日粮添加不同水平锌对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道消化能力和肠道微生物的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同水平的锌对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道消化能力和肠道微生物数量的影响。试验将25 d断奶、体重平均（6.25±0.12）kg的448头商品仔猪随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复28头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组分别在基础日粮中添加150、250和500 mg/kg的蛋氨酸锌。结果表明,日粮添加150～500 mg/kg的蛋氨酸锌可显著提高断奶仔猪日平均增重（P <0.05）;与对照组相比,日粮添加150～500 mg/kg蛋氨酸锌断奶仔猪料重比显著降低（P <0.05）;250、500 mg/kg处理组有机物、粗蛋白质、总能、钙和磷的表观消化率较对照组皆显著提高（P <0.05）;与对照组、150 mg/kg处理组比较,250、500 mg/kg处理组肠道大肠杆菌数量显著降低（P <0.05）;各处理组断奶仔猪肠道乳酸杆菌数量皆较对照组有显著提高（P <0.05）,尤其是250 mg/kg处理组仔猪肠道乳酸杆菌数量较其他两处理组显著提高（P <0.05）。结论 ：日粮添加不同水平蛋氨酸锌有利于改善断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道消化能力及肠...     

蛋氨酸铜对猪血清铜锌含量及粪铜锌排泄量的影响

为了研究饲粮中添加蛋氨酸铜与硫酸铜对生长猪生长性能、养分消化率、血清铜锌含量及粪铜辞排泄量的影响.选择体重为17.17±2.34kg(P＞0.05)的二元杂交(长×大)生长阉公猪30头进行试验,试猪按完全随机区组设计,依体重和窝别随机分为5个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复2头猪,分别饲喂10、150、250mg/kg蛋氨酸铜和150、250mg/kg硫酸铜,试验期30 d.结果表明:饲喂蛋氨酸铜组ADG、F/G及表观养分消化率具有明显的优势;血清铜含量随饲粮铜水平的提高而发生显著变化,而高铜组组问血清锌差异不显著;蛋氨酸组粪铜排泄量比硫酸铜组粪铜排泄量显著降低.说明:添加中等水平的有机蛋氨酸铜吸收利用率比高剂量硫酸铜高,且可减少粪铜、锌的排泄.     

不同水平蛋氨酸锌对育成期蓝狐生产性能及营养物质消化率的影响

本试验研究了日粮中添加蛋氨酸锌(Zn-Met)对蓝狐生产性能(日增重、饲料转化率)及营养物质消化率的影响.试验中选用150只体重相近的育成期蓝狐,随机分为5组,每组30只.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别以Zn-Met形式添加30mg/kg、60mg/kg、90mg/kg、120mg/kg锌.试验结果表明,干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙、磷消化率均有所提高,日粮中添加适宜蛋氨酸锌水平能提高蓝狐的平均日增重,降低料重比,其中30mg/kg添加水平效果最好,差异显著(P＜0.05).     

饲粮中添加高剂量无机锌对断奶仔猪消化性能的影响

本试验研究了饲粮中添加高剂量无机锌对断奶仔猪消化性能的影响。结果表明 :饲粮中添加 30 0 0mg kg氧化锌使饲料粗蛋白、粗脂肪的表观消化率分别提高了 11.35 % (P <0 .0 1)和 36 .94 % (P <0 .0 1) ;胃、胰脏、小肠的相对重量分别增加了 2 0 .0 0 % (P <0 .0 5 )、2 0 .5 7% (P <0 .0 5 )和 38.80 % (P <0 .0 1) ;十二指肠内容物总蛋白水解酶、胰蛋白酶、α 淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性分别较对照组提高了 6 .97% (P <0 .0 5 )、2 5 .37% (P <0 .0 5 )、4 1.86 % (P <0 .0 5 )和 110 .91%(P <0 .0 1)。此外 ,30 0 0mg kg氧化锌和硫酸锌使粪中大肠杆菌数量减少了 5 0 .38% (P <0 .0 1)、4 8.5 0 % (P <0 .0 1) ,腹泻频率则分别降低了 96 .88% (P <0 .0 1)和 6 8.75 % (P <0 .0 1)。     

