刈割对元谋干热河谷区海狮苏丹草生长及生产性能的影响

以牧草鲜草产量、再生速度、分蘖数等为观测指标,研究不同刈割处理和刈割茬数对元谋干热河谷区海狮苏丹草[Sorghum sudanense(Hay king)Stapf.]生长及生产性能的影响。研究结果表明：海狮苏丹草在干热河谷区具有较好的适应性,在其生长季内可刈割5次;留茬高度和茬数对其再生性能和分蘖能力均有显著影响,其中刈割茬数对其再生速度和分蘖数影响最大,随着刈割茬数增加再生速度显著减慢而分蘖数则明显增加;海狮苏丹草不同留茬高度、刈割茬数对生物量均存在显著差异;就生物量和再生能力来看,海狮苏丹草留茬高度     

刈割留茬高度对青稞饲草与籽粒产量及饲用品质的影响

为探究适宜于高寒区青稞多元化利用最佳刈割留茬高度,以昆仑14号、昆仑18号和柴青1号为试验材料,以未刈割为对照(CK),于分蘖盛期开展不同留茬高度的刈割处理,探究留茬高度对青稞农艺性状、籽粒产量、饲草产量及营养品质的影响。结果表明,随着刈割留茬高度的降低,各青稞品种青苗饲草产量均呈逐渐增加的趋势;青苗中粗蛋白含量呈逐渐降低趋势,而纤维类物质含量呈逐渐升高的趋势,使青苗相对饲喂价值显著降低。各青稞品种秸秆饲草产量随刈割留茬高度的降低而降低,且降幅随留茬高度的降低而增大。刈割使青稞秸秆中粗蛋白含量增多,纤维类物质含量减少,相对饲喂价值升高。留茬8 cm有助于促进青稞穗部、茎部和根系的生长发育,使籽粒产量升高;留茬5 cm会抑制青稞各器官的生长发育,使籽粒产量锐减。各品种在留茬8 cm时综合经济产值最高,其中昆仑14号综合经济产值最高,为2.86×10⁴元·hm^-2。参试材料中,昆仑14号为高寒区最适用于粮饲兼用的青稞品种,8 cm为适宜于青稞饲草与籽粒兼收的最佳刈割留茬高度。     

刈割频率对饲用甜高粱产量和饲用价值的影响

以饲用甜高粱海牛品种为试材,以不同刈割频率为处理:年刈割1茬T_(1-1)、年刈割2茬第1次T_(2-1)和第2次T_(2-2),研究刈割频率对甜高粱产量和饲用价值的影响程度。结果表明:(1)适度的刈割频率有利于分蘖,会降低株高、主茎粗和节数;(2)刈割2茬较刈割1茬鲜草产量增加10.66%;(3)营养成分方面,刈割有利于粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分和可溶性糖的积累,却降低了含水量和无氮浸出物含量,而粗纤维变化无明显规律;(4)营养价值T_(2-1)和T_(2-2)分别较T_(1-1)增加13.54%和8.23%;饲用价值由高到低依次是T_(2-2)T_(2-1)T_(1-1),T_(2-2)和T_(2-1)的饲用价值分别较T_(1-1)增加5.62%和1.89%     

不同处理对柱花草种子的产量和质量的影响

以热研5号柱花草为材料,研究了不同的底肥、种植密度、追肥、灌水次数和采收方式对柱花草种子产量和质量的影响。结果表明,3个底肥(磷肥)水平种子产量和质量均高于未施磷水平,0.07 kg/m2处理磷肥水平产量最高,为358.50 kg/hm2,且3个处理相差不大。净度和千粒重最低的处理是0.13 kg/m2磷肥水平,分别为8.87%和2.42 g。种植密度为0.5 m×1.0 m产量最高,为448.63 kg/hm2,种植密度行距为1 m的种子净度、千粒重和出苗率均高于株行距为0.5 m的,净度为9.12%,千粒重为2.63 g,出苗率为74.33%。未追肥条件种子产量最低,为339.96 kg/hm2,种子净度、千粒重和出苗率变化较小。3个灌溉处理种子产量差异较小,未灌溉处理种子千粒重和出苗率最低,分别为2.48 g和42.44%。铺膜采收种子处理种子产量最高,为370.79 kg/hm2,成熟后刈割收种处理种子产量和千粒重最低,分别为197.42 kg/hm2和2.47 g。试验为云南柱花草生产及草业的发展提供理论依据。     

