弯曲杆菌可以存在于家禽各器官中

弯曲杆菌污染是人类健康的一大威胁。通常认为该菌仅存在于肉鸡的胃肠道内。然而,美国的一项研究表明该菌也可以存在于其他内脏器官中,甚至存在于1日龄雏鸡体内。     

Mg dependence and other properties of fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase in various organs of cattle]

The properties of fructose-1.6-disphosphatase in supernatant of homogenate of liver, kidneys, and adductor muscles of cattle were tested. EDTA was found to activate the enzyme up to concentrations of 10 mMol. The pH optimum was 7.5 in the presence of EDTA. Even lower concentrations of magnesium ions caused activation of the enzyme, but an activating effect was obtained as well from relatively high Mg concentrations. Fructose-1.6-diphosphatase could by activated also by 0.2 mMol Mn or Co ions or 1 mMol Zn ions. Inhibitive action was obtained from Cu, Cd, Pb, and Hg ions. Microsomal fractions of cattle liver and kidney caused high activity of glucose-6-phosphatase, but only low action was obtained be using microsomal fractions of mesenteric mucous membrane or brain. Mg ions, basically, failed to trigger activation, and higher concentrations even caused inhibition. The relatively high activity of both fructose-1.6-diphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase in kidney of cattle appeared to suggest an involvement of those enzymes in gluconeogenesis.     

铅在猪不同组织和器官中的富集状态

本试验旨在研究饲料中铅含量与猪组织和器官中铅含量的关系,及铅在猪各组织和器官中的分布规律,为制定猪可食用器官中铅含量限量标准提供理论依据.将24头大约克夏仔猪随机分为4组,分别饲喂含铅量为0.398mg/kg(对照组),6.095 mg/kg(低剂量组),17.49 mg/kg(中剂量组),51.674 mg/kg(高剂量组)的饲料,持续喂养90 d,屠宰、取其心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、小肠、猪毛、猪皮、脂肪、猪血、骨髓、猪耳、猪舌、猪尾、里脊、臀尖、小排、后腿内,测定其中的铅含量.结果表明,随着饲料中铅含量的增加,猪体内各组织和器官中的铅含量均有不同程度的升高.对照组组织和器官中铅含量由高到低的次序为肾脏>脾脏>肝脏>毛发>其他组织和器官,其中肾脏、脾脏铅含量超标;3个给铅组组织和器官中铅含量由高到低的次序为骨髓>肾脏>脾脏>肝脏>毛发>猪尾>其他组织和器官;其中肾脏、脾脏、肝脏、猪尾均超标,但各组猪的肌肉、脂肪、猪皮、小肠等组织或器官中的铅含量较低,均符合国家标准<食品中污染物限量,GB 2762-2005>.表明随着饲料中铅含量的增加,猪组织和器官中铅的富集有所不同,其中骨髓、肝脏、肾脏和脾脏中的铅含量较高,猪皮、肌肉、脂肪、小肠、猪舌、猪心、猪肺等可食用组织和器官中铅的含量较低.     

Distribution of Brucella abortus in infected cattle

Experimentally and naturally infected cattle were examined bacteriologically to determine the anatomical distribution of specimens yielding Brucella abortus. In 91 experimentally infected pregnant cows, examined 3 to 4.5 months after conjunctival challenge during pregnancy, the most frequently infected specimen was the mammary (syn. supramammary) lymph node. All experimentally infected cows could be identified from cultures of the mammary, mandibular (syn. submaxillary), medial iliac, caudal superficial cervical (syn. prescapular) lymph nodes and uterine caruncles, cotyledons or foetal tissues. Forty-six naturally infected cows were examined and again the most frequently infected specimen was the mammary lymph node. All naturally infected cows could be identified from cultures of the mammary, parotid, mandibular and subiliac (syn. prefemoral) lymph nodes. The distribution of infected specimens was somewhat different in heifers. In 61 naturally infected heifers the most frequently infected specimen was the mandibular lymph node but 8 other specimens would have been required to enable identification of all infected heifers. Specimens from 3 infected bulls were cultured and 11 of the 12 specimens examined were infected in at least one of the bulls. The most frequently infected tissues were the mandibular, caudal superficial cervical, subiliac and scrotal lymph nodes. The results suggest which specimens should be selected for culture, particularly when only a limited amount of effort can be expended.     

