沙葱种子发育过程中生理生化变化规律

以花后10~40d的沙葱种子为试材,研究其发育过程中形态及生理生化指标的变化规律,以期探明沙葱种子的适宜采收期。结果表明:发育过程中沙葱种子和果实的含水量及种子千粒重均呈下降趋势;花后35~40d时,种皮由灰褐色转为黑色;花后25~40d时种子已具萌发能力,发芽率16.67%~26.67%;随着发育天数的增加,沙葱种子蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉和可溶性糖含量及脂氧合酶(LOX)活性呈上升趋势,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈先下降后升高的趋势,过氧化物酶(POD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量呈先上升后下降的趋势;花后35~40d,生理生化指标趋于稳定,种子已达到生理成熟;因此,沙葱种子在花后35~40d即可采收,为适宜的采收期。     

花椰菜种质资源遗传完整性变化的生理生化特性研究

为了找到适合表现花椰菜种质遗传完整性的生理生化指标,为作物种质资源的收集和保存工作提供依据。以3个品种的花椰菜种质为试材,研究了经老化处理后种子的发芽率、发芽势、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖含量和电导率值的变化。结果表明:随着老化处理时间的加长,种子发芽率和发芽势、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量均呈下降状态,可溶性糖含量以及电导率值显著增加。由相关性分析可知,不同品种最适的遗传完整性评价指标不同,POD活性、SOD活性、电导率值和可溶性糖含量能够作为花椰菜品种遗传完整性的评价指标。     

黄瓜种子的人工老化及基因组DNA的提取

在模拟高温(40℃)、高湿(RH 100%)条件下,研究了人工加速老化的黄瓜种子生活力与活力指标的变化,并分别提取老化程度不同的黄瓜种子基因组DNA(老化时间分别为1～15 d)进行质量检测.研究结果表明,黄瓜种子经老化处理后,DNA的量没有明显差异,但是DNA的分子量大小随老化程度的增加有明显下降的趋势.说明黄瓜种子的基因组DNA在人工老化的过程中发生了一定的降解,DNA受到了某种程度的损伤.老化时间越长,DNA损伤越严重.     

超重力处理对黄瓜幼苗生理生化指标的影响

以1000×g、1500×g、2000×g的超重力对刚萌动的黄瓜种子分别处理1、2、3 h,研究其对黄瓜幼苗生理生化指标的影响.结果表明:处理组黄瓜幼苗的叶绿素a(Chla)含量均高于对照组,叶绿素b(Chlb)含量均低于对照组,总叶绿素含量1 000×g、2 h,1 000×g、3 h,1 500×g、1 h和2 000×g、2 h处理的高于对照组.处理组丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化物氧(POD)活性高于对照组,而处理组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、超氧化物酶(SOD)活性均低于对照组.超重力处理可提高黄瓜对逆境的适应性,作为一诱变条件可用于植物的抗逆育种实践中.     

固体基质引发提高黄瓜种子活力研究

以黄瓜品种南水1 号、超市1 号和南抗1 号贮藏5 a 的陈种子为试材,研究不同固体基质引
发对老化黄瓜种子活力的影响。结果表明：固体基质引发处理可以改善老化黄瓜种子的膜透性,减轻膜脂
过氧化作用,提高种子活力,促进其萌发,蛭石和珍珠岩引发处理均可以不同程度地提高老化黄瓜种子的
萌发率和萌发速度,降低种子浸出液的相对电导率、可溶性糖含量及丙二醛含量,提高SOD 活性;椰糠
引发处理的黄瓜老化种子萌发特性及生理指标与对照差异不显著。     

