复方中西药对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效

采用试管肉汤两倍稀释法,测得复方中药、恩诺沙星对鸡大肠杆菌(O78 血清型)的最小抑菌浓度分别是 16　mg/mL、0.125　μg/mL。复方中药水煎后,配成每 1　L 饮水中含 4　g 中药 80　mg 恩诺沙星、2　g 中药 40　mg 恩诺沙星、1　g 中药 20　mg 恩诺沙星的药液,给人工诱发大肠杆菌病鸡饮用,连用 3 天。各组的治愈率分别为 97.5%、92.5%和 72.5%,相对增重率分别为 93.8%、87.3%和 89.5%。复方中药与恩诺沙星合用,具有协同作用。     

头孢噻呋与恩诺沙星联用体外抗菌活性研究

采用两倍稀释法、棋盘法测定头孢噻呋、恩诺沙星以及两者联用对鸡大肠杆菌标准株、临床分离株和鸡链球菌标准株、临床分离株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值。结果显示:单方头孢噻呋对五菌株的MIC值介于1～32μg/ml之间,恩诺沙星的MIC值介于0.5～64μg/ml之间,且两药对临床分离株的抗菌活性均明显较标准株低。两药联用对鸡大肠杆菌标准株和临床分离不产酶株、鸡链球菌标准株的部分抑菌浓度(FIC)指数均为0.75,呈现相加作用;对鸡大肠杆菌临床分离产酶株和鸡链球菌临床分离株的FIC指数为1.5,呈现无关作用,但头孢噻呋联用MIC值仅为单方的1/2。     

磺胺间甲氧嘧啶与恩诺沙星联合用药对黄羽肉鸡常见病原菌的药敏试验

采用磺胺间甲氧嘧啶（SMM）与恩诺沙星（EFs）联合用药对黄羽肉鸡常见病原菌大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和禽多杀性巴氏杆菌进行了体外药物敏感性试验。结果表明,SMM对3种病原菌的MIC值分别为256、1 024、256μg/m L;EFs对3种病原菌的MIC值分别为32、16、2μg/m L。SMM与EFs联合药敏试验结果表明对大肠杆菌和禽多杀性巴氏杆菌呈现协同作用,对沙门氏菌呈现相加作用。     

恩诺沙星与磺胺间甲氧嘧啶联合药敏试验

为研究氟喹诺酮类药物和磺胺类药物在治疗鸡大肠杆菌病时的相互作用,本试验采用肉汤稀释棋盘法,用恩诺沙星和磺胺间甲氧嘧啶对鸡致病性大肠杆菌进行了体外联合药敏试验。单药恩诺沙星和磺胺间甲氧嘧啶的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为32、256μg／mL;联合用药的MIC分别为8μg／mL和32μg／mL,经计算FIC指数为0．375。结果表明,恩诺沙星与磺胺间甲氧嘧啶联合用药对大肠杆菌呈现协同抗菌作用。     

复方恩诺沙星可溶性粉对畜禽主要致病菌的体外抑菌效果

采用纸片扩散法(K-B法)测定复方恩诺沙星可溶性粉对畜禽主要致病菌的敏感性,采用试管倍比稀释法测定复方恩诺沙星可溶性粉对畜禽主要致病菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果表明,病原性大肠埃希菌、绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鸡巴氏杆菌、猪巴氏杆菌和链球菌对复方恩诺沙星可溶性粉敏感,复方恩诺沙星可溶性粉对畜禽主要致病菌的MIC为0.0279μg/mL~3.575μg/mL,MBC为0.055μg/mL~7.11μg/mL。     

呼舒对鸡大肠杆菌和霉形体混合感染的药效试验

采用试管两倍稀释法测定制剂呼舒及对照药恩诺沙星对大肠杆菌O2及鸡败血霉形体S6毒株的体外抗菌活性。结果表明呼舒和恩诺沙星对大肠杆菌O2的MIC值分别为0.0625μg/ml和0.25μg/ml，对鸡败血霉形体S6的MIC值分别为0.03μg/ml和0.12μg/ml，二者相比，呼舒较恩诺沙星的体外抗菌活性强。呼舒对人工感染大肠杆菌和霉形体混合感染有较好的疗效，可显著降低病鸡的死亡率、气囊病变率和抗体反应阳性率，提高增重，且疗效优于恩诺沙星。     