白藜芦醇和精油对感染细菌的仔猪生长性能、免疫和粪便微生物脱落的影响

本试验研究了药用植物白藜芦醇和精油对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫力、消化率和粪便微生物脱落的影响。试验选择平均体重为(8.03±0.54)kg的28d断奶仔猪240头,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复15头。阴性对照组饲喂基础日粮,阳性对照组饲喂基础日粮+20mg/kg金霉素,白藜芦醇组饲喂基础日粮+0.15%白藜芦醇,精油组饲喂基础日粮+120mg/kg混合精油。在32d时所有仔猪口服5mL含2.3×108cfu/mL的大肠杆菌和5.9×108cfu/mL的沙门氏菌口服液。结果 :与阴性对照组相比,阳性对照组各阶段仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量量显著提高(P 0.05),0～2w仔猪料重比显著降低(P 0.05);阳性对照组、白藜芦醇组和精油组干物质消化率显著提高(P 0.05),同时与阴性对照组和白藜芦醇组相比,阳性对照和精油组氮消化率显著提高(P 0.05)。与阴性对照组相比,白藜芦醇组仔猪血清免疫球蛋白G水平表现最高(P 0.05)。攻毒后第3周,阳性对照组与阴性对照组相比,粪中沙门氏菌数量显著降低(P 0.05)。与其他组相比,精油组粪中乳酸杆菌和芽孢杆菌数量显著增加(P 0.05)。攻毒后第4周,阴性对照组粪中大肠杆菌数量也显著高于其他组(P 0.05)。结论 :断奶仔猪日粮补充白藜芦醇对仔猪生长性能、免疫功能和细菌感染后的微生物生态系统都有改善作用。     

喹乙醇和杆菌肽锌对长毛兔生产性能的影响

选择110日龄左右的生长长毛兔90只,随机分成5组:基础日粮、基础日粮添加喹乙醇30mg/kg,60mg/kg、杆菌肽锌30mg/kg、60mg/kg。试验结果表明,添加30mg/kg,60mg/kg喹乙醇的试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组日增重分别提高了1.7%和15.4%,料重比分别降低1.7%和12.5%,料毛比分别降低9.3%和10.9%,每只试验兔分别增收5.13元和7.87元;添加30mg/kg,60mg/kg的杆菌肽锌试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组日增重分别提高了9.4%和17.9%,料重比分别降低7.6%和13.7%,料毛比分别降低7.8%和10.5%,每只试验兔分别增收5.36元和8.06元。从总的经济效益看,喹乙醇所产生的经济效益与杆菌肽锌所产生的经济效益相近,但鉴于耐药性、毒性和目前原料、成品价格的考虑,建议使用杆菌肽锌较为理想。     

饲粮添加β-葡聚糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道微生物区系的影响

本试验旨在研究β-葡聚糖替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道微生物区系和微生物氨基酸脱羧酶活力的影响。试验选取30头28日龄断奶健康的(大约克×荣昌)×长白内三元杂交阉公仔猪,随机分为3组:对照组饲喂基础饲粮,杆菌肽锌组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加100 mg/kg杆菌肽锌的饲粮,β-葡聚糖组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加400 mg/kgβ-葡聚糖的饲粮。每组10个重复,每个重复1头猪,预试期4 d,正试期为28 d。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,β-葡聚糖组和杆菌肽锌组断奶仔猪的生长性能和腹泻指数显著提高(P0.05),料重比显著降低(P0.05)。β-葡聚糖组与杆菌肽锌组之间仔猪的生长性能、腹泻指数和料重比均无显著差异(P0.05)。与杆菌肽锌组相比,饲粮中添加β-葡聚糖能显著降低断奶仔猪回肠微生物色氨酸脱羧酶和赖氨酸脱羧酶活力(P0.05)。杆菌肽锌组和β-葡聚糖组结肠微生物蛋氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨酸脱羧酶和赖氨酸脱羧酶活力显著低于对照组(P0.05),色氨酸脱羧酶活力显著高于对照组(P0.05)。饲粮中添加β-葡聚糖未改变结肠微生物优势菌群的组成,但提高了结肠乳酸杆菌、韦荣球菌、拟杆菌、厚壁菌、毛螺菌等有益菌的相对丰度,降低了有害菌梭状芽孢杆菌的相对丰度,且与添加杆菌肽锌效果相当。综上,在饲粮中添加400 mg/kg的β-葡聚糖提高了断奶仔猪的生长性能,降低了肠道中微生物氨基酸脱羧酶的活力,并提高了结肠微生物的相对丰度和降低了有害菌的相对丰度;β-葡聚糖在促进肠道有益菌生长方面优于杆菌肽锌。     

