新型碱性肥料治酸改土降镉的效果和机理

通过大田试验和模拟实验,研究碱性肥料治酸改土的效果、土壤pH对Cd吸附解吸热力学性能的影响,为碱性肥料治理土壤酸化和降低土壤Cd污染提供理论依据。结果表明:碱性肥料能明显提高大田土壤pH、显著降低土壤有效镉含量,明显遏制土壤酸化和土壤镉污染。施用碱性肥料是提高土壤pH和降低土壤有效镉含量的有效措施。当土壤Cd含量小于等于60mg·L^-1时,pH从5增加到9时几乎不影响Cd的吸附强度(在15.77 mg·kg^-1/(mg·L^-1)～16.67 mg·kg^-1/(mg·L^-1)之间);而当Cd含量大于60 mg·L^-1,Cd的吸附强度随pH的升高而明显增大,但吸附率随浓度的增大而减少。土壤Cd含量相等时,pH越高土壤Cd的吸附量及吸附率越大。土壤Cd的等温吸附曲线适于用Freundlich方程拟合和定量描述。土壤吸附Cd是自发反应过程,表现为Cd的吸附自由能(ΔG°)为负。同一pH下,ΔG°随着土壤Cd含量的增大而增大;ΔG°随着土壤溶液pH的升高而减小。碱性...     

花卉植物硫华菊的镉积累特性研究

为从花卉中筛选镉超富集植物用于镉污染土壤的修复,采用土壤高浓度镉污染法从5种花卉植物中筛选出具有镉富集植物基本特征的花卉植物硫华菊,并通过盆栽试验和小区试验,进一步研究硫华菊的镉积累特性。结果表明:随土壤镉浓度的增加,硫华菊的生物量、光合色素含量及可溶性蛋白含量均呈先增后降的趋势,SOD活性、POD活性呈增加的趋势,但CAT活性则呈降低的趋势。镉在硫华菊各个器官中的分布大小顺序为:根系茎秆地上部分叶片。硫华菊根系、茎秆、叶片及地上部镉含量随土壤镉浓度的增加呈增加的趋势,且在土壤镉浓度大于10mg/kg时,硫华菊地上部分镉含量均超过镉超富集植物临界值(100mg/kg)。不同浓度镉处理的硫华菊地上部分镉富集系数(BCF)均大于1,但转运系数(TF)均小于1。硫华菊根系、茎秆、叶片及地上部分镉积累量随土壤镉浓度的增加均呈先增后降的趋势,地上部分镉积累量最大值为479.34μg/株(土壤镉浓度为100mg/kg)。小区试验研究表明,在土壤镉浓度为2.04~2.89mg/kg时,硫华菊地上部分镉积累量为4.54~5.60mg/m~2。因此,硫华菊是一种镉富集植物,且修复能力较强,可有效地修复镉污染土壤。     

硒镉交互作用对西葫芦幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

硒能够缓解镉胁迫对植物产生的毒害。为探明硒(Se)和镉(Cd)交互作用对植物的影响,本研究以西葫芦为材料,采用沙培的方式,研究了不同浓度Se(0.5、2.0和4.0 mg·L^-1)与Cd(0.2、0.4和0.6 mg·kg^-1)交互作用对西葫芦幼苗生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,单一Cd胁迫下,随着Cd浓度的增加,其对西葫芦幼苗的生长和抗氧化酶活性具有一定的促进作用。Se与Cd交互作用对西葫芦幼苗生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响与Se和Cd的浓度有关。不同浓度Se与低中浓度Cd(0.2和0.4 mg·kg^-1)交互作用可使Cd胁迫下西葫芦幼苗苗高、鲜重和干重显著增加,与高浓度Cd(0.6 mg·kg^-1)交互作用却抑制了西葫芦幼苗的生长。与单一Cd胁迫相比,不同浓度Se与0.2 mg·kg^-1Cd交互作用可显著提高西葫芦幼苗SOD和POD活性,不同浓度Se与0.4和0.6 mg·kg^-1Cd交互作用抑制了西葫芦幼苗SOD和POD活性,且Cd浓度越高,差异越明显...     

