兔脑原虫病

兔脑原虫病顾有方沈永林汪志楷（南京农业大学动物医学院２１００９５）兔脑原虫病（Ｅｎｃｅｐｈａｌｉｔｏｚｏｏｎｏｓｉｓ）是由兔脑原虫（Ｅｎｃｅｐｈａｌｉｔｏｚｏｏｎｃｕｎｉｃｕｌｉ）寄生于兔脑和肾脏所引起的一种疾病。一般呈慢性、隐性或亚临床经过［１、２...     

兔脑炎原虫病脑组织的病理形态学观察

兔患脑炎原虫病时脑组织的病损主要是特异性肉芽肿和非化脓性脑炎。肉芽肿有３种类型：即上皮细胞性、增生性和坏死性肉芽肿。非化脓性脑炎有局灶性和弥漫性之分。隐性感染病兔的肉芽肿主要位于脑白质，肉芽肿周围有局灶性非化性脑炎变化。有症状病兔的肉芽肿不仅存在于白质，而且累及灰质；非化脓性脑炎弥漫性发生。在脑血管的内皮细胞中发现假囊，小血管中有血栓形成；受累的神经细胞中发现有较多量的脑炎原虫。     

水貂阿留申病病理学研究初报

应用病理学技术,比较４种生物制剂接种水貂后的免疫反应,为筛选安全有效的阿留申病（ＡＤ）疫苗,提供可靠的科学理论依据。     

獭兔脑原虫病的诊断

对发生脑原虫病的獭兔进行尸体剖检和组织病理学检查，尸体剖检发现肾脏有2-4mm灰白色凹陷区，组织病理学检查可见典型的肉芽肿性脑炎及间质性肾炎的变化，这是该病特征性的病理形态学的变化，并在大脑胶质结节内和肾脏髓质见到虫体的剖面。     

Mesangioproliferative Glomerulonephritis in Mink with Encephalitozoonosis

Renal specimens from 6 mink with encephalitozoonosis were studied by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The glomeruli of affected kidneys had a mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis which was characterized by an increase in mesangial cells and matrix in most glomeruli. Some glomeruli were partially or completely sclerosed. There were protein or granular casts in the cortical and medullary tubules. Interstitial nephritis, vasculitis and tubular cysts were found. Electron microscopy demonstrated extensive matrix and increased cellularity in the mesangial areas. Glomeruli showed segmentally thickened or wrinkled capillary basement membranes. Electron dense deposits were found in the glomerular basement membranes and mesangium. Peroxidase-anti-peroxidase immunohistochemistry demonstrated that IgG and IgM positive material was present as granular deposits in the glomerular basement membrane and occasionally in the mesangium.     

Bacteriological Quality of Ready-Mixed Mink Feed in Finland

Frozen samples of Finnish ready-mixed mink feed were analyzed for total bacterial count, the number of faecal streptococci, the coliform count, the number of haemolytic bacteria and the number of sulphite-reducing bacteria. The investigation comprised 242 feed samples from 38 central kitchens and larger private farm kitchens, the combined feed production of which is about 85 % of the yearly feed production of Finland.Of all samples 48.3 % had a total bacterial count of 10⁶ … 6} × 106 bacteria per g of feed. The total bacterial count was relatively constant during the first four production periods of the year (December-August) and was elevated during the last period (September-November). The percentage of samples containing less than 2.5 × 10⁴ faecal streptococci per g of feed was 49.8 %; 62 % of the samples contained less than 2.5 × 10⁴ coliform bacteria per g. The content of coliform bacteria was lowest during the third production period (May); 48.5 % of the samples contained 5 × 10³ … 10⁵ haemolytic bacteria per g, and 4.6 % were negative. The content of haemolytic bacteria was relatively constant during the whole production year; 52.6 % of the feed samples contained 5 × 10³ … 10⁵ sulphite-reducing bacteria per g, and 17.2 % were negative. The mean content of sulphite-reducing bacteria was lowest during the second production period (March-April).The results are discussed and compared with corresponding results from Norway and Denmark.     