蛋氨酸锌对蛋鸡生产性能、肠道形态、组织学结构及盲肠微生物菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加蛋氨酸锌对蛋鸡蛋品质、肠道形态、组织学结构及盲肠微生物菌群的影响,以确定蛋氨酸锌在蛋鸡饲粮中的科学用量。选择健康的20周龄海兰白蛋鸡540只,随机分成6个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。I组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,试验II、III、IV、V、VI组分别在基础饲粮中添加70、140、350、700、1 400 mg/kg蛋氨酸锌。正试期8周。结果表明:与对照组相比,II、III组产蛋率和日产蛋重显著提高(P0.05),料蛋比和不合格蛋率显著降低(P0.05),蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋白高度和哈氏单位显著提高(P0.05),十二指肠、回肠的绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著提高(P0.05),盲肠内容物中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量显著增加(P0.05),大肠杆菌数量显著减少(P0.05);而VI组产蛋率和日产蛋重极显著降低(P0.01),料蛋比和不合格蛋率极显著升高(P0.01),蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋白高度和哈氏单位极显著降低(P0.01),十二指肠、回肠的绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度极显著降低(P0.01),双歧杆菌和乳杆菌数量极显著减少(P0.01),大肠杆菌数量极显著增加(P0.01);VI组蛋鸡十二指肠和回肠结构发生损伤。由此可见,适量的蛋氨酸锌可提高蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质、改善肠道形态、优化盲肠微生物区系,但继续提高添加水平会降低其对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和肠道健康的正面效应,甚至会引起负面效应。根据二次曲线拟合模型得出蛋氨酸锌在20~27周龄蛋鸡玉米—豆粕型饲粮中的适宜添加水平为50~100 mg/kg。     

益生素在肉鸡生产中替代抗生素的试验

选1日龄AA健康肉鸡600羽，随机分为3组，分别为对照组（空白）、抗生素组（3．3mg/kg硫酸粘杆菌素＋16．5mg/kg杆菌肽锌）、益生素组（添加0．1％益生素），每组设4个重复，每个重复50羽。试验结果表明：抗生素和益生素组分别比对照组提高增重4．17％和6．98％（P＜0．05），料肉比分别下降1．77％和2．60％（P＞0．05），益生素组比抗生素下降40％和43．3％（P＜0．05）。益生素组显著降低了肉鸡肠道内大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量（P＜0．05），显著提高了肠道内乳酸杆菌的数量（P＜0．05），而抗生素在显著降低大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌等有害菌数量的同时，也显著降低了有益菌乳酸杆菌的数量（P＜0．05）。无论从肉鸡生产性能、腹泻率还是经济效益结果分析，益生素可以作为抗生素的替代品应用于肉鸡生产中。     

日粮不同锌添加水平对育成期雄性水貂消化代谢、生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验选用硫酸锌和蛋氨酸螯合锌两种锌源,在日粮添加60 mg/kg硫酸锌、蛋氨酸螯合锌为0、15、30、45、60、75 mg/kg 水平下,对比研究了不同锌水平对育成期雄性水貂营养物质消化率、氮代谢和血清生化指标的影响。结果表明,育成期雄性水貂日粮中添加15 mg/kg的蛋氨酸螯合锌时,水貂采食量和蛋白质消化率较高(P<0.05)。日粮中添加锌水平对水貂干物质消化率、脂肪消化率、氮代谢、生长性能和血清尿素氮、血清乳酸脱氢酶活性没有显著性影响(P>0.05)。     

Effects of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and fecal shedding of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus in weaning pigs