镉和模拟酸雨胁迫对苦楝幼苗镉含量及叶片抗氧化系统的影响

为探讨苦楝在重金属Cd和酸雨的单一及复合胁迫下的生理响应特征,采用人工配置土壤盆栽试验,研究不同浓度Cd(0、30、60、90、120、150、180 mg·kg^-1)和3个梯度模拟酸雨(pH值5.6、4.5、3.5)单一及复合处理对苦楝幼苗生物量、Cd含量及叶片保护性酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)]活性和抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环(AsA-GSH)的影响。结果表明,除低浓度Cd(≤30 mg·kg^-1)单一及其与pH值4.5酸雨复合处理对幼苗地上部、地下部生物量有促进作用外,其他处理均表现出抑制作用,其中复合处理对苦楝幼苗的抑制作用更明显,表现为叠加效应;单一Cd处理时,随着Cd浓度的增加,幼苗根、茎、叶中Cd含量逐渐升高,且根系大于茎叶,复合处理抑制了植物对Cd的积累,对叶片的抑制作用最强;Cd和酸雨单一及复合处理下叶片SOD、CAT和POD活性均有所增加,分别在60 mg·kg^-1 Cd、pH值5.6,60 mg·kg^-1 Cd、pH值4.5和90 mg·...     

外源赤霉素对富集植物繁缕生长及镉积累的影响

为了强化镉富集植物繁缕对镉污染土壤的修复效率,采用盆栽试验,研究了喷施不同浓度赤霉素(GA_3)对繁缕生长及镉积累的影响。结果表明,繁缕的生物量随GA_3浓度的增加而增加,但光合色素含量、抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、镉含量及镉积累量均呈先增后降的趋势。在GA_3浓度为10 mg L~(-1)时,繁缕地上部分及整株镉积累量均达到最大值,分别为244.86、348.97μg plant~(-1),较各自对照分别增加了31.20%(P0.05)和25.51%(P0.05)。因此,采用繁缕修复镉污染土壤时,以10 mg L~(-1)的GA_3提高繁缕的修复效率最佳,可作为植物修复的强化措施。     

牛繁缕对镉的积累特性研究

以牛繁缕为试材,采用盆栽试验研究其在不同镉浓度条件下的镉积累特性。结果表明:牛繁缕根系生物量、地上土壤部分生物量和总生物量均随土壤镉浓度的升高而降低。在土壤镉浓度小于100 mg kg-1时,牛繁缕的抗性系数均大于0.5;当土壤镉浓度为25 mg kg-1时,抗性系数最大,为0.931。在不同镉浓度条件下,牛繁缕光合色素的合成会受到一定程度的抑制,叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素总量均随镉污染浓度的增加而逐渐降低,但叶绿素a和a/b值则表现为波动变化的趋势。随土壤镉浓度的增加,牛繁缕根系及地上部分镉含量呈增加的趋势;当土壤镉浓度为100 mg kg-1时,牛繁缕地上部分镉含量为118.94 mg kg-1,大于镉超富集植物临界值(100 mg kg-1)。牛繁缕根系和地上部分富集系数均大于1,但转运系数小于1。牛繁缕根系、地上部分和整株的镉积累量最大分别能达到449.05、126.07、532.83μg plant-1,生物富集量系数及转运量系数均随土壤镉浓度的增加而降低。在土壤镉浓度不高于75 mg kg-1时,牛繁缕生物富集量系数大于1 g plant-1,但各个镉处理下的转运量系数均小于1。由此可见,牛繁缕是一种镉富集植物,具有较强的镉富集能力,可用于镉污染农田的修复。     

外源NO对镉胁迫下草地早熟禾种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响

为探究可缓解草地早熟禾镉胁迫的最适有效硝普钠(SNP)浓度,以草地早熟禾品种蓝月为试验材料,SNP为NO供体材料,研究不同浓度NO对镉胁迫下草地早熟禾叶片生理特性的影响。结果表明,镉离子浓度为200μmol·L^-1时草地早熟禾的生长受到严重抑制,施加SNP(<100μmol·L^-1)能够促进草地早熟禾种子发芽,增加草地早熟禾幼苗叶绿素含量,提高叶片干物质量、相对含水量,以及叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性,而其游离脯氨酸(Pro)和丙二醛(MDA)含量均有所降低。表明低浓度NO(<100μmol·L^-1)可有效缓解草地早熟禾镉胁迫,高浓度SNP(>100μmol·L^-1)则表现出抑制作用。本研究结果为草地早熟禾修复镉污染土壤提供了理论依据。     

