,3组在基础饲粮中添加酶2(由聚...     

饲粮中不同水平柚叶对生长肉兔生长性能、饲粮养分全肠表观消化率和屠宰性能的影响

本试验旨在研究不同水平柚叶饲粮饲喂生长肉兔的实际效果,并推荐肉兔饲粮中柚叶的适宜用量。选用遗传背景相同、体重相近、健康的35日龄法国伊拉商品兔120只,适应期后按体重相近原则随机分为4组(每组10个重复,每个重复3只),分别饲喂含0(对照组)、6%(Ⅰ组)、12%(Ⅱ组)和18%(Ⅲ组)柚叶的4种能、氮、纤维基本相等的饲粮。适应期7 d,试验期28 d。结果显示:1)除Ⅲ组的平均日采食量显著低于Ⅱ组(P0.05)外,各组平均日增重和饲料转化率无显著差异(P0.05);2)对照组和Ⅲ组饲粮中性洗涤纤维的全肠表观消化率显著高于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组(P0.05),Ⅱ组饲粮粗灰分全肠表观消化率显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组(P0.05);3)试验结束时,Ⅲ组活体重显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P0.05),对照组热胴体重显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P0.05),Ⅲ组体长显著低于其他3组(P0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组大腿围显著低于Ⅱ组(P0.05)。结果表明,饲粮中添加6%~18%柚叶对生长肉兔的生长性能、饲粮养分全肠表观消化率和屠宰性能均无明显不利影响,但本试验中用量以12%为宜。     

发酵豆粕替代豆粕对鲤鱼生长性能和肠道组织结构的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵豆粕替代豆粕对鲤鱼生长性能和肠道组织结构的影响。选择初始均重为(49.44±0.38) g的鲤鱼720尾,随机分为3组,每组设3个重复,每个重复80尾鱼。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂豆粕含量为39%的基础饲料;Ⅱ和Ⅲ组为试验组,分别饲喂用发酵豆粕替代基础饲料中50%和100%豆粕的试验饲料。试验期为75 d。结果表明：1)发酵豆粕替代50%或100%的豆粕对鲤鱼的特定生长率和饲料系数均无显著影响(P>0.05),但在50%替代水平下鲤鱼的蛋白质效率显著提高( P<0.05)。2)发酵豆粕替代50%或100%的豆粕对鲤鱼的肥满度和内脏比无显著影响( P>0.05),但可使肝胰脏指数显著升高( P<0.05)。3)发酵豆粕替代50%或100%的豆粕对鲤鱼的肠长指数和中肠皱襞高度无显著影响( P>0.05),但在100%替代水平下鲤鱼的后肠皱襞高度显著升高( P<0.05)。4)电镜观察发现,豆粕组(Ⅰ组)鲤鱼的中肠和后肠均出现了轻微的病理性损伤,包括中肠出现少量上皮细胞脱落,固有层和黏膜下层中细胞成分增多,后肠上皮细胞纹状缘融合,杯状细胞减少;发酵豆粕组(Ⅲ组)的肠道组织结构比较正常。由此得出,发酵豆粕替代豆粕后对鲤鱼的生长性能没有明显的促进作用,但有利于保证肠道组织结构的正常。     

Utilization of Ensiled Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Leaves as a Protein Supplement in Diets for Growing Pigs

Four diets were formulated with protein from fishmeal (FM), groundnut cake (GC), ensiled sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)) leaves (SP) or ensiled sweet potato leaves with lysine (SPL). In experiment 1, 24 crossbred (Large White x Mong Cai) growing pigs were allocated randomly by sex into four groups of six pigs and given one of four diets. Experiment 2 was conducted using 16 crossbred pigs (Large White x Mong Cai) at four farms. On each farm, pigs were allocated to two experimental groups. One group was fed the FM diet and the other group the SPL diet. In experiment 1, the daily live weight gains (DLWG) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the FM and SPL treatments (542 and 536 g/day, respectively) than for the GC and SP treatments (464 and 482 g/day, respectively). Feed intake was highest (2.0 kg/day) for the SPL and lowest (1.7 kg/day) for the GC treatment (p < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was highest (3.8 kg/kg gain) for SP and lowest (3.5 kg/kg gain) for FM (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences for carcase measurements among diets (p > 0.05). The feed cost per kg live weight gain was lowest for the SP and SPL diets compared to the FM and GC diets. The results of experiment 2 show that there were no significant differences in feed intake, DLWG and FCR between the two diets (p > 0.05). In conclusion, sweet potato leaves can replace fishmeal and groundnut cake in traditional Vietnamese diets for growing pigs.     