A total of 50 weaning pigs (16 d of age; 4.72 +/- 0.23 kg of BW) were selected to investigate the effect of dietary chito-oligosaccharide (COS) supplementation on growth performance, fecal shedding of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus, apparent digestibility, and small intestinal morphology. Pigs housed in individual metabolic cages were assigned randomly to 5 treatments (n = 10), including 1 basal diet (control), 3 diets with COS supplementation (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), and 1 diet with chlortetracycline (CTC) supplementation (80 mg/kg). Fresh fecal samples were collected to evaluate shedding of E. coli and Lactobacillus on d 0, 7, 14, and 21 postweaning. Fresh fecal samples collected from each cage from d 19 to 21 were stored frozen for determination of apparent total tract digestibility. On d 21, all pigs were killed to collect the middle sections of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum for determination of mucosa morphology. Supplementation of COS at 100 and 200 mg/kg and supplementation of CTC improved (P < 0.05) overall ADG, ADFI, and G:F in comparison with the control. Supplementation of COS at 200 mg/kg as well as supplementation of CTC increased (P < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility of DM, GE, CP, crude fat, Ca, and P, whereas COS at 100 mg/kg increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of DM, Ca, and P in comparison with the control diet. Pigs receiving diets supplemented with COS or CTC had a decreased (P < 0.05) incidence of diarrhea and decreased diarrhea scores compared with control pigs. Fecal samples from pigs receiving diets supplemented with COS had greater (P < 0.05) Lactobacillus counts than those from control pigs and pigs receiving diets supplemented with CTC on d 14 and 21. However, supplementation of COS at 200 mg/kg and supplementation of CTC decreased (P < 0.05) E. coli counts in the feces on d 21 compared with the control diet. Dietary supplementation of COS at 200 mg/kg and of CTC increased (P < 0.05) the villus height and villus:crypt ratio at the ileum and jejunum, and COS at 100 mg/kg also increased (P < 0.05) the villus height in the ileum compared with the control diet. The current results indicated that dietary supplementation of COS at 100 and 200 mg/kg enhanced growth performance by increasing apparent digestibility, decreasing the incidence of diarrhea, and improving small intestinal morphology.     

抗菌肽对肉兔小肠黏膜形态、盲肠菌群和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究不同水平抗菌肽对肉兔小肠黏膜形态、盲肠菌群和免疫功能的影响。选取体重相近的35日龄断奶的新西兰肉兔160只,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复8只(公母各占1/2)。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加30 mg/kg喹乙醇以及150、200和250 mg/kg抗菌肽的试验饲粮。试验期8周。结果表明:各添加水平抗菌肽均显著提高了空肠绒毛高度,十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值以及盲肠乳酸杆菌数量(P<0.05),显著降低了空肠隐窝深度以及盲肠总好氧菌和大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05)。此外,200 mg/kg抗菌肽还显著提高了回肠绒毛高度以及盲肠总厌氧菌和双歧杆菌数量(P<0.05),显著降低了十二指肠和回肠隐窝深度(P<0.05),显著增加了血清免疫球蛋白M和补体3含量(P<0.05)。由此得出,在饲粮中添加抗菌肽可以改善肉兔小肠黏膜形态,刺激盲肠有益菌的增殖并抑制有害菌的增殖,同时还可提高机体的免疫功能。本试验条件下,抗菌肽在肉兔饲粮中的适宜添加量为200 mg/kg。     

2种中药成分对肉鸡生产性能、营养物质消化利用率、肠道消化酶活性和肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在探讨日粮中分别添加山楂叶总黄酮、何首乌二苯乙烯苷及二者同时添加对肉鸡生产性能、营养物质消化利用率、肠道消化酶活性和肠道菌群的影响,为二者在肉鸡体内的应用提供理论依据。选用1日龄AA肉鸡128只(公),随机分为4组,即空白对照组(饲喂玉米－豆粕型基础日粮)、试验Ⅰ组(在基础日粮中添加300 mg/kg山楂叶总黄酮)、试验Ⅱ组(在基础日粮中添加150 mg/kg何首乌二苯乙烯苷)和试验Ⅲ组(在基础日粮中添加300 mg/kg山楂叶总黄酮和150 mg/kg何首乌二苯乙烯苷),每组4个重复,每个重复8只。结果表明:①在整个试验期,试验Ⅲ组的平均日增重显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),料重比显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);②试验Ⅲ组的粗蛋白质、钙、总磷的消化利用率显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P＜0.05),粗脂肪的消化利用率极显著低于对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P＜0.01);③试验Ⅲ组的胰蛋白酶活性极显著高于对照组和试验Ⅱ组(P＜0.01),脂肪酶活性极显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),淀粉酶活性极显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P＜0.01);④试验Ⅲ组的回肠和盲肠大肠杆菌数显著低于对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P＜0.05);回肠乳酸杆菌数显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);盲肠乳酸杆菌数显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P＜0.05)。因此,日粮中单独或同时添加山楂叶总黄酮和何首乌二苯乙烯苷具有提高肉仔鸡生产性能和营养物质的消化利用率,增强肠道胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶活性,降低脂肪酶活性,刺激肠道有益菌生长,降低有害菌增殖等作用,但以二者同时添加效果最好。     