硒对镉胁迫下寒地水稻镉含量与分配的影响

【目的】研究施硒对不同镉污染土壤上镉在水稻各器官中的分配及稻米中镉含量的影响,探讨通过施硒降低水稻镉吸收量及在稻米中分配的可行性。【方法】采用盆栽试验,以垦鉴稻6号为材料,研究添加不同浓度镉(0、2、4和8 mg/kg土壤)的条件下,施硒(0、0.07和0.14 mg/kg土壤)对水稻不同器官镉含量和镉分配的影响。成熟期整盆收获,分别测定叶片、叶鞘、茎秆、根系和糙米、精米镉含量、硒含量和干物重,计算镉积累量和分配比例。【结果】1)当土壤镉浓度在0 4 mg/kg时,水稻各营养器官和糙米、精米中镉含量随土壤镉浓度增高而显著增加,但当土壤中镉浓度4 mg/kg时,糙米和精米中镉含量增加不显著。未施硒(Se0)时,Cd2(4 mg/kg)和Cd3(8mg/kg)处理糙米中镉含量分别为0.221 mg/kg和0.234 mg/kg,分别是Cd0处理的15.8和16.7倍,均超过我国国家食品安全标准中稻米镉的限量(0.2 mg/kg),精米镉含量未超过国家食品安全规定的限量,Cd3处理精米中镉含量最高,为0.174 mg/kg。2)相同镉浓度下,随着硒浓度的增加,水稻各营养器官和糙米、精米的镉含量和镉积累量均显著下降,糙米和精米的镉含量均低于我国国家食品安全规定的稻米镉限量,且Se2(0.14 mg/kg)处理优于Se1(0.07 mg/kg)处理。其中Cd1(2 mg/kg)浓度时,Se2处理的精米镉含量下降幅度最大,比Se0降低31.5%(P0.01)。3)镉在各器官中的分配比例为根系茎鞘稻谷叶片。随着硒浓度的增加,镉在根系中的分配比例增加,在地上部的分配比例减少,在稻壳中的分配比例增加,在精米中的分配比例下降。在Cd1浓度时,根系镉分配比例范围为60.9%67.8%,稻谷镉分配比例为12.6%13.8%;Se2处理稻壳中镉分配比例比Se0增加5.2个百分点,而精米中镉分配比例则下降了6.2个百分点。4)相同镉浓度下,随着硒浓度的增加,植株各营养器官干物重均增加,Se2处理对干物重的影响优于Se1处理。Cd1、Cd2和Cd3浓度下,Se2处理比Se0处理稻谷干物重分别增加了6.4%(P0.01)、5.2%(P0.05)和11.3%(P0.01)。【结论】施硒可降低镉污染土壤上水稻各营养器官和糙米、精米的镉含量,并能显著降低精米中镉的分配比例,保证稻米的食用安全性,尤其在Cd加入量为2mg/kg土浓度下,施硒效果最显著,以施Se量为0.07 mg/kg处理的效果最好。     

钾肥对镉污染土壤大白菜品质的效应研究

为进一步阐明钾对镉污染土壤上大白菜的品质影响,通过盆栽试验研究了2种镉污染土壤不同钾肥用量对大白菜生长、生理特性和重金属含量的影响。结果表明,大白菜地上部及地下部鲜重在低镉胁迫下分别下降2.6%和19.8%,在高镉胁迫下分别下降7.1%和45.5%;低镉胁迫下,土壤增施钾肥后大白菜地上部鲜重提高0.3%~34.0%,地下部鲜重降低1.2%~7.4%;高镉胁迫下,增施钾肥后大白菜地上部鲜重无明显变化,地下部鲜重显著提高41.8%~87.3%。低镉胁迫大白菜叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量略有升高,增施钾肥后,叶绿素a含量显著升高,叶绿素b含量变化不大;高镉胁迫大白菜叶片中叶绿素各含量明显降低,增施钾肥后,叶绿素各含量变化不大。低镉胁迫大白菜叶片中抗氧化系统酶(CAT、SOD、POD)活性增强,高镉胁迫大白菜叶片中各抗氧化系统酶活性降低,2种镉污染土壤增施钾肥各种酶活性呈增强趋势。镉污染土壤增施钾肥能有效提高大白菜叶片中维生素C、还原糖的含量,并促进游离氨基酸转化为粗蛋白。镉胁迫大白菜叶片中重金属镉、砷含量显著升高,铅、铬、汞含量均有效降低。结果表明,镉污染土壤上增施钾肥能有效提高大白菜品质,特别是降低大白菜叶片中各种重金属的含量,低镉胁迫下最佳施钾浓度为200~400mg·kg-1,高镉胁迫下最佳施钾浓度为400~600 mg·kg-1。     