酵母硒对高温环境下笼养育成蛋鸭生长性能和部分血液生化指标的影响

试验选用10周龄金定蛋鸭144只,研究在高温环境下（29~35℃）日粮中分别添加酵母硒（以硒量计）0（对照组）、0.15（处理Ⅰ组）、0.45（处理Ⅱ组）和0.75 mg/kg （处理Ⅲ组）对笼养育成蛋鸭（10~16周龄）生长性能和部分血液生化指标的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,日粮中添加酵母硒能显著增加14~16周龄育成鸭的平均日采食量（P<0.05）;处理Ⅰ组13~15周龄体重显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,第16周龄体重显著高于其他3组（P<0.05）,且与标准体重比较差异不显著（P>0.05）,其他3组均极显著低于标准体重（P<0.01）;4个组的料重比差异不显著（P>0.05）,但以处理Ⅰ组的最低;处理Ⅰ组的谷草转氨酶（AST）活性显著低于处理Ⅱ组（P<0.05）,3个处理组的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,且处理Ⅰ组的乳酸脱氢酶活性又显著低于处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（P<0.05）;处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ组血清总胆固醇（TCH）浓度显著高于处理Ⅲ组（P<0.05）。综合上述结果,高温环境下,在日粮中添加0.15 mg/kg的硒（以酵母硒的形式）可明显改善笼养育成蛋鸭的生长性能,保护肝脏功能,提高育成鸭血清总胆固醇含量。     

Effects of Selenium Yeast on Growth Performance and Some Blood Biochemical Indexes in Laying Ducks of Rearing Period in Cages under High Ambient Temperature

The study was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of selenium yeast(SeY, added as selenium content) on growth performance and some biochemical indexes in Jinding laying ducks under high temperature (29-35℃). 144 Jinding laying ducks of rearing period (10-16 weeks old) were divided into 4 groups, control group, experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ, supplemented with 0, 0.15, 0.45 and 0.75 mg/kg Se, respectively. The results showed that compared with the control group, the addition of SeY to the diets could significantly increase the average daily feed intakes (ADFI) of ducks at 14-16 weeks old (P<0.05); The body weights of ducks in group Ⅰ at 13-15 weeks old were significant higher than that in the control group (P<0.05),and the body weight at 16 weeks old was higher than the other three groups significantly (P<0.05),there was no significant difference between the body weight and standard body weight at 16 weeks old in group Ⅰ(P>0.05), but the body weights of other three groups were extremely significantly lower than the standard weight (P<0.01); There was no significant difference among the four groups for feed to gain ratios (F/G), while the group Ⅰ was the lowest; AST activities of group Ⅰ were significantly lower than group Ⅱ(P<0.05), LDH activities of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were lower than the control group significantly (P<0.05), and LDH activities of groupⅠ were lower than groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ significantly (P<0.05). TCH concentrations of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were higher than group Ⅲ significantly (P<0.05). It is concluded that the addition of 0.15 mg/kg of Se (added as SeY) could obviously improve the growth performance of the laying ducks in reared cages, protect the function of liver, promote the TCH concentrations of duck serum.     

饲粮添加包被蛋氨酸和包被叶酸对杜寒杂交二代公羔生长性能、养分消化代谢和瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加包被蛋氨酸（coated methionine,CM）和包被叶酸（coated folic acid,CFA）对杜寒杂交二代公羔生长性能、养分消化代谢及瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成的影响。采用2×2完全随机试验设计,试验因素为按照试验动物体重添加CFA（0 mg,CFA-或4 mg·（kg·d）^-1,CFA+）和CM（0 g,CM-或0.1 g·（kg·d）^-1,CM+）。将40只体重相近（（30.08±1.34）kg）的4月龄杜寒杂交二代公羔随机分为4组,分别饲喂基础日粮（CM-&CFA-）、基础日粮+CFA 4 mg·（kg·d）^-1（CM-&CFA+）、基础日粮+CM 0.1 g·（kg·d）^-1（CM+&CFA-）、基础日粮+CFA 4 mg·（kg·d）^-1+CM 0.1 g·（kg·d）^-1（CM+&CFA+）。试验期85 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期70 d,在试验期结束前10 d开展消化代谢试验。试验结果表明：1）饲粮添加CFA显著提高了1~30 d平均日增重和饲料转化率（P<0.05）,而添加CM仅显著提高了1~30 d饲料转化率（P=0.036）,对1~30 d平均日增重无显著影响（P>0.05）;饲粮中添加CFA、CM显著提高了杜寒杂交二代公羔31~60 d和1~60 d平均日增重及相应阶段饲料转化率（P<0.05）,二者对1~60 d饲料转化率具有显著互作效应（P=0.007）;2）饲粮添加CFA显著提高了干物质、有机物、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率（P<0.05）,饲粮添加CM有提高有机物表观消化率的趋势（P=0.066）及增加干物质消化率的趋势（P=0.095）,二者对养分消化率无显著互作效应（P>0.05）;3）饲粮添加CFA、CM显著降低了尿能排出量,显著提高了能量消化率和代谢率（P<0.05）;通过显著降低粪氮、尿氮及总排泄氮（P<0.05）,从而显著提高了氮的表观消化率和沉积氮水平（P<0.05）,且二者同时添加对减少氮排泄、提高氮消化率有显著互作效应（P<0.05）;4）饲粮添加CM、CFA显著提高嘌呤衍生物的尿排泄量,提高瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成量（P<0.05）。饲粮添加CM、CFA提高干物质和有机物表观消化率,改善总能消化率和代谢率,增加氮表观消化率和氮沉积量,促进杜寒杂交二代公羔的生长。