植株刈割对马铃薯块茎形成的影响

刈割是一种重要的农艺措施,不同程度的刈割对于马铃薯生长产生的影响不同。试验采用随机区组设计,探索刈割时期及频次、刈割高度对马铃薯产量、块茎大小分布的影响。在幼苗末期或块茎形成期刈割一次,刈割茎叶程度分别为植株高度1/3或1/4,对马铃薯产量无影响,在幼苗末期和块茎形成期刈割2次会造成马铃薯显著减产。刈割处理会明显增加小薯（<50 g）个数,块茎形成期刈割1/3比例与CK（常规种植）相比显著增加20～50 g单株块茎个数,除幼苗末期刈割1/4比例、幼苗末期刈割1/4+块茎形成期刈割1/4比例2个处理外,其他6个刈割处理与CK相比均显著增加小于20 g单株块茎个数。在幼苗末期或块茎形成期刈割1次,与CK相比单株地上部生物量差异不显著,说明在马铃薯生育前期进行适当刈割补偿效应明显。综上所述,马铃薯幼苗末期或块茎形成期刈割1次,对马铃薯产量无影响,但能增加小薯的数量及重量,有利于马铃薯种薯生产。     

不同刈割周期、留茬高度对4种柱花草属牧草产量的影响

利用正交试验研究了不同刈割周期、留茬高度对4种柱花草属牧草产草量的影响。试验表明,草种和刈割周期对草产量的影响显著,留茬高度对草产量影响不大,各因素对草产量的影响为：RA＞RC＞RB,即品系＞刈割周期＞留茬高度。极差分析得出各因素的最优水平为：A2品系,GC1581柱花草; B4留茬高度,40 cm;C2刈割周期,60 d。     

"涪陵苎麻"的优势及开发策略

涪陵苎麻,因品种优良、生态条件优越、生产技术成熟,有当地政府支持和龙头企业带动,而且产量高（示范片平均产量达256.3kg/666.7m^2,小区产量达325kg/666.7m）、品质好（平均单纤维支数达1970 m/g,最高达2304 m/g）,被用作企业生产高支纱的主要原材料,其开发前景较好。     

苎麻新品种"赣苎4号"的选育

采用系统育种方法从湘苎2号种子繁殖后代选育成功赣苎4号(原代号93-24)新品种,全国区试平均原麻产量2556.6/hm2,比对照品种湘苎2号增产15.5%;单纤维支数三季平均1825m/g,单纤维强力58.95CN.品系试验平均原麻产量2903.1kg/hm2,比对照品种湘苎3号增产33.5%;单纤维支数2012m/g,强力29.2 CN.生产试验中二、三龄麻平均产量2478kg/hm2,比对照品种赣苎 3号增产13.9%.该品种为中根丛生型,抗风性较强,高抗花叶病、炭疽病和根腐线虫病;生育期中熟偏晚,全年三季工艺成熟天数合计195天左右.该品种于2005年12月通过中国麻类作物品种鉴定委员鉴定并命名.     

不同留茬高度对川饲苎2号产量与品质的影响研究

为探究留茬高度对川饲苎2号饲用产量及品质的影响,对不同留茬高度一年内不同批次样品的经济性状、产量性状和品质性状进行研究。结果表明：随着留茬高度的增加,川饲苎2号分株数与叶茎比显著增加;留茬对整株产量和整株粗蛋白产量无显著影响,但可以显著提高年叶产量,尤其第二次和第三次刈割时,留茬对该品种的增产效果十分明显;除了第二次刈割外,留茬可以改善饲用苎麻的营养品质。该研究为饲用苎麻高产优质和持续供给提供了理论依据。     

豆科牧草绿肥圆叶决明、羽叶决明在闽东的再生性研究

通过对9个圆叶决明、羽叶决明品种(系)的再生性能进行观测，及对5个圆叶决明、羽叶决明品种(系)进行收割试验得出：9个品种(系)的再生植株处理的长势、产量和种子产量均好于种子自然落地萌发植株的处理：92985、34721品种(系)表现出较强的综合再生能力和耐割(牧)能力；刈割植株时，留茬高度应控制在20cm以上。     

Effect of land preparation methods on growth, seed yields of Jasmine 105 paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) and growth of weeds, grown in Northeast Thailand