Pathogenic,Enterotoxin-Producing Staphylococci in Mink Feed and Mink Feed Raw Materials

Samples of 51 mink feeds and 101 raw material batches were analysed for pathogenic staphylococci. Of the feed samples 37 % were contaminated with pathogenic staphylococci, the mean count being 3.02 log CFU (colony forming units)/g and the highest count being 4.48 log CFU/g of feed. Of the raw materials investigated, slaughter-house offals were most frequently contaminated and contained highest counts of S. aureus, 60 % of the samples being positive with a mean log count of 3.86/g and a maximum of 5.70/g. Forty-eight staphylococcal isolates were tested for eniterotoxin production. Toxin A, B or G were produced by eight isolates, A being the most common. None of the isolates produced B or E toxins.     

丹麦水貂饲养业

通过对丹麦 3个大规模水貂饲养场、饲养加工厂、饲养设备加工厂、取皮设备加工厂的考察 ,初步了解和认识了丹麦水貂品种的特征特性 ,饲养管理和取皮加工的系统性 ,以及丹麦水貂养殖业的特点     

金州黑色标准水貂对中国养貂行业的影响

介绍了金州黑色标准水貂这一品种的培育过程和优良特性 ,阐述了该水貂新品种对推动中国水貂养殖行业的发展将起到很大的作用     

水貂饲料资源的探索

针对养殖业蛋白质资源面临世界范围的紧缺危机,又因水貂的消化生理结构、消化酶分泌的种类与量的限制,而导致的水貂蛋白质饲料资源面临枯竭,可替代资源很少等原因,进而对水貂蛋白质饲料资源的探索加以综述。     

水貂阿留申病诊断技术研究进展

水貂阿留申病是水貂养殖业的重要疫病,目前无疫苗预防,主要通过发展诊断技术,淘汰感染貂防控该病。论文总结了在貂场应用的基因与抗体检测技术,基因检测具有高灵敏度和特异性,能够检测到动物带毒感染,不同类型的基因检测技术对变异性强的阿留申病毒检测各有所长;抗体检测是水貂阿留申病的主要检测方式,研究者不断创新和改进原有技术,趋向对阿留申病的规模化精准检测,但单一的抗体检测方法淘汰感染貂具有局限性。论文通过对两类检测技术分析,建议采用基因与抗体的联合检测方法,从感染貂群中区分耐受貂或抗性貂,期望为国内高感染率貂场的检测和选种提供参考。     

水貂肠炎细小病毒灭活疫苗抗体消长规律的研究

应用血凝抑制试验对水貂肠炎细小病毒灭活疫苗免疫水貂进行抗体水平动态监测,结果表明,疫苗接种14 d抗体达到保护,21~30 d抗体水平达到高峰;免疫180 d抗体仍在保护值以上。攻毒试验证实,免疫180 d后90%免疫水貂获得保护,确定水貂细小病毒性肠炎灭活疫苗免疫保护期可持续6个月。     

Organ Distribution of Some Clinically Important Enzymes in Mink

The activity and relative distribution of eight clinically important enzymes were measured in nine different organs in 10 healthy minks. Of the enzymes studied, OCT, ASAT and ALAT had higher absolute activities when compared to many other animals. This is believed to be adaptation to a high protein diet. OCT shows absolute liver specificity, and even ALAT is relatively liver specific in mink. SDH is found in relatively high concentrations in the liver as well as in the kidney. The organ distribution of the other enzymes investigated in mink – AP, CK, γ-GT and LD – is much the same as in many other animal species. Their clinical significance in serum is therefore the same.     

Experimental Staphyloenterotoxicosis in Mink

Experimental staphyloenterotoxicosis was produced in minks by oral administration of mink feed containing 5 or 200 µg of purified enterotoxin A per test animal. The animals became very exhausted after the ingestion of toxin. Vomiting was observed in two of seven minks of the lower toxin group with a latent period of 2.5 to 4.0 h. The higher toxin concentration caused vomiting in four of seven test animals with a latent period of 2.0 to 2.5 h. Vomitus was accompanied by strong salivation. Poor appetite was observed in four of seven minks having ingested 5 µg of SEA, and 200 µg caused total loss of appetite in all the test animals. After a test period of 22 h all the animals but one had normal appetite. Diarrhoea was prominent in three of seven minks with the low toxin concentration and in all with the high toxin concentration. Statistically significant haemato-logical changes compared to the control group were an increase in neutrophil count and a decrease in lymphocyte count in the high toxin group. Significant changes in the blood chemical data were an increase in blood urea nitrogen with 200 µg of SEA and a decline in the cholesterol level in both toxin groups.