Distribution of bovine virus diarrhoea viral antigens in the central nervous system of cattle with various congenital manifestations.

Distribution of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) antigens in the central nervous system (CNS) of 26 cattle persistently BVDV infected, 11 cattle with mucosal disease (MD), and 32 calves with congenital brain malformations was studied using monoclonal antibodies against BVDV epitopes. In persistently infected cattle and in cattle with MD, a widespread infection of neurons was present. Predilection sites for BVDV antigens were the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. In calves with congenital encephalopathies, viral antigen-containing neurons could only be detected in the CNS of four animals. From the topographical distribution of BVDV antigens in these four postnatal cases with end-stage lesions, no conclusions could be drawn concerning the pathogenesis of BVDV-induced encephalopathies.     

Comparison of various examination methods used in ovarian diagnostics in cattle

In this study diagnostic certainty of ultrasonography and rectal palpation concerning the detection of follicles and C.I. was compared by evaluation of the findings obtained with ultrasonography in waterbath and dissection of the ovaries after slaughter. Clinical examinations were performed on a total of 30 cows (transrectally and ultrasonographically, 5.0 mhz, linear) in slaughterhouse. In the laboratory ovaries were evaluated after slaughter both macroscopically and by ultrasonography in waterbath. Diagnostic reliabilities of these methods were compared. No difference between the methods was determined concerning the longitudinal measurements of corpora lutea (19.96 +/- 4.83 mm, 20.41 +/- 5.41 mm, 21.45 +/- 5.26 mm by ultrasonography, waterbath and macroscopy respectively). By means of determining the correct identification of corpora lutea, the error rate was 24.1% and 17.2% for rectal palpation and ultrasonography respectively. The comparison of rectal palpation and macroscopy showed that three small corpora lutea and two corpora lutea with small cavity were determined wrongly as small follicles and two corpora lutea were determined whereas they were not present actually. With ultrasonography four small C.I. could not be detected and one C.I. with cavity was wrongly determined as follicle. It was noticed that follicles bigger than 10 mm (F2 = 10-15 mm, F3 = 16-20 mm) could be determined more accurately by means of ultrasonography than by rectal palpation (with ultrasonography: F2 = 90.48%, F3 = 100.0%; with rectal palpation, F2 = 61.9%, F3 = 200.0%). The correlation of the findings of rectal palpation or ultrasonography and blood progesterone levels was 86.2% and 89.7% respectively. This accordance was 96.6% for progesterone levels and waterbath and macroscopic findings.     

1例转基因体细胞克隆牛主要脏器的组织病理学观察

在对1例死亡的转基因克隆牛进行病理解剖观察基础上,采用组织学常规石蜡切片-HE染色技术研究克隆牛心脏、肝脏、肺脏和肾脏的组织形态及变化.结果显示,克隆牛体格及脏器体积均偏大.心脏、肝脏出现代偿性增生和淤血,肺脏呈现典型的肺不张和严重局灶性肺气肿.组织学观察显示,心肌纤维拉长变细、横纹不清晰,部分核着色深,出现轻度颗粒变性;肝细胞有明显的脂肪变性、颗粒变性和缺血性病变.肺间质增宽、多个肺泡壁破裂融合,肺间质和肺泡壁毛细血管扩张充血;肾间质毛细血管淤血,近曲小管上皮细胞颗粒变性严重,上皮细胞发生肿胀、部分脱落至管腔.综合病理形态学观察结果显示,该例克隆牛为典型的生后肺不张导致的肺气肿继发其他脏器增生淤血,最后呼吸衰竭而死亡.