This experiment was carried out on a grower's paddy field, Ban Som Hoeng Village, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham Province, Northeast Thailand with the use of Roi-Et soil series (Oxic Paleustults) in the rainy season of the 2006 (May to November) to investigate effect of land preparation methods on rice plant heights, amounts of weeds and seed yields of Jasmine 105 aromatic paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The results showed that plant height due to treatments was significantly highest for T3 but T3 was similar to T2, whilst T1 (control) was the least. Mean values of dry weight of narrow leaf type of weeds, in most cases, were significantly lowest with T3 followed by T2 and T3, particularly at the final two sampling periods. Broad leaf type of weeds was significantly highest with T2 throughout the experimental period, whilst T1 and T3, in most cases, were similar. Unfilled seeds were significantly highest with T3 but similar to T1 but T2 was the lowest, whilst filled seeds were significantly highest with T3, both T1 and T2 gave a similar weight. Numbers of panicles m(-2) were significantly highest with T3 but T3 was similar to T2, whilst T1 was the least. Seed size or 1000-seed weight was significantly highest with T3, whilst T2 and T1 were similar. Seed yield was highest and highly significant with T3 (1,136.25 kg ha(-1)) but T3 was similar to T2 (1,083.31 kg ha(-1)), whilst T1 was the lowest (487.50 kg ha(-1)). Land preparation method of T3 treatment may be recommended as the first choice, whilst T2 may be used as an alternative choice.     

大麻新品种云麻1号的选育及其栽培技术

采用系统选育法从云南地方品种中选育出云麻l号大麻品种，2001年7月通过云南省品种审定委员会审定。经过1998-1999两年的云南省多点试验及1999-2000年两年的生产试验示范，云麻1号纤维产量为1．8t／hm^2，鲜茎出麻率6．5％，平均断裂强度438N。种子千粒重25g，含油量32．24％。四氢大麻酚(THC-tetrahydmcannabinol)含量约0．03％。具有抗旱性强、适应性广、高产、优质、THC含量低等特点。并提出了该品种相应的栽培技术要点。     

鄂马铃薯5号标准原种高效生产试验

为加快高产、高抗晚疫病的国审马铃薯新品种"鄂马铃薯5号"的推广应用,进一步降低马铃薯脱毒种薯的生产成本,本试验在高海拔地区(1 880 m)对标准原种(≥5g)的高效生产进行了初步试验。试验对脱毒原原种以不同的密度进行栽培,统计标准原种的产量及效益。试验结果为:原原种的种植密度每667 m2为32 000株时,标准原种产量及效益最高,分别达14.22万粒和10 220元。试验结果还表明:随着种植密度的增大,低重量标准种薯的比例逐渐增加,尤其是5~15 g的种薯比例增加较大,标准种薯的平均单薯重逐渐降低,以利减少种薯的运输成本。     

Evaluation of seed production potential in white clover (Trifolium repens L. varietal improvement programmes

The components of actual and potential seed yield were examined in field experiments on a wide range of varieties of white clover (Trifolium repens L.). The factors affecting seed yield under conditions typical of management regimes used in the production of commercial seed crops were assessed in two experiments. In the first, carried out on spaced plants, considerable diferences are shown between six varieties across the range of leaf sizes in the distribution and profuseness of inflorescence production through the flowering season. In the second, carried out in plots, typical on-farm criteria were used to choose a single harvest date. Significant variation was found between varieties, including representatives of different leaf size categories, for seed yield components that include number of inflorescences m^?2, number of florets per inflorescence and harvestable seed weight. Large-leaved varieties tended to produce more seeds per floret and higher seed weights per inflorescence, whereas small-leaved varieties gave the highest number of inflorescences ^?2. However, the small-leaved variety AderDale, selected for strong peduncles, was exceptional, giving high values for all seed yield components. The impact of weather conditions on many seed yield components (e.g. total number of inflorescences) was demonstrated by the differences between the 2 years of the experiment. However, other characterstics, e.g. number of florets per inflorescence and number of seeds per floret, did not vary between years. Deviations from potential seed yield were assessed fromthe perspective of commerical seed production. The implications of these results for the production of white clover varieties with increased seed yields under UK conditions are discussed.     

Effects of debittering methods on the proximate composition,organoleptic and functional properties of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed flour

Sesame seeds were boiled and allowed to sprout under ambient condition (30±2 °C) with an objective to reduce or eliminate the bitter taste associated with them. The untreated seeds were used as a control. The proximate composition, functional and organoleptic properties of defatted sesame flour were assessed at room temperature. There was a slight increase (about 10%) in protein content of sprouted seeds. The foaming capacity of flours from untreated, sprouted and boiled seeds were 34.6, 38.5 and 11.5%, respectively. The flour from the boiled seeds had the highest foam stability. Flours from untreated or sprouted seeds, gelation started at the least concentration of 6% whereas that from boiled seed was 11%. The emulsion capacity of flours from the untreated or sprouted seeds was the same (27.6 g oil/g sample) while that from boiled seeds was 12.9 g oil/g sample. Emulsion stability with prolonged storage appeared to be more with flours from the sprouted or boiled seeds than that from the untreated ones. The water absorption properties of flours from the untreated, sprouted and boiled seeds were 8.0, 5.9 and 6.5 g H₂O/g sample, respectively whereas the oil absorption capacity same (5.9 g oil/g sample). The bitter taste in flours from the untreated or sprouted was high. The bitter taste was not detected in flour from boiled seeds and the functional properties of the flour were not deleteriously affected except foaming and emulsion capacity. Therefore, this boiling method of debittering sesame seed could be practised. The quality of sesame flour obtained with this boiling method could still serve its role in traditional dishes and in the formulation of some other conventional food products.     

