华南地区5种边坡绿化植物的抗旱性研究

以5种边坡绿化植物为研究对象，通过盆栽控水试验，观测其形态指标和叶片相对含水量、相对电导率、丙二醛、脯氨酸等生理生化指标含量变化，利用多指标综合评价的隶属函数值法进行抗旱性综合评价。5种植物的抗旱性表现从强到弱依次为软枝黄蝉Allamanda cathartica、长隔木Hamelia patens、粉花夹竹桃Nerium oleander ‘Nanum’、地果Ficus tikoua、冬红Holmskioldia sanguinea。建议以5种植物的抗旱性、生长特性和景观价值为依据，进行边坡绿化植物配置和养护管理。     

8 个朱顶红品种在深圳地区的引种试验

朱顶红 Hippeastrum striatum 是石蒜科球根花卉，具有较高观赏价值和经济效益。对引种的‘阿米哥’等 8 个朱顶红品种进行了一年的生长及适应性观测，筛选出‘阿米哥’‘合唱团’‘花孔雀’3 种较适宜深圳气候的品种，进一步研究其开花习性和主要观赏性状。结果表明，3 个品种都是大花品种，可观赏时间都比较长，分别达到 27、24 和 25 d。但在叶片和花葶性状、花期、花部性状及可观赏时间等有一定差异，应用时应予以统筹考虑。推荐‘阿米哥’和‘合唱团’以盆花和城市园林等形式应用，推荐‘花孔雀’以切花形式应用。     

丰花月季新品种——‘深圳红’的栽培管理及园林应用

深圳红’月季Rosa ‘Shenzhen Red’为2019年丰花月季新品，在深圳地区的栽培试验及应用实践表明：通过对水肥、病虫害、修剪，以及度夏等关键环节上实施有效的管理策略，‘深圳红’月季各项园艺指标优异，抗性特征良好，能安全度夏，在圳地区的适应性强；在园林应用探索中，以其为主体花卉，通过花坛、花带、花境等园林应用形式得到了出色的表现。     

河南省紫荆品种资源调查

首次对河南省紫荆Cercis chinensis Bunge品种资源进行了调查研究。其结果表明,河南紫荆有5个品种:1‘小果’毛紫荆C.chinensis Bunge‘Xiaoguo’,cv.nov.;2‘大果’毛紫荆C.chinensis Bunge‘Daguo’,cv.nov.;3‘二季花’紫荆C.chinensis Bunge‘Ejihua’,cv.nov.;4‘白花’紫荆C.chinensis Bunge‘Alba’,cv.comb.nov.;5‘金帆’紫荆C.chinensis Bunge‘Jinfan’。同时,记述其主要形态特征要点,为其开发利用提供了可靠的科学依椐。     

利用PMI选择标记进行杨树转基因体系的研究

[目的]利用不同于抗生素的PMI为选择标记基因的遗传转化体系,对杨树进行双抗虫基因(Bt和CpTI)的转基因研究.建立杨树以PMI为安全标记基因的转基因体系,为安全、高效的林木转基因育种研究提供实验依据.[方法]选择已有的转CpTI抗虫基因(利用Km^r选择标记获得)的美洲黑杨杂种优良无性系南林895杨(Populus ×euramericana ‘Nanlin895’)为受体材料,对杨树叶片、叶片分化芽、茎段生根的甘露糖敏感性等筛选优化,采用农杆菌介导的方法进行双抗虫基因的研究.[结果]较为适合的杨树叶片筛选培养基为:甘露糖8 g·L^-1和蔗糖22 g·L^-1;叶片分化芽筛选培养基为:甘露糖10 g·L^-1和蔗糖20 g·L^-1;茎段生根筛选培养基:甘露糖8 g·L^-1和蔗糖22 g·L^-1.在此基础上,获得了转Bt和CpTI双抗虫基因的植株8株.[结论]初步建立了以PMI为安全标记基因的杨树转基因体系:确定了PMI筛选的最适选择压,成功构建了含PMI选择标记基因的植物抗虫表达载体,通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化最终获得了转双抗虫基因植株.     

广州市垂直绿化植物资源调查与应用现状分析

对广州市越秀、天河、荔湾和海珠 4 个区 106 个样点的立体绿化情况进行调查与统计分析,得到共有 80 个样点应用了立体绿化景观,立体绿化应用率为 75.47%,其中天河区的应用率最高,为 88.46%,荔湾区的应用率最低,为 66.67%。应用植物种类共 42 科 72 属 86 种,包括草本植物 45 种,木本植物 24 种,藤本植物 17 种,种数应用最多的科是天南星科和百合科,使用频率较高的种是鹅掌藤 Heptapleurum arboricola、光叶子花 Bougainvillea glabra、肾蕨 Nephrolepis cordifolia、使君子 Quisqualis indica 和绿萝Epipremnum aureum 等,植物种类应用较为集中、单一。立体绿化景观设计类型以棚架、桥体和墙面绿化为主,立柱和斜坡绿化较少;植物栽培形式主要有绿篱式、悬挂式、攀爬式、模块式等。     

