Ammonium-nitrogen in green river formation oil shale

It has been assumed that all of the nitrogen in oil shale from the Green River Formation is present as organic nitrogen and that the nitrogen in spent shale from retorting is present in the char or coke. In fact, from 41 to 84 percent of the nitrogen is present as ammonium fixed within silicate minerals in five samples of raw oil shale and between 46 and 69 percent of the nitrogen is similarly fixed in two samples of spent shale. Both organic nitrogen and fixed ammonium-nitrogen are lost during retorting by the Fischer assay procedure; the loss of organic nitrogen is greater.     

Isoprenoid and dicarboxylic acids isolated from colorado green river shale (eocene)

Isolation of the C(9) and C(10) isoprenoid carboxylic acids, the C(12) to C(18)alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acids, and the 2-methyl 1,n-dicarboxylic acids (n is 13, 15, and 16) from organic extract of the Colorado Green River shale (Eocene) is reported. Separation was achieved by column and gas-liquid chromatographic techniques and structural identification of individual components, by mass spectrometry.     

Isoprenoid Fatty acids isolated from the kerogen matrix of the green river formation (eocene)

Demineralized oil shale was oxidized with chromic acid, and C(14) to C(22) isoprenoid fatty acids were isolated and identified. The major components of the branched-chain acid fraction after successive 3-, 6-, and 15-hour oxidations are C(15) and C(16) branched-chain acids; C(17), C(19) (norphytanic acid), and C(20) (phytanic acid) were obtained in lower concentration; no C(18) product was obtained. Separations were effected by column and gas-liquid chromatography, and the structures of individual components were determined by high- and low-resolution mass spectrometry.     

Acidic components of green river shale identified by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-computer system

A system consisting of a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer and computer has been used to characterize the extractable acidic components of Green River shale. This system accumulates mass spectra at every point of the gas chromatogram in a permanent form which permits one to observe mass spectra of minor as well as major constituents. One minor component, whose identification was confirmed by synthesis, was 6,10,14-trimethyl-pentadecanoic acid.     

Fatty alcohols (normal and isoprenoid) in sediments

Normal long-chain alcohols were isolated from Recent marine sediments from several environments. The isoprenoid alcohol dihydrophytol, which is thought to originate from phytol, the side chain of chlorophyll, by hydrogenation in the reducing environment of the sediment, was also present in most of the samples. Both the normal and isoprenoid alcohols were found in the Green River shale (Eocene). Geochemical implications are considered.     

Branched-chain Fatty acids in sediments

Branched-chain (iso and anteiso) fatty acids were isolated from marine sediments from several environments. The relatively high ratio of branched-chain to straight-chain fatty acids for the even-numbered carbon molecules suggests a bacterial origin for the branched-chain isomers. The branched-chain fatty acids are present in the Green River shale. Possible geochemical implications are suggested.     

滩羊脂肪中脂肪酸组成的研究

肉羊体脂脂肪酸是影响肉品风味和膻味的重要因素之一。利用HP6890型气相色谱仪,对2个年龄阶段滩羊的肾脏脂肪、背膘脂肪和尾部脂肪做了测定,分析了滩羊的三个不同部位脂肪组织中的脂肪酸组成及其特点,以及决定滩羊肉脂肪组织风味的主要因素。从分析结果中可知,滩羊脂肪中主要脂肪酸组成即豆寇酸(14:0)、软脂酸(16:0)、硬脂酸(18:0)、油酸(18:1)、亚油酸(18:2)、亚麻酸(18:3)等6种脂肪酸的累计组成占总脂肪酸的88.37 %~97.41 %。其中除豆寇酸(14:0)和硬脂酸(18:0)组成在年龄间差异显著外(P<0.05),其它脂肪酸含量均较稳定。     

日光温室辣椒疫病发生规律及防治措施

辣椒疫病是天津地区日光温室辣椒生产中的常见病害.笔者通过连续4年对温室辣椒疫病多点调查研究,初步掌握了该病的发病症状、发病条件及发生规律,并从农业防治、物理防治、生态防治及化学防治等方面总结出一套较为系统完善的防治对策.     

Zeolitization of tuffaceous rocks of the green river formation, wyoming

The alkali-rich zeolites mordenite and clinoptilolite have been discovered in tuffaceous rocks of the Green River Formation, Wyoming. This occurrence strongly supports the alteration of glass to alkali-rich zeolite to analcime as the paragenetic sequence of alteration of tuffaceous rocks deposited in ancient Lake Gosiute.     

Fatty acids identified in the Burmese python promote beneficial cardiac growth

Burmese pythons display a marked increase in heart mass after a large meal. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of this physiological heart growth with the goal of applying this knowledge to the mammalian heart. We found that heart growth in pythons is characterized by myocyte hypertrophy in the absence of cell proliferation and by activation of physiological signal transduction pathways. Despite high levels of circulating lipids, the postprandial python heart does not accumulate triglycerides or fatty acids. Instead, there is robust activation of pathways of fatty acid transport and oxidation combined with increased expression and activity of superoxide dismutase, a cardioprotective enzyme. We also identified a combination of fatty acids in python plasma that promotes physiological heart growth when injected into either pythons or mice.     

皖南沿江地区农业灾害的发生与防治

根据皖南沿江地区的自然特征,认为影响种植业生产的主要自然灾害类型为洪涝灾害、旱灾、生物灾害和气象灾害,分析了灾害形成的原因.从实际出发提出了综合治理,培植生态农业,合理布局,因地制宜地进行结构调整,推广科学的农业防灾技术,努力提高协作防灾抗灾能力等措施,从而提高综合抗灾能力.     