饲粮中添加乳铁蛋白对早期断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道菌群及肠黏膜形态的影响

本试验旨在研究在饲粮中添加乳铁蛋白(lactoferrin,LF)对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道菌群及肠黏膜形态的影响。试验选用96头体重相近的21日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+250 mg/kg乳铁蛋白、基础饲粮+500 mg/kg乳铁蛋白和基础饲粮+750 mg/kg乳铁蛋白,每组4个重复,每个重复6头仔猪。正试期21 d。结果表明,与对照组和750 mg/kg乳铁蛋白组相比,饲粮中添加250和500 mg/kg乳铁蛋白可显著提高仔猪平均日增重(P<0.05);与对照组相比,不同水平乳铁蛋白可显著降低盲肠中大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05),其中添加500 mg/kg乳铁蛋白显著提高了盲肠、结肠中乳酸杆菌的数量(P<0.05),显著降低了结肠中大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05);添加250和500 mg/kg乳铁蛋白极显著提高了十二指肠、空肠、回肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值(P<0.01)。结果提示,饲粮中添加乳铁蛋白可刺激肠道有益菌生长、降低有害菌增殖,从而改善肠道功能,具有提高仔猪生长性能的作用,本试验条件下乳铁蛋白的适宜添加量为250 mg/kg。     

The influence of xylanase on the fermentability,digestibility, and physicochemical properties of insoluble corn-based fiber along the gastrointestinal tract of growing pigs

In theory, supplementing xylanase in corn-based swine diets should improve nutrient and energy digestibility and fiber fermentability, but its efficacy is inconsistent. The experimental objective was to investigate the impact of xylanase on energy and nutrient digestibility, digesta viscosity, and fermentation when pigs are fed a diet high in insoluble fiber (>20% neutral detergent fiber; NDF) and given a 46-d dietary adaptation period. A total of 3 replicates of 20 growing gilts were blocked by initial body weight, individually housed, and assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: a low-fiber control (LF) with 7.5% NDF, a 30% corn bran high-fiber control (HF; 21.9% NDF), HF + 100 mg xylanase/kg (HF + XY [Econase XT 25P; AB Vista, Marlborough, UK]) providing 16,000 birch xylan units/kg; and HF + 50 mg arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide (AXOS) product/kg (HF + AX [XOS 35A; Shandong Longlive Biotechnology, Shandong, China]) providing AXOS with 3–7 degrees of polymerization. Gilts were allowed ad libitum access to fed for 36-d. On d 36, pigs were housed in metabolism crates for a 10-d period, limit fed, and feces were collected. On d 46, pigs were euthanized and ileal, cecal, and colonic digesta were collected. Data were analyzed as a linear mixed model with block and replication as random effects, and treatment as a fixed effect. Compared with LF, HF reduced the apparent ileal digestibility (AID), apparent cecal digestibility (ACED), apparent colonic digestibility (ACOD), and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), NDF, and hemicellulose (P < 0.01). Relative to HF, HF + XY improved the AID of GE, CP, and NDF (P < 0.05), and improved the ACED, ACOD, and ATTD of DM, GE, CP, NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose (P < 0.05). Among treatments, pigs fed HF had increased hindgut DM disappearance (P = 0.031). Relative to HF, HF + XY improved cecal disappearance of DM (162 vs. 98 g; P = 0.008) and NDF (44 vs. 13 g; P < 0.01). Pigs fed xylanase had a greater proportion of acetate in cecal digesta and butyrate in colonic digesta among treatments (P < 0.05). Compared with LF, HF increased ileal, cecal, and colonic viscosity, but HF + XY decreased ileal viscosity compared with HF (P < 0.001). In conclusion, increased insoluble corn-based fiber decreases digestibility, reduces cecal fermentation, and increases digesta viscosity, but supplementing xylanase partially mitigated that effect.     