深圳市花城建设背景下公园植物应用探讨

对深圳市2021年新建的29个公园植物种类进行调查，结果显示，新建公园中应用的园林植物种类达 345 种，隶属于91 科 251 属。其中，应用频度最高的乔木、灌木、草本、藤本分别为紫花风铃木Handroanthus impetiginosus与黄花风铃木Handroanthus chrysanthus，朱槿Hibiscus rosa-sinensis与光叶子花Bougainvillea glabra，翠芦莉Ruellia simplex和非洲凌霄Podranea ricasoliana。对公园中山石、水体、建筑、园路和广场5种景观空间中的典型植物群落配置情况进行分析，总结植物配置与应用的特点。与已有深圳市优秀成熟公园的植物群落相比，新建公园的观花率上升，植物种类与色彩增加，绿化管养趋于精细化、园艺技术提升等，但存在“重观赏效果，轻功能考量”的问题。最后提出公园建设可持续发展建议，如增加林荫树和乡土植物，注重场所化和人性化的设计等。     

三角梅绿色嫩梢的花泥扦插繁殖技术初探

为了解决三角梅 Bougainvillea spp.新优品种繁殖难题，利用花泥进行6个品种的绿色嫩梢扦插繁殖试验。结果表明：花泥基质和泥炭+珍珠岩（1︰1）基质中的绿色嫩梢的生根率没有显著差异，但均极显著高于珍珠岩和木屑基质中的。IBA处理对绿色嫩梢扦插有明显促根作用，浓度可用100～300 mg/L。不同品种间扦插生根有显著差别，‘塔紫’生根率最高（100%），其后依次为‘斑叶塔紫’（95.0%）、‘樱花’（72.0%）、‘金边大红’（71.0%）、‘银边浅紫’（61.0%）和‘金心双色’（54.0%）。扦插时间宜选择在6月底至8月初，该时段的扦插生根率极显著高于10月中旬。花泥扦插生根苗的移栽成活率为100%。     

杨树伐桩嫁接与植苗林的生长及碳储量的比较

The leaf nutrient, biomass and carbon reserve of 9-year-old Populus×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’ stump grafting stand with 26-year-old P.×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’as rootstock, 26-year-old P.×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’ and 9-year-old P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’ planting stands were compared. The result showed that the average increment and the annual average increment of stump grafting stand were greater than the two planting stands. The total nitrogen content in leaves of stump grafting stand was the highest, and it was 1.26 times and 1.05 times as much as that of the planting stands of Populus×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’ and P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’ separately. The total phosphorus content of stump grafting stand was 1.3 times as much as that of planting stand of 26-year-old P.×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’, but there was little difference between stump graftin stand and planting stand of 9-year-old P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’. The total potassium of stump grafting stand was 46.6% and 95.8% lesser than that of the planting stands of P.×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’ and P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’. The biomass of aerial parts and the biomasses of trunk, branches and leaves of stump grafting stand were 1.84, 1.80, 1.76, and 3.00 times as much as that of planting stand of P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’ separately. The total root biomass of the stump grafting stand was 1.42 times and 7.68 times as much as that of planting stands of 26-year-old P.×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’ and 9-year-old P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’. There was an obvious advantage in carbon reserve from all the parts of the stump grafting stand and the carbon sequestration capacity was the highest, which was 2.66 times and 1.62 times as much as that of planting stands of 26-year-old P.×xiaozhuanica W.Y.Hsu et Liang cv.‘Popularis’ and 9-year-old P.×euramericana cv. ‘74/76’. These showed that the stump grafting stand had more advantages than planting stands.     

无患子天然居群遗传多样性研究

[目的]通过我国无患子主要分布区的居群样本,研究无患子天然居群的遗传多样性和遗传结构.[方法]采用ISSR分子标记技术,利用12条ISSR引物分析18个天然居群的265株个体样本.[结果]表明无患子遗传多样性水平较高,物种和居群水平上的多态位点百分率 (PPB)分别为95.37%和57.82%,Shannon's信息指数(I)分别为0.256 9和0.199 8,Nei's遗传多样性指数(H)分别为0.390 9和0.298 0.AMOVA分析表明,18个居群间出现一定程度的遗传分化,且遗传变异主要发生在居群内.UPGMA聚类和Mantel检验结果表明,18个天然居群可分为2大组群,且居群间的地理距离与遗传距离之间不存在显著相关性(r=0.066 7,P=0.541 7>0.05).[结论]无患子以自交为主,其天然居群遗传多样性丰富,居群内的遗传多样性高于居群间.研究结果可为无患子育种策略的科学制定和种质资源的有效保护及利用提供理论依据.     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.