恩诺沙星与乙酰甲喹联用体外抗菌活性研究

为考察恩诺沙星与乙酰甲喹的联合抗菌活性,采用肉汤稀释棋盘法测定了恩诺沙星与乙酰甲喹单用及联用对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌临床菌株的体外抗菌活性。结果显示:恩诺沙星与乙酰甲喹单独使用对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为8μg/m L和32μg/m L,对沙门氏菌的最小抑菌浓度为16μg/m L和256μg/m L。两药联用对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的FIC指数为0.5和0.75,分别表现为协同作用和相加作用。试验表明,恩诺沙星与乙酰甲喹联用可以增强对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌感染的治疗效果。     

随机扩增多态性DNA技术对绿色气球菌的相关性分析

为考察恩诺沙星与乙酰甲喹的联合抗菌活性,采用肉汤稀释棋盘法测定了恩诺沙星与乙酰甲喹单用及联用对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌临床菌株的体外抗菌活性。结果显示:恩诺沙星与乙酰甲喹单独使用对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为8μg/m L和32μg/m L,对沙门氏菌的最小抑菌浓度为16μg/m L和256μg/m L。两药联用对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的FIC指数为0.5和0.75,分别表现为协同作用和相加作用。试验表明,恩诺沙星与乙酰甲喹联用可以增强对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌感染的治疗效果。     

防治鸡大肠杆菌病中药组方的筛选

通过体外抑菌试验对防治鸡大肠杆菌病的4组中药组方进行筛选,从中筛选出防治效果较好的中药组方。结果表明:O_1、O_2、O_(35)、O_(137)型鸡大肠杆菌对药方2高敏,对其他3个药方中敏。药方2与其他3个组方有极显著性差异(P0.01);其中药方2对O_1、O_2、O_35、O_137 4型鸡大肠杆菌的MBC分别为0.5g/mL、0.5g/mL、0.5g/mL、ND(未测出),MIC分别为0.25g/mL、0.125g/mL、0.125g/mL、0.25g/mL;药方1对O_1、O_2、O_35、O_1374型鸡大肠杆菌的MBC分别为ND、0.5g/mL、0.5g/mL、ND,MIC分别为0.5g/mL、0.25g/mL、0.25g/mL、0.25g/mL;药方3对O_1、O_2、O_35、O_137 4型鸡大肠杆菌的MBC分别为0.5g/mL、0.5g/mL、0.5g/mL、ND,MIC分别为0.25g/mL、0.25g/mL、0.125g/mL、0.25g/mL;药方4对O_1、O_2、O_35、O_(137) 4型鸡大肠杆菌的MBC均未测出,MIC分别为0.25g/mL、0.25g/mL、0.25g/mL、0.25g/mL。根据体外抑菌试验结果认为,药方2是防治鸡大肠杆菌病较为有效的中药组方。     

复方盐酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉对实验性鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

采用10%复方盐酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉对人工诱发的鸡大肠杆菌病进行疗效试验。结果表明：10%复方盐酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉其剂量分别为0.6 g/L、0.4 g/L0、.2 g/L时能有效控制鸡大肠杆菌感染,缓解症状,降低对人工诱发的鸡大肠杆菌病的发病率,效果优于单方的恩诺沙星。临床应用10%复方盐酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉按每1 L水0.4 g混饮,连用4 d,对鸡大肠杆菌病有良好的治疗效果。     

HPLC法测定徐长卿中绿原酸的含量

建立HPLC法测定徐长卿中绿原酸的含量。采用索氏提取法以70％的甲醇水溶液为提取剂对徐长卿中的绿原酸进行提取。在SHIMADZU C18色谱柱（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）,流动相乙腈-0．5％磷酸水溶液（1：9,V/V）;流速1．0mL/min;柱温25℃;检测波长327nm的条件下进行检测。结果表明,绿原酸在0．232—4．640μg范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,r=0．9997。平均回收率为99．32％,RSD为0．216％（n=5）。该方法简便、可靠、重现性好,可作为徐长卿中绿原酸含量测定的方法。     

谷氨酰胺及其二肽对过氧化氢诱导山羊瘤胃上皮细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因表达的影响