硅在Cd胁迫下对黄瓜产量和品质的影响

研究石灰性土壤Si对Cd胁迫下黄瓜产量和品质的影响,对实际土壤Cd毒害植物防治具有重要意义。采用盆栽完全随机设计方案,以黄瓜(密刺60)为试验材料,研究Si在Cd胁迫下对黄瓜产量和品质的影响。研究证明,随着Cd浓度的增加,黄瓜株高和鲜重显著降低,还原糖和维生素C含量降低,硝酸盐和果实中Cd含量明显增加。施入Si后,能显著改善黄瓜的产量和品质。当Cd含量为3 mg kg^-1,Si施加量为300 mg kg^-1时,黄瓜株高增加了31.9%。当Cd含量为5 mg kg^-1,Si施加量≥200 mg kg^-1情况下,黄瓜中硝酸盐含量下降21%～37%。Cd含量≤3 mg kg^-1,施Si量200 mg kg^-1时黄瓜中的维生素C含量达到最大值。当Cd含量≤3 mg kg^-1时,100mg kg^-1的Si施加量能使黄瓜果实中的Cd含量降至国家食品安全标准。试验结果可知,在石灰性土壤上,Cd会明显抑制黄瓜的生长,施加硅后可以显著改善Cd毒害,进而提高黄瓜的产量和品质。     

Effect of soil application of cadmium contaminated lime on soil cadmium distribution and cadmium concentration in strawberry leaves and fruit

Heavy metal environmental pollution which occurs as a result of lime contaminated with cadmium (Cd) poses a potential health hazard. This investigation was undertaken to study uptake of Cd by strawberry plants grown in soil amended with three different sources and two different rates of industry waste lime containing 3.4, 14.3, and 60.0 mg Cd/kg, respectively. The effects of Cd applied to the soil were investigated, including its distribution in the soil and effect on Cd concentration in strawberry cv. Senga Sengana (Fragaria anassa) leaves and fruit in response to soil organic matter content and lime rates. Cadmium accumulated mainly in the plough layer, increasing from 0.170 mg Cd/kg (background level) to a maximum of 1.2 mg Cd/kg. Fruit had very high, hazardous Cd concentrations regardless of its content in the soil. This indicates that Cd was easily taken up by strawberry plants and accumulated in upper plant parts, including the fruit. Soil Cd content had no effect on concentration of this element in strawberry fruit. However, plant Cd uptake and fruit concentration was increased in acid soils even when soil Cd concentration was low.     

高镉累积水稻对镉污染农田的修复潜力

为探究高镉累积水稻品种扬稻6号和玉珍香对镉污染农田土壤的修复潜力,通过大田小区试验,测定6个不同生育期(返青、分蘖、孕穗、齐穗、蜡熟、完熟)5个部位(根、茎0～10 cm、茎10～20 cm、茎20 cm以上和谷)稻草的镉含量,开展高镉累积水稻镉累积规律、移除时间和移除高度研究。结果表明,水稻扬稻6号和玉珍香各部位镉含量随生育期的延长而增加,孕穗期增幅最大,完熟期达到最大值,在同一时期不同部位镉含量分布随株高呈递减趋势;完熟期,水稻品种扬稻6号和玉珍香的根、茎0～10 cm、茎10～20 cm、茎20 cm以上部分和谷中镉含量分别为19.3、11.8、9.4、8.1和3.9mg/kg与19.5、16.3、14.3、9.7和3.7 mg/kg,其对应的镉富集系数均大于1,对镉表现出高积累特性;稻草镉的移除含量在全育期均表现从大到小依次为整株收割、地上部全收割、离地10 cm收割、离地20 cm收割,完熟期整株移除情况下,扬稻6号稻草镉累积移除含量达1 652.11μg/株,玉珍香稻草镉累积移除含量达1 547.70μg/株;一年种植一季水稻扬稻6号和玉珍香,整株移除情况下土壤镉移除效率分别为9.1%和8.5%,地上部全移除情况下土壤镉移除效率分别为7.2%和7.1%。因此为兼顾水稻移除修复效果和可操作性,建议稻草在完熟后按地上部全收割的方式移除。研究结果可为镉污染稻田的植物修复治理提供新的思路。     

