肠道细胞中铁、锌吸收与DMT-1相互关系的研究进展

铁、锌是动物重要的微量元素,对维持机体正常代谢起着关键的作用,其过量和缺乏都会对机体产生极大危害。本文综述了铁和锌吸收的相互作用、铁和锌吸收与DMT-1的相互关系以及影响铁锌吸收的其它因素,提出肠道细胞对铁、锌吸收的相互竞争,而这种竞争并非发生在DMT-1这一位点。     

添加不同水平锌、铁和钴对绵羊增重及体内代谢的影响

本文报道了添加不同水平锌、铁和钴对晋中绵羊增重和体内代谢影响的研究结果。试验组比对照组明显提高了绵羊的增重、肝脏和血浆中锌、铁和钴的含量 (P <0 0 1)。随着日粮中锌、铁和钴水平的增加 ,晋中绵羊日增重和肝脏、血浆中锌、铁和钴含量增加。试验组Ⅱ较试验组Ⅰ效果更好。本研究范围内日粮中添加锌 54mg/日·只、铁 6 7 5mg/日·只和钴 0 6 75mg/日·只时 ,饲喂效果好。     

补铁不要忽略锌

铁与锌都是影响人体健康的微量元素。在人体内,铁和锌虽然量很少,但对维持身体健康却至关重要。     

锌与动物营养

1　锌的存在锌是动物营养所必需的 ,正常动物体内锌的总含量约为 30 mg/kg,锌分布于机体所有组织中 ,是动物体内许多酶、蛋白质、核糖等的组分 ,具有多方面的生理功能 ,是动物生命活动不可缺少的元素。2　锌的代谢动物对锌的吸收部位主要在胃和小肠。锌的吸收强度受日粮中的锌含量、锌的化学添加形式以及日粮组成的影响。饲料中钙、磷、镁、铁、硒、钴、镉、植酸、纤维素等过多或饱和脂肪酸缺乏都能降低锌的吸收利用率。钙和锌具有颉颃作用 ,钙不仅直接或间接地影响锌的吸收 ,而且还影响锌在体内的分配。鸡和猪对锌需要量随日粮钙的提高而增…     

纳米氧化锌在养猪生产中的应用

锌是动物机体必需的微量元素之一,分布于机体的各组织器官中,参与多种酶的组成,在碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂类物质代谢中发挥着重要作用。仔猪高锌日粮具有促生长作用,但剂量过高也会对环境带来负面影响,同时高锌日粮还会降低钙、铁等元素的吸收利用,抑制机体免疫器官功能及导致生长受阻。而纳米氧化锌的诞生,为锌的高效利用提供了新思路。     

山东省奶牛常用饲料铜、锌、铁含量调查

对山东省常用奶牛饲料进行取样调查，采用原子吸收分光光度法测定其中的铜、锌、铁含量。试验结果表明：（1）不同地区同种饲料问铜、锌、铁的含量存在不同程度的差异，与国标也有一定差异；（2）分析当前山东省生产中奶牛常用的日粮模型中铜、铁、锌含量可知，铜和锌均表现出匮乏状态，但铁是否缺乏有待进一步验证；（3）须结合当地饲料中铜、锌、铁实际含量制定当地奶牛饲料配方。     

新颖的微量元素添加剂——缩氨酸铁

<正> 在畜禽饲料和水产饵料中常常要添加各种矿物质,其中铁是重要的微量元素之一。然而,平常使用的富马酸铁或硫酸亚铁等铁离子的大部分在消化道内与磷酸根、碳酸根等离子结合,生成不溶于水的沉淀物,随粪便排泄体外。铁必须在肠道内与缩氨酸等促进吸收的物质结合,才能被机体有效地吸收利用。但是,铁和缩氨酸在体内高比率的结合是十分困难的,因此铁的生物效价不高。     

微量元素相对生物学利用率的研究方法

有机微量元素具有多种优点,本文阐述了有关外源微量元素生物学利用率,回顾了微量元素不同添加方法的研究成果并进行比较。1影响动物对微量元素吸收的因素微量元素的吸收水平直接影响动物机体对微量元素的利用。如果饲喂量超过机体的代谢量,微量元素的吸收下降;如果饲喂量不足,机体则会提高对微量元素的吸收,这就说明机体自我平衡作用可以调节营养素的吸收。日粮总体消化率及各营养素间的相互作用均会影响矿物质吸收,这种相互作用包括协同作用(如铁和维生素C)和拮抗作用(如钙和锌,铜和钼、硫)。动物种类、品种、年龄、性别等也会影响微量元…     

“锌”缺乏症漫谈

锌在动物体内的含量仅次于铁，在雄性动物对锌的需要量还超过铁，锌是100多种酶的构成成分，同时锌是许多金属酶的活化剂，控制着各种代谢过程，特别是对蛋白质、糖和脂肪的代谢过程，以及核酸的合成和降解起着关键作用。由此可见，机体锌缺乏时，由于含锌酶和需锌酶的活性降低，干扰机体正常的代谢，生长发育，内分泌及免疫等生理生化机能，从而导致人和动物发生一系列的病理变化。     

瘦猪肉是人体铁、锌的重要来源

目前人类大多数食品中,铁与锌的含量均不足.而瘦猪肉中所含铁、锌,与人体内所固有者非常相似,易为机体所吸收利用,故比植物中所含铁、锌优越。将瘦猪肉与鱼、禽肉的含铁、锌量作比较,结果是前者的含铁、锌量均高出后者二倍以上.     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。