Studies on the adaptability of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC) to marginal soil conditions under semi-arid sub tropics

A cultivation trial of winged bean under its popularisation programme has been undertaken on marginal sodic soils. The study showed no abnormality at any stage of the culture and the food value of the produce was concurrent with those reported in literature. The seed production (0.7–1.56 tons/hectare) was in accordance with the average yield obtained in other tropical countries. The highest seed yield (2.199 tons/hectare) was obtained when the seeds were sown at 32.4 cm² spacing. Staked crops yielded 73% more seeds. The oil (18%), free from parinaric acid, and protein (28.8% on the seed) contents of the seed tally with the values reported elsewhere. The seed oil can be stored for a longer time without any change in its quality.     

Bioavailability of iron from four different local food plants in Jordan

The bioavailability of iron from local plants(black cumin seeds, milk thistle seeds, sesame seedsand thyme leaves) was investigated. Apparentabsorption of iron was calculated by subtracting fecal iron(using total collection of feces) from iron intake inSprague-Dawley rats. Two trials of animal feeding wereperformed. Liver and serum concentrations of iron, andserum hemoglobin concentration were taken as responseparameters for the bioavailability. Dry thyme wasparticularly rich in iron (117.2 mg/100 g dry matter)and milk thistle seeds in crude fiber (25 g/100 g drymatter). Rats fed the dry thyme diet or thatsupplemented with 5% egg white died but when the dietwas supplemented with 10% egg white, the animalssurvived. Iron intake and apparent and total ironabsorption were highest for the rats fed the drythyme-egg white diet. Liver weights for the groups fedblack cumin seeds and dry thyme were significantlyhigher (p < 0.05) than those for the groups fed milkthistle and sesame seeds. Liver content of ironwas highest for the animals fed black cumin seeds.Serum iron content increased significantly (p < 0.05)for the animals fed black cumin seeds, and serumhemoglobin concentration increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the groups fed milk thistle seed and blackcumin seed diets, but decreased for the group fed thethyme-egg white diet. It is concluded from this studythat iron was better utilized from black cumin seedsas indicated by liver storage of iron. On the otherhand, thyme had the highest iron absorption but lowestutilization.     

重组人血清白蛋白在紫花苜蓿中的转基因表达

为获得高产重组人血清白蛋白的转基因紫花苜蓿"游客"(Medicago sativa L. cv.‘Eureka’)株系用于规模化生产rHSA,构建了rHSA植物表达载体。以紫花苜蓿子叶愈伤组织为受体,通过农杆菌介导法进行遗传转化,筛选出潮霉素抗性植株,提取抗性再生紫花苜蓿植株基因组DNA做PCR鉴定,结果表明重组人血清白蛋白基因片段已整合到紫花苜蓿基因组中;提取转基因植株总蛋白,Western blotting检测结果表明rHSA在转基因植株中成功表达。此结果表明转基因紫花苜蓿可稳定表达rHSA。      

橄榄种子休眠生理与层积效应

探究橄榄种子休眠生理与层积对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响效应,为橄榄及其他核果类果树种子休眠生理研究和种苗繁育提供参考。以未层积种子（层积0 d）为对照,对橄榄种子进行不同时间（每10 d一处理,共10个处理）的层积处理,研究橄榄种子在层积过程中营养物质、激素水平等生理生化变化,以及不同层积时间种子的萌发和幼苗生长情况。结果表明：层积处理缩短了橄榄种子发芽启动时间,对橄榄种子萌发均有促进作用。层积90 d和100 d的橄榄种子发芽率最高,均为82.22%,比CK种子（53.33%）高54.17%,发芽指数也显著高于其他处理时间,层积100 d的橄榄种子发芽指数是CK的8.5倍（P<0.05）。层积能提高橄榄幼苗地上部生物量,以90、100 d处理的橄榄幼苗生长最好。橄榄种子的主要营养贮藏物质是粗脂肪（70.85%~81.67%）,在层积过程中呈先升后降的趋势。新鲜橄榄种子（CK）中ABA含量较高（16.64 ng/g）,而GA₃未检测到。随层积时间延长,ABA与SA含量快速下降,GA₃含量增加,IAA/ABA升高,利于种子休眠解除。层积处理橄榄种子有利于其营养物质达到萌发所需水平,加快内源激素变化,促进种子发芽和幼苗地上部生长,以层积90~100 d最佳。