本试验通过建立过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导山羊瘤胃上皮传代细胞凋亡模型,研究谷氨酰胺(Gln)、甘氨酰谷氨酰胺(Gly-Gln)和丙氨酰谷氨酰胺(Ala-Gln)对凋亡细胞的凋亡率及Bcl-2、Bax基因表达量的影响。选用60日龄湘东黑山羊的瘤胃上皮传代细胞,采用不同浓度[0(对照组)、100、400、800μmol/L]的H2O2培养细胞,应用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况。传代瘤胃上皮细胞分为5组,对照组和1组分别添加0、800μmol/L H2O2,2组、3组、4组均添加800μmol/L H2O2,同时分别添加17.28 mmol/L Gly-Gln(2组)、16.0 mmol/L Gln(3组)、16.0 mmol/L AlaGln(4组),应用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况,同时采用实时荧光定量PCR(FQ-PCR)法检测细胞Bcl-2、Bax基因表达量。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,当H2O2浓度增加到800μmol/L时,早期凋亡的凋亡率显著增加(P0.05),而晚期凋亡的凋亡率随着H2O2浓度的增加呈现增加后减少的趋势,但相对于对照组,都呈显著增加(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,4组晚期凋亡的凋亡率显著增加(P0.05),试验组早期凋亡的凋亡率均显著增加(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验组Bcl-2/Bax均显著增加(P0.05);与1组相比,2组、3组和4组Bcl-2/Bax均显著增加(P0.05),且2组显著高于3组、4组(P0.05)。综合得出,Gly-Gln对H2O2引起山羊瘤胃上皮细胞早期凋亡具有一定的保护作用。     

Effects of hydromorphone or oxymorphone, with or without acepromazine, on preanesthetic sedation, physiologic values, and histamine release in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To compare hydromorphone with oxymorphone, with or without acepromazine, for preanesthetic sedation in dogs and assess changes in plasma concentration of histamine after drug administration. DESIGN: Randomized clinical study. ANIMALS: 10 healthy mixed-breed dogs. PROCEDURE: Dogs were treated IM with hydromorphone (group H), oxymorphone (group O), hydromorphone with acepromazine (group H/A), or oxymorphone with acepromazine (group O/A). Sedation score, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were recorded at baseline immediately after drug administration (T0) and every 5 minutes for 25 minutes (T25). Plasma histamine concentration was measured at baseline and T25. RESULTS: Sedation was similar between groups H and 0 at all times. Sedation was significantly greater for groups H/A and O/A from T10 to T25, compared with other groups. Systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced at T25 in group H/A, compared with group H, and in group O/A, compared with group O. Prevalence of panting at T25 was 50% for groups H and O, compared with 20% for group H/A and 30% for group O/A. By T25, heart rate was significantly lower in all groups. Oxygen saturation was unaffected by treatment. Mean +/- SD plasma histamine concentration was 1.72 +/- 2.69 ng/ml at baseline and 1.13 +/- 1.18 ng/ml at T25. There was no significant change in plasma histamine concentration in any group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Hydromorphone is comparable to oxymorphone for preanesthetic sedation in dogs. Sedation is enhanced by acepromazine. Neither hydromorphone nor oxymorphone caused an increase in plasma histamine concentration.     

过氧化氢诱导斜带石斑鱼原代肝细胞氧化损伤模型的构建

本试验以斜带石斑鱼原代培养肝细胞为研究对象,以过氧化氢为刺激源,以肝细胞存活率和抗氧化指标的变化为判断指标,旨在建立稳定的斜带石斑鱼原代肝细胞氧化损伤模型。在原代肝细胞培养液中分别添加0(对照)、100、200、400、600、800和1 000μmol/L过氧化氢,使之分别作用2、4、6、8、12和24 h,共42组,每组10个重复,测定肝细胞存活率。在得出适宜过氧化氢作用时间的基础上,使每个浓度的过氧化氢(每个过氧化氢浓度设6个重复)作用于肝细胞适宜时间后,收集肝细胞和培养液测定抗氧化指标,筛选使肝细胞发生氧化损伤的适宜过氧化氢作用浓度。结果显示:800μmol/L过氧化氢作用肝细胞8 h,斜带石斑鱼肝细胞的存活率降低至61.98%;800和1 000μmol/L组与其他各组相比,肝细胞超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(600μmol/L组除外)和过氧化氢酶活性显著降低(P0.05),丙二醛与脂质过氧化物含量显著升高(P0.05),但800和1 000μmol/L组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。以上结果表明,过氧化氢作用浓度为800μmol/L、作用时间为8 h,可作为建立斜带石斑鱼肝细胞氧化损伤模型的适宜条件。     