饲用枯草芽孢杆菌对育肥猪生长性能、养分消化、粪便特征及经济效益的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平的饲用枯草芽孢杆菌对9～24周龄育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化及粪便特征的影响。将600头9周龄平均初始体重为（22.96±0.09）kg的商品猪随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复40头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,T1和T2组肥猪分别饲喂基础日粮+100和200?mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌（3×108?CFU/kg）,试验共进行15周。结果：与对照组相比,T2组15?w育肥猪体重显著提高4.37%（P＜0.05）,同时T1和T2组1～15?w育肥猪的平均日增重较对照组分别显著提高3.81%和5.35%（P＜0.05）,饲料报酬分别显著提高4.44%和4.44%（P＜0.05）。T1和T2组育肥猪干物质表观消化率分别较对照组显著提高8.75%和9.37%（P＜0.05）,同时T1组育肥猪有机物表观消化率较对照组显著提高了6.13%（P＜0.05）。日粮添加100和200?mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌可以显著降低6和15?w育肥猪粪便中氨气浓度和大肠杆菌数量（P＜0.05）,同时T1和T2组15?w育肥猪粪便中乳酸杆菌数量也显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：日粮添加100～200?mg/kg饲用枯草芽孢杆菌（3×108?CFU/kg）可改善9～24周龄育肥猪的饲料报酬,改善干物质表观消化率,降低粪中氨气浓度和大肠杆菌数量。 [关键词]育肥猪|枯草芽孢杆菌|生长性能|养分消化|粪便特征     

非淀粉多糖对肉鸡生长和发育的影响

本研究评估了低水平水溶性、碱提取戊聚糖和木聚糖酶对肉鸡生长性能、器官发育和肠道内容物黏度、pH和微生物数量的影响。试验选择平均体重一致的1日龄肉仔鸡504只,随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复18只。对照组饲喂基础日粮、处理组饲喂基础日粮+40 mg/kg水溶性戊聚糖、基础日粮+80 mg/kg水溶性戊聚糖、基础日粮+40 mg/kg碱提取戊聚糖、基础日粮+80 mg/kg碱提取戊聚糖、基础日粮+2 mg/kg木聚糖酶、基础日粮+4 mg/kg木聚糖酶。结果:从第5~15天,对照组和处理组的体重、法氏囊、肌胃和肠道重量逐渐增加。与对照组相比,40 mg/kg水溶性戊聚糖组体重、法氏囊、前胃和肠道重量的均值显著提高(P<0.05)。4 mg/kg木聚糖酶组法氏囊和肌胃平均重量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2 mg/kg木聚糖酶组较40和80 mg/kg碱提取物戊聚糖组显著降低了5~15 d回肠内容物黏度(P<0.05),2 mg/kg木聚糖酶和对照组5和10 d回肠和盲肠内容物pH最低(P<0.05)。40 mg/kg水溶性戊聚糖组及2和4 mg/kg木聚糖酶组直肠乳酸杆菌数量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),同时40 mg/kg水溶性戊聚糖组直肠链球菌和大肠杆菌数量最低(P<0.05)。结论:在玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加水溶性戊聚糖或木聚糖酶可以改善肉鸡体重,其中40 mg/kg水溶性戊聚糖可以促进肉鸡器官发育。     

Effects of fermented garlic powder supplementation on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood characteristics and meat quality in growing‐finishing pigs

One hundred pigs (BW = 50.7 ± 1.89 kg) were used to investigate the effects of fermented garlic powder (FGP) in growing‐finishing pigs. Pigs were allotted to one of five treatments, included: (i) NC (basal diet); (ii) PC (NC + 44 mg/kg of Tylosin); (iii) FGP1 (NC + 1 g/kg FGP); (iv) FGP2 (NC + 2 g/kg FGP); and (v) FGP4 (NC + 4 g/kg FGP). Supplemental FGP increased average daily gain (ADG) and gain/feed ratio compared with those fed NC diet throughout the experiment (P < 0.05, linearly). Dietary PC treatment increased the ADG and average daily feed intake during the first 6 weeks (P < 0.05). The inclusion of FGP2 and FGP4 treatments had higher apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen (P < 0.05) than those in the NC treatment. Dietary NC treatment exhibited lower (P < 0.05) lymphocyte count (6 and 12 weeks) and immunoglobulin G (12 weeks) than those in the other treatments. Marbling scores were higher (P < 0.05) in FGP treatment groups than the NC treatments. Pigs fed on FGP2 and FGP4 diets evidenced lower 2‐thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value (P < 0.05) than those in the NC and PC treatments. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the administration of FGP at a level of 2 or 4 g/kg improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility and meat quality in growing‐finishing pigs.     