Crop uptake of cadmium from phosphorus fertilizers: I. Yield and cadmium content

We investigated the effects of different P fertilizers on the yields and Cd contents of oat (Avena sativa L.), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). These crops were grown in the greenhouse using soils treated with lime to achieve three pHs ranging from 4.77 to 5.94 for a sandy soil and 4.97 to 6.80 for a loam soil. The crop yields were generally not affected by liming or application of different kinds of P fertilizers, with a few exceptions. Application of Cd-containing NPK fertilizers in all cases tended to increase the Cd concentrations in crops, and the highest Cd concentrations in crops were obtained when the high-Cd NPK fertilizer was applied (adding 12.5 μg Cd kg^?1 soil). Cadmium concentrations in crops in most cases decreased with increasing soil pH. The highest percent recovery of the added Cd by plant species in the sandy soil was found for inorganic Cd-salt and in the loam soil for low-Cd NPK fertilizer. Phosphate rock resulted in the lowest recovery of the added Cd by all the plant species in both soils, but was also an insufficient P-source of its low solubility.     

土壤镉污染条件下叶面硒肥对生菜镉积累的影响

为探讨叶面硒肥对生菜(Lactuca sativa L.)镉胁迫的改善作用,通过盆栽试验,设置2个镉污染浓度(1 mg/kg,Cd1;3 mg/kg,Cd3)和3个叶面硒肥浓度(0 mg/L,Se0;1 mg/L,Se1;3 mg/L,Se3),研究了不同浓度叶面硒肥对生菜镉积累的影响。结果表明:①叶面硒肥的喷施可不同程度降低生菜对镉的吸收积累,较之Cd1+Se0处理,Cd1+Se1处理可显著降低生菜叶镉含量,降幅为26.29%;较之Cd3+Se0处理,Cd3+Se3处理下生菜叶镉含量显著降低49.05%。②喷施适宜浓度的叶面硒肥可不同程度提升生菜过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量,Cd1+Se1处理下,生菜的CAT、SOD活性分别显著高于Cd1+Se0处理40.38%、68.71%,而MDA含量则显著降低44.48%;Cd3+Se3处理下,生菜的CAT、SOD活性较Cd3+Se0处理分别显著提升77.48%、51.70%,而MDA含量则显著降低48.90%。因此,喷施适量的叶面硒肥可明显提升生菜抗逆特性,进而有效阻控生菜对镉的吸收,其中土壤镉含量为1 mg/kg(Cd1)时,叶面硒肥喷施浓度以 1 mg/L效果最佳,土壤镉含量为3 mg/kg(Cd3)时,叶面硒肥喷施浓度以 3 mg/L效果为最优。     

Soil pH influence on cadmium uptake by tobacco in high cadmium exposure

Cadmium (Cd) is a non‐essential toxic element, which is highly accumulated by tobacco leaves and is transferred to tobacco smoke thus contributing substantially to the permitted level of Cd intake by humans. Therefore, measures to reduce Cd accumulation by tobacco are of significant importance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of soil liming on Cd uptake by tobacco plants in high Cd exposure. A pot experiment was conducted with Nicotiana tabacum L. Samsun 53 on an acid Typic Haploxeralf amended with refuse sugarbeet lime to obtain a pH range from 5.3 to 7.0 and contaminated with 20 mg kg^‐1 Cd applied as CdCl₂. Tobacco was grown in pots for three months under natural conditions, harvested in four cuts and Cd uptake by leaves was estimated. In soil samples selected, pH, Cd extracted by DTPA method, and Cd fractions such as exchangeable, organically bound, carbonate and residual were determined. The results showed that Cd uptake influenced negatively tobacco yield. Soil liming decreased Cd uptake by tobacco plants. The DTPA method was not a good indicator for Cd availability in tobacco. A very strong relationship was recorded between exchangeable Cd and total Cd uptake showing that this Cd fraction is available to tobacco plants. Soil pH was correlated strongly in a negative way with this Cd fraction suggesting that this soil factor is very important in controlling Cd accumulation by tobacco.     

