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PCR技术及实用方法 总被引:50,自引:16,他引:50
本文系统介绍了PCR技术的原理,反应组分、反应程序及PCR产物的电泳检测方法。这些实用的:PCR方法大都来源于国内外一些著名的实验室并经海南省农作物分子育种重点实验室改进而成。这些方法作为分子植物育种实验室的技术平台具有非常好的实用性,能满足常规的分子生物学及生物工程技术研究的要求。 相似文献
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植物矮生性状的分子遗传研究进展 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
近年来,随着分子生物学和基因组学的飞速发展,对作物高产性状,高产机理及其相关基因的研究愈加深入,应用基因工程技术对作物进行遗传改良已成为提高作物产量的有效途径,培育理想株型已成为作物育种的重要目标。株高是高等作物的重要农艺性状之一,植株过高容易引起倒伏而减产,而矮生植株抗倒能力强,高产,因而矮化育种对培育理想株型十分重要,矮生基因的发掘研究和利用也越来越受到重视。本文综述了目前高等作物矮生性的分子遗传研究进展,特别是对水稻、小麦、玉米、黄瓜、西瓜和番茄等主要作物矮生性状的遗传特点、分子标记、矮生基因的克隆等方面的研究进展做了较为详细的总结和评价,分析了激素对高等植物矮生突变体的调控,提出了高等植物矮生资源的利用和矮化育种中存在的问题,并探讨了高等植物矮生性状分子遗传学研究和分子育种的发展趋势。 相似文献
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An introduction to markers, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and marker-assisted selection for crop improvement: The basic concepts 总被引:24,自引:2,他引:24
Recognizing the enormous potential of DNA markers in plant breeding, many agricultural research centers and plant breeding institutes have adopted the capacity for marker development and marker-assisted selection (MAS). However, due to rapid developments in marker technology, statistical methodology for identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and the jargon used by molecular biologists, the utility of DNA markers in plant breeding may not be clearly understood by non-molecular biologists. This review provides an introduction to DNA markers and the concept of polymorphism, linkage analysis and map construction, the principles of QTL analysis and how markers may be applied in breeding programs using MAS. This review has been specifically written for readers who have only a basic knowledge of molecular biology and/or plant genetics. Its format is therefore ideal for conventional plant breeders, physiologists, pathologists, other plant scientists and students. 相似文献
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To develop better varieties for farmers to increase overall agricultural productivity Monsanto Company has continued to lead innovations in plant biotech breeding molecular breeding.…… 《分子植物育种》2007,5(2):298-298
To develop better varieties for farmers and to increase overall agricultural productivity, Monsanto Company has continued to lead innovations in plant biotech, breeding and molecular breeding. In Molecular breeding, nongel based SNP markers have replaced traditional gel-based markers. Our advanced SNP discovery pipeline enabled us to rapidly identify thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for use as markers in any crops of choice. High-density SNP maps have been successfully constructed for major crops and these maps have provided a useful tool for QTL identification, Marker-Assisted Breeding, Association Study as well as biotech trait integration. Our high level of automation, in conjunction with accurate data tracking and analytical systems, has made it possible to achieve high throughput and unattended 24-hour operations for reliable and cost-effective large volume genotyping and data analysis. As genetic information continues to accumulate, confirmed associations between markers and traits grow. Such information will allow breeders to gain insight into the genetic determinants underlying complex agronomic traits. Furthermore, 相似文献
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The evaluation and use of the vast diversity contained in plant genetic resources (PGR) is a main challenge for today’s plant breeding. The use of molecular markers has hugely increased the knowledge about genetic diversity and great hopes are raised about the potential of marker assisted selection [MAS; sometimes also termed SMART breeding (Selection with Markers and Advanced Reproductive Technologies)] to help increasing the use of PGR and maintaining crop genetic diversity. Another approach growing attention has been paid to over the past two decades and which also aims to increase variation in crops is evolutionary and participatory breeding (EPB). In this paper we discuss both the potential of marker-assisted breeding strategies and the potential of EPB breeding to contribute to the maintenance, increase and development of agrobiodiversity. The potentials of molecular markers in the evaluation and use of PGR and their documented contribution to agrobiodiversity are reviewed and results from guided interviews with scientists and breeders are given. Despite tremendous research efforts involving molecular markers, it is still difficult to obtain a clear picture how molecular markers contribute to the use of PGR in plant breeding. Minor and major crops do not benefit to the same degree from recent developments in marker technology. It therefore depends at least in part on economic considerations whether SMART breeding or EPB strategies or both are implemented in the breeding process of a crop. A general decision in favor or against MAS or EPB when breeding for diversity would not yield optimum results. 相似文献
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植物对氮素吸收利用的研究进展 总被引:21,自引:2,他引:19
摘要: 本文对近年来植物对氮素吸收的研究进展进行了详细的阐述,从氮素对植物生长发育的影响、植物对氮素利用的生理机制和分子机制三个方面进行了总结,旨在为植物营养育种提供一定的理论依据,从而实现提高植物氮素利用效率的目的。 相似文献
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近年来植物病害问题的频繁发生,严重影响着中国农业的生产与发展。为了提高植物抗病能力,从而抵御植物病害,本文归纳了基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学技术在植物抗病研究中的应用,总结了培育抗病品种、生物防治、植物病害监测技术等方法来减轻植物病害,从分子水平上分析了不同植物抗病机理,揭示相关抗病基因与其生长发育之间的密切关联。同时本文指出组学技术应用于植物抗病存在的不足,仍有一些低丰富度或低分子量的功能蛋白未被成功鉴定,提出提高检测技术的灵敏度、完善基因、代谢数据库等意见。组学技术不断发展与创新,为防治植物病害带来了新的契机。将有助于抗病品种的选育、病原菌的检测与防治和提高植物抗病能力等,从而促进植物生长和增加作物产量。 相似文献
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CRISPR/Cas9系统是一项简单、高效的基因定点编辑技术,在植物遗传改良及作物良种选育等方面具有重要的应用价值。本研究主要介绍了CRISPR/Cas9的原理及构建方法,论述了近年来CRISPR/Cas9技术在植物基因功能及基因表达调控、植物基因组的定向编辑以及作物分子育种中的应用及研究进展,分析了该基因编辑系统的主要影响因素及优化改进方式,探讨了该系统在应用中的问题及解决途径并对今后发展方向进行了展望,为该技术在植物基因组定点编辑及作物遗传育种等领域研究提供参考。 相似文献