益生菌制剂对早期断奶仔猪肠道pH、黏膜形态结构和挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响

本试验旨在研究益生菌制剂对早期断奶仔猪肠道pH、黏膜形态结构和挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响.选用48头平均体重为(6.39±0.42)kg的(21±2)日龄“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪,按性别、体重和窝源基本一致原则随机分为2个组,每个组4个重复,每个重复6头猪.试验1组为对照组,采用基础饲粮;试验2组为益生菌组,每千克基础饲粮中添加1×109 CFU活菌.试验期为21d.结果表明:1)28日龄时,益生菌组回肠内容物pH显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).2)和对照组相比,添加益生菌制剂,28日龄时,显著增加空肠、回肠绒毛高度和上皮内淋巴细胞数量(P＜0.05),显著提高回肠杯状细胞数量(P＜0.05),显著降低回肠隐窝深度(P＜0.05);35日龄时,显著增加空肠、回肠绒毛高度(P＜0.05),显著提高空肠上皮内淋巴细胞数量(P＜0.05),显著降低空肠、回肠隐窝深度(P＜0.05);42日龄时,显著增加空肠、回肠绒毛高度,显著提高空肠上皮内淋巴细胞和杯状细胞数量(P＜0.05),显著降低空肠隐窝深度(P＜0.05).3)28日龄时,益生菌组盲肠内容物中丁酸和乳酸含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);35日龄和42日龄时,益生菌组盲肠内容物中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和乳酸含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).由结果可知,添加益生菌制剂能改善断奶应激对绒毛高度和隐窝深度的影响,提高肠道淋巴细胞数量和挥发性脂肪酸含量,降低肠道pH,从而缓解断奶应激对肠道环境的影响.     

Effect of mannan oligosaccharides and fructan on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, and diarrhea score in weanling pigs

A total of 150 weanling pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average BW of 7.22 ± 0.80 kg (21 d of age) were used in a 28-d trial to determine the effects of dietary fructan and mannan oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, and diarrhea score in weanling pigs. Pigs were allotted randomly to 1 of 5 dietary treatments: 1) negative control (NC), basal diet; 2) positive control (PC), NC + 0.01% apramycin (165 mg/kg); 3) NC + 0.1% fructan (FC); 4) NC + 0.1% mannan oligosaccharide source (MO); and 5) NC + 0.05% fructan + 0.05% mannan oligosaccharide source (FM). There were 3 replications per treatment with 10 pigs per pen (5 barrows and 5 gilts). From d 0 to 14, ADG and ADFI of pigs fed the PC, MO, and FM diets were greater (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the NC diet. From d 15 to 28, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in ADG, ADFI, and G:F. During the overall period (d 0 to 28), pigs fed the MO diet had a greater ADG than pigs fed the NC diet (P < 0.05). Pigs fed the PC and MO diets increased ADFI (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed the NC diet. However, no differences were detected among dietary treatments in G:F during the overall experimental period. On d 14, the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM and N in pigs fed the PC, MO, and FM diets was greater (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the NC diet. The ATTD of DM increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the MO and FM diets compared with pigs fed the FC diet. However, at the end of the experiment, pigs fed the FM diet had a greater (P < 0.05) ATTD of DM compared with pigs fed the NC diet. Additionally, there were no differences in IgG, red blood cells, white blood cells, and lymphocyte counts among dietary treatments on d 0, 14, or 28. The diarrhea score in pigs fed the MO diet was reduced (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed the NC diet. In conclusion, mannan oligosaccharides have a beneficial effect on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weanling pigs. Furthermore, mannan oligosaccharides can decrease diarrhea score in weanling pigs.