表油菜素内酯对镉胁迫下番茄幼苗生长及镉累积的影响

采用盆栽试验研究不同浓度(0、0.02、0.1、0.5、2.5 mg/L)的表油菜素内酯(EBR)对镉胁迫下番茄幼苗生长及镉累积的影响。结果表明,镉处理后番茄幼苗的生物量、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶(POD和CAT)活性均下降,丙二醛(MDA)含量、相对电导率和渗透调节物质含量均升高;喷施一定浓度的EBR(0.5 mg/L)后,番茄幼苗的生物量、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶(POD和CAT)活性及脯氨酸含量均显著增加,可溶性蛋白、MDA含量和相对电导率有所下降,番茄幼苗根系和地上部分的镉含量分别上升了50.0%和93.4%,镉转运系数最低,为0.45。综上,喷施EBR能够增强番茄幼苗对镉胁迫的耐受性,促进幼苗生长,降低镉的转运系数,其中,EBR浓度为0.5 mg/L时效果最好。     

南方典型镉污染稻田土壤有效态镉预测模型研究

为了更好地指导重金属镉污染稻田实施土壤修复、管控土壤镉毒害风险,以我国南方典型镉污染稻田为研究对象,基于316个监测点位的土壤镉及理化性质指标测定,分析土壤有效态镉含量与土壤理化因子间的相互关系,并通过逐步多元回归方程,建立稻田土壤有效态镉的预测模型。结果表明,土壤总镉、有效锌、有效硫、有效磷及有效铜是影响南方稻田土壤有效态镉含量的主要因素。通过区域调研,借助逐步回归分析得到南方稻田土壤有效态镉含量的预测模型方程:Cdext=-0.006+0.371(Cdtot)+0.014(A-Zn)+0.001(A-S)-0.001(A-P)+     

Effect of cadmium on growth and the uptake of cadmium and other elements by durum wheat

A solution culture study was conducted to determine the effects of cadmium (Cd) application on the uptake of Cd, potassium (K), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and on the growth of seedlings of three wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var Durum) cultivars, Kyle, Nile, and SC84–994. Cadmium application decreased shoot and root biomass, root length, and leaf area. Cadmium application did not produce any differences among cultivars in these growth parameters. There were differential cultivar responses in the uptake of Cd and K but not for Zn, Mn, Cu, and Fe uptake. A solution Cd concentration of 0.1 μM did not affect the concentration of Cd and K compared to zero Cd but at and above 0.5 μM Cd, Nile had a higher concentration and contents of Cd and K in root and shoot than SC84–994 and Kyle. Kyle and SC84–994 were not different in any of the elements tested except K concentration in shoot where the order was SC84–994<Kyle<Nile. Cadmium application increased the Cd concentration but decreased the concentration of K, Zn, and Mn in root and shoot, while the Fe and Cu concentrations in shoot and root were not affected. Cultivar differences were observed in the translocation of Cd from root to shoot. In SC84–994 and Kyle, 0.5 μmole Cd/L decreased the total Cd translocated to shoot, Further addition of Cd did not affect Cd translocation, whereas in Nile, increased Cd concentration in solution did not affect Cd translocation to the shoot. A modified version of Weibull frequency distribution [y = a exp.(b.Cd^c)] was applied to explain the effect of Cd on plant growth parameters and on the uptake of K, Mn, Zn, and Cu in plants.     

Crop uptake of cadmium from phosphorus fertilizers: II. Relationship with extractable soil cadmium

In a greenhouse experiment, effects of different phosphate fertilizer applications on soil Cd extracted by DTPA and NH₄NO₃ in relation to plant uptake of Cd were investigated. The soils used were a sand and a loam treated with lime to achieve three pHs ranging from 4.77 to 5.94 for the sandy soil and 4.97 to 6.80 for the loam soil. Oat (Avena sativa L.), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), were used as test species. Application of the high-Cd NPK fertilizer (adding 12.5 μg Cd kg^?1 soil) significantly increased the extractable soil Cd, especially the DTPA-extractable Cd. Use of phosphate rock adding as much Cd as the high-Cd NPK fertilizer did not increase the extractable Cd in either of the soils. Both DTPA- and NH₄NO₃-extractable Cd decreased with the increases in soil pH. The Cd concentrations and total Cd uptake of plants were significantly correlated with the soil Cd extracted by DTPA and NH₄NO₃.