纯化腐植酸对NO3-胁迫下黄瓜种子萌发及生理生化特性的影响

以‘新泰密刺’和‘津优1号’黄瓜种子为试材,采用培养皿发芽方式,研究了添加纯化腐植酸PHA(添加浓度0、25、50、100、150mg·L~(-1))对NO_3~-胁迫下(75mmol·L~(-1))黄瓜种子萌发及幼芽抗氧化物酶活性的影响。结果表明:NO_3~-胁迫使黄瓜种子发芽率、主根长、侧根长、侧根数、下胚轴长度和粗度以及幼芽鲜质量明显减少;添加PHA处理使2个黄瓜品种的上述项目值都明显增加,表明部分缓解了NO_3~-胁迫。黄瓜种子发芽过程中,由于NO_3~-胁迫,幼芽的电解质渗漏率显著增加、子叶中α-淀粉酶活力下降、胚根脱氢酶活力增加;胚根和胚轴中丙二醛(MDA)及可溶性蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均增加。添加PHA后,幼芽的电解质渗漏率显著减小,随PHA浓度的增加,减小的差值变小;子叶中α-淀粉酶活性和胚根脱氢酶活性增加,添加PHA浓度高时呈下降趋势;胚根和胚轴中MDA含量减少,添加PHA浓度高时又有增加趋势;可溶性蛋白质含量增加,添加PHA浓度高时显示下降趋势;SOD、POD、CAT活性均呈下降趋势。黄瓜种子发芽受到NO_3~-胁迫时,都因PHA的添加而表现出不同程度对NO_3~-胁迫的正向缓解,使幼芽趋于正常。黄瓜种子发芽在NO_3~-胁迫添加PHA后的生理生化指标的变化也表现出品种和器官不同的感受性差异。该试验表明,以PHA添加100mg·L~(-1)处理对胁迫NO_3~-下黄瓜种子效果较佳。     

重金属Zn2+对花椰菜种子的萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响

以花椰菜(Brassica oleracea L.var.botrytis L.)种子为试材,研究了在锌胁迫下,对其种子萌发及幼苗生理生化的影响。结果表明:不同浓度Zn~(2+)(12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0mg·L-1)处理花椰菜种子后,对该植物种子的萌发率影响较小;幼苗受不同浓度Zn~(2+)胁迫作用后,根的生长发育影响较大,叶片内叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量呈下降趋势;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈先降后升的趋势;丙二醛(MDA)含量和脯氨酸(Pro)含量呈上升趋势;根活力呈下降趋势。     

盐碱混合胁迫对黄瓜幼苗根系主要生理代谢的影响

以“津绿3号”黄瓜种子为试材,设置了中性盐NaCl和碱性盐NaHCO3同比例混合的4种不同浓度盐碱液,研究了盐碱胁迫对黄瓜幼苗根系主要生理代谢变化规律的影响.结果表明:NaCl和NaHCO混合胁迫提高了黄瓜根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖的含量.当处理浓度为30 mmol/L NaCl+30 mmol/L NaHCO3时,黄瓜幼苗根系SOD活性、POD活性和可溶性糖含量显著高于对照,而MDA含量与对照差异不明显.综合各项生理指标,“津春3号”黄瓜幼苗根系能耐30 mmol/L NaCl+30 mmol/LNaHCO3的盐碱胁迫.     

黄瓜果实成熟衰老过程中几种物质的变化

以黄瓜品种D0313和649为试材,对果实自然成熟衰老过程中外观形态和若干重要生理生化指标进行了研究。结果表明,两个黄瓜品种的脂氧合酶（LOX）活性前期上升后期下降;可溶性蛋白质含量有个迅速下降过程;谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性前期保持稳定,衰老后期急剧上升。两个品种之间变化趋势基本一致,其中存在的差异可能是造成两个品种果实衰老表现不同的原因所在。初步认为,膜脂过氧化作用是导致黄瓜果实衰老的主要生理原因之一。     

土霉素胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生理特性的影响

以水果黄瓜为试材，采用土壤盆栽试验，研究了不同浓度土霉素(5、10、20、40、80 mg·L^-1)胁迫对黄瓜种子萌发、幼苗形态、渗透调节物质含量以及抗氧化酶活性等生理特性的影响，以期为土霉素的合理使用提供参考依据。结果表明：土霉素胁迫对黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响整体表现为抑制作用。土霉素对黄瓜种子发芽率的影响不显著，较高浓度(≥40 mg·L^-1)土霉素降低了发芽势、胚根长度以及幼苗的形态生长、叶绿素含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性。不同浓度土霉素胁迫提高了黄瓜幼苗可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质(SP)、脯氨酸(Pro)、抗坏血酸(AsA)、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.