Evaluation of the effect of pleural effusion on central venous pressure in cats

This study was undertaken to determine if pleural effusion (PEF) increases central venous pressure (CVP) in cats, to define any relationship between volume of PEF and CVP and to ascertain the significance of CVP alterations in cats having PEF and suspected right heart failure (RHF). CVP was measured from a jugular vein before (CVPpre) and after (CVPpost) bilateral thoracentesis in 9 cats with naturally occurring PEF and under experimental conditions in 3 spontaneously breathing anesthetized cats receiving graded intrathoracic infusion of saline. Volumes of introduced and recovered fluid were recorded. A significant decrease occurred in CVP after thoracentesis in cats with naturally occurring PEF (mean difference, 4.5 cm H2O; range, 0-7.0 cm H2O, P < .005). The magnitude of change in CVP was constant (r = 0.36, P > .05) over the range of volumes recovered (range, 95-450 mL or 16.4-90 mL/kg). Five cats had CVPpre suggestive of RHF (range, 8.16-20.4 cm H2O). After thoracentesis, RHF was ruled out in 1 cat (CVPpost, 4.08 cm H2O) and the CVP declined but remained abnormally high (9.52 cm H2O) in 1 cat with a mediastinal mass. In 2 cats with confirmed RHF (CVPpre, 20.4 and 16.3 cm H2O), CVP decreased after thoracentesis but remained abnormally high (CVPpost, 14.96 and 10.88 cm H2O). In 1 cat with noncardiogenic PEF and inadequate removal of fluid, CVPpost (8.16 cm H2O) did not decrease. Experimentally, a positive linear relationship was observed between CVP and volume of PEF. The threshold volume required to increase CVP (17 mL/kg) approximated that suggested by clinical observation (22 mL/kg). PEF increases CVP and can cause abnormally high CVP in the absence of RHF.     

Serotypes and anti-microbial susceptibility of Plesiomonas shigelloides isolates from humans, animals and aquatic environments in different countries

A total of 73 strains of Plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from humans (24 strains) animals (21 strains) and aquatic environment (28 strains) were determined for their O:H serotype and susceptibility to 18 anti-microbial substances and to the vibriostatic agent O/129. Of all strains, 86.3% were typeable by the O and 94.5% by the H anti-sera used. The serotype distribution was heterogeneous within a country and between the countries. Of the 57 different serotypes identified, O11:H2 (2 strains), O22:H3 (4 strains), O35:HH11 (2 strains), O52:H3 (2 strains) and O90:H6 (2 strains) were found among isolates from humans and animals (mainly in cats) in Finland and Cuba, and O23:H1a1b (3 strains) among isolates from environmental sources in Slovak Republic and Italy. Most (93-100%) of all strains were susceptible to all anti-microbials tested but resistant (92-96%) to the broad-spectrum penicillins (ampicillin, mezlocillin). No correlation between anti-microbial resistance patterns and serotypes was found.     

Study on Seasonal Impact to the Distribution of Bovine E.coli O157: H7 in Xinjiang

To study the impact of season to the distribution of bovine E.coli O157:H7,samples of anus swabs (399),feces (68),water (29) and feed (43) were collected in the spring, summer,autumn and winter from A,B and C farms of Xinjiang. After enrichment by EC broth, SMAC and MUG selective culture were then performed. Finally,PCR was used for identification and virulence gene detection of isolated strains. A total of 5 E.coli O157:H7 strains were isolated from 539 samples from three farms (0.93%,5/539), 2 of them were from spring (1.44%,2/139),1 from autumn(0.56%,1/180),2 from winter (1.38%,2/145) and no strains were isolated from summer samples. One strain were isolated from anus swab samples in farm B (0.69%,1/145) and one were isolated from anus swabs (0.66%,1/152) and three strains were isolated from feed samples in farm C (20.00%,3/15),and no target strains were isolated from water samples. The distribution of bovine E. coli O157:H7 had obvious seasonal characteristics.One E.coli O157:H7 strain of farm B was isolated from autumn and four of farm C were from isolated spring (2 strain) and winter (2 strain),and the isolation rate of E. coli O157:H7 in spring and winter were higher than that in summer and autumn. In conclusion,under the special climate characteristics and feeding mode in Xinjiang,to prevent and control the spreading of E. coli O157:H7 of cattle,we must pay great attention on hygiene management of pens at cold season, specially avoiding the feed contaminated by feces.     