Chimeras of two isoprenoid synthases catalyze all four coupling reactions in isoprenoid biosynthesis

The carbon skeletons of over 55,000 naturally occurring isoprenoid compounds are constructed from four fundamental coupling reactions: chain elongation, cyclopropanation, branching, and cyclobutanation. Enzymes that catalyze chain elongation and cyclopropanation are well studied, whereas those that catalyze branching and cyclobutanation are unknown. We have catalyzed the four reactions with chimeric proteins generated by replacing segments of a chain-elongation enzyme with corresponding sequences from a cyclopropanation enzyme. Stereochemical and mechanistic considerations suggest that the four coupling enzymes could have evolved from a common ancestor through relatively small changes in the catalytic site.     

绿茶中游离氨基酸的测定

对崂山绿茶游离氨基酸前处理方法的研究表明,茶汤样品在旋转蒸发器上干燥（小于50℃）,加入内标,用高纯水涡旋混匀后,代替茶汤样品加入内标直接测定茶叶中的游离氨基酸,游离氨基酸总量提高28．6％,茶叶中4种主要氨基酸含量同步增加,所有检测的氨基酸含量都有增加,含量排序基本一致,更能准确反映茶叶中游离氨基酸的含量。     

Fatty acids in eleven species of blue-green algae: geochemical significance

Analyses of the total lipids of 11 species of blue-green algae showed a simple but qualitatively variable fatty acid composition. The species can be grouped in three categories on the basis of their oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid content. One species was unusual in that the ten-carbon acid accounts for one-half of its total fatty acid. Branched chain acids are absent in the algae, but are major components of marine bacteria. The geochemical significance of the data is discussed.     

珠江广州虎门段鱼类脂肪酸组成及其食性研究

通过调查珠江广州虎门段鱼种分布,并利用脂肪酸生物标记探究珠江广州虎门段鱼类脂肪酸组成及其食性。结果表明,奇氏罗非鱼(Tilapia zillii)、鲮(Cirrhinus molitorella)、下口鲶(Hypostomus plecostomus)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、赤眼鳟(Squliobarbus curriculus)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)、红狼牙鰕虎鱼(Odontamblyopus rubicundus)、矛尾鰕虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)、七丝鲚(Coilia grayi)和花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)是珠江广州虎门段水体中常见的鱼种,鱼体中主要脂肪酸由饱和脂肪酸C14∶0、C15∶0、C16∶0、C17∶0、C18∶0,单不饱和脂肪酸C16∶1ω7、C18∶1ω9、C20∶1ω11,多不饱和脂肪酸C18∶2ω6、C16∶3ω3、C20∶2ω6、C20∶4ω6、C20∶5ω...     

Fatty acids in blue-green algae: possible relation to phylogenetic position

Analyses of the lipids in five species of blue-green algae show that the fatty acids are largely the C(16) and C(18) acids. The only alga that could be grown heterotrophically, Chlorogloea, formed the triply unsaturated C(18) acid in the light but only the doubly unsaturated C(18) acid in the dark. Examination of these results and the results of others suggest that, except for one species, the more highly unsaturated acids are found in the morphologically more complex algae. The fatty acid compositions of blue-green algae are different from the fatty acid composition of the other prokaryotic organisms, the bacteria. It is speculated that the diversity of the patterns of fatty acid composition among the blue-green algae could be of phylogenetic significance.     

长三角某城镇典型小流域水体抗生素的污染分布特征

为探讨城镇流域水体抗生素的污染分布特征,以宁波北仑芦江流域为研究对象,应用固相萃取、高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)检测地表水中四环素类(TCs)、氯霉素类(CPs)、喹诺酮类(FQs)、大环内酯类(MLs)和磺胺类(SAs)5类抗生素的污染水平,分析其分布特征和可能的来源,并通过计算风险商进行生态风险评估。结果表明:芦江流域共有14种抗生素检出,其中TCs和CPs抗生素检出率和检出浓度最高;TCs抗生素检出率为96.9%,浓度范围为27.10~133.0 ng·L~(-1);CPs抗生素检出率为86.5%,浓度范围为13.00~219.0 ng·L~(-1)。TCs、CPs和FQs抗生素主要集中在农业区和工业区,污水排放为水体中抗生素的主要来源,包括农业源和工业源,以及生活源;MLs和SAs抗生素主要集中在生活区,相关污水来源主要为生活源。城市化程度较低的农业区抗生素浓度要高于城市化程度较高的工业区和生活区。生态风险评估结果显示,所检测出的抗生素处于高风险等级、中等风险等级、低风险等级、无风险等级的比例为5∶3∶3∶3,表明芦江流域部分水体中抗生素的污染具有较高的生态风险。     

施氏矿物和有机酸共存体系中孔雀石绿的多相光催化降解

通过氧化亚铁硫杆菌对硫酸亚铁的作用获得施氏矿物,并研究其在有机酸(草酸、柠檬酸和酒石酸)的协同作用下光催化降解孔雀石绿的影响因素及其作用机制。结果表明:避光条件下施氏矿物对孔雀石绿存在微弱的吸附作用;紫外光照射下,单独施氏矿物对孔雀石绿的降解有催化作用,在有机酸的协同下,催化降解效率得到进一步提高。相同试验条件下,不同有机酸对施氏矿物光催化降解孔雀石绿效率从大到小依次为:草酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸。同时提出了有机酸协同施氏矿物光催化降解孔雀石绿的可能机制为:有机酸吸附于矿物表面,并形成高光活性的Fe(Ⅲ)-有机酸配合物,进而释放出具有强氧化能力的羟基自由基(.OH),最终导致孔雀石绿降解。