大肠杆菌O157∶H7实时定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank公布的大肠杆菌O157∶H7的Flic(H7)基因序列进行同源性比较分析,选择保守序列设计一对特异性扩增引物,通过优化反应条件,建立一个用于大肠杆菌O157∶H7快速定量检测的实时定量PCR方法。该方法的最低检测极限是103CFU/mL,敏感性比常规PCR提高10倍。方法重复性好、特异性强,重复性检测的变异系数均小于2%;只能检测大肠杆菌O157∶H7,对非大肠杆菌O157∶H7血清型细菌、猪链球菌2型、副猪嗜血杆菌无反应。利用此方法对模拟样本进行定量检测,其结果与平板细菌计数基本一致,表明此方法可作为大肠杆菌O157∶H7快速诊断和疫情监测的一种快速、准确、简便的检测工具。     

Human chorionic gonadotropin influences ovarian function and concentrations of progesterone in prepubertal Angus heifers

The effects of administering hCG on subsequent ovarian structure dynamics and concentrations of progesterone in prepubertal heifers were evaluated. Forty-seven purebred Angus heifers were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) 100 μg of injection of GnRH (GnRH; n = 16); 2) 1,000 IU injection of hCG (H1000; n = 16); and 3) 500-IU injection of hCG (H500; n = 15). From d -1 to 9 relative to treatment (d 0), daily blood samples were collected to determine concentrations of progesterone and ovaries of each heifer were examined daily by transrectal ultrasonography. Diameter of all follicles ≥ 4 mm and all luteal structures were mapped. Disappearance of the largest follicle occurred within 2 d in a greater percentage (P < 0.05) of all heifers in the H1000 treatment (87.5%) compared with GnRH heifers (43.8%), whereas H500 heifers (73.7%) were intermediate. A new luteal structure formed after follicle disappearance in a greater (P < 0.05) percentage of all heifers treated with H1000 (87.5%) and H500 (73.7%) heifers compared with that in GnRH-treated heifers (18.8%). The largest follicle present in ovaries of H1000 and H500 heifers was smaller (P < 0.05) than that of GnRH heifers from d 2 to 5. Heifers treated with H1000 (1.72 ± 0.19 ng/mL) had peak concentrations of progesterone on d 6 that were greater (P < 0.05) than H500 heifers (1.34 ± 0.20 ng/mL), which were greater than heifers treated with GnRH (0.31 ± 0.19 ng/mL). The mean volume of luteal tissue was greater (P < 0.05) in H1000 heifers (1.54 ± 0.15 cm(3)) than in H500 heifers (1.15 ± 0.15 cm(3)), which was greater (P < 0.05) than in heifers treated with GnRH (0.23 ± 0.15 cm(3)). We conclude that hCG was more effective than GnRH in its ability to cause disappearance of the largest follicle, increase volume of luteal tissue in the subsequent developing luteal structures, and increase concentrations of progesterone in prepubertal heifers. In addition, hCG seems to be more effective when administered at 1,000 IU than at 500 IU.     

维生素C对红细胞氧化损伤保护作用研究

为了利用血红蛋白释放试验(HRT)检测生理浓度维生素C(VC)对生理浓度过氧化氢(H2O2)氧化损伤后红细胞的保护作用,用终浓度为0、0.15、0.3、0.4、0.6、0.7、0.85mmol/L的VC溶液处理红细胞悬液并进行HRT。再分别用0、1.25、2.50、3.75、5.00mL/L的H2O2溶液处理0.4mmol/L VC作用后红细胞悬液(VC保护组)和VC未作用的红细胞悬液(对照组),测定红细胞相对溶解度。结果表明,VC达到生理浓度时,血红蛋白再释放量逐渐减弱;VC保护组红细胞相对溶解度与对照组差别不大。说明生理浓度的VC能减弱HRT的血红蛋白再释放,降低红细胞破膜率,但不能显著降低H2O2对细胞膜的氧化损伤。