同位素指纹分析技术在食品产地溯源中的应用进展

食品的产地溯源有利于保护原产地,保护地区名牌,保护特色产品,确保公平竞争,增强消费者对食品安全的信心,并能有效防止食源性病源菌的扩散。同位素分析是用于食品产地溯源的有效技术之一,而且对食品原料如酒、饮料、乳品、肉品、谷物等普遍适用。本文重点介绍了同位素溯源技术的基本原理,几种常用同位素在自然界中的变化机理,以及它们在不同食品溯源中的研究现状。推动同位素溯源技术在食品安全领域的研究与应用,促进食品追溯制度的建立与完善。     

茶叶产地溯源与鉴别检测技术研究进展

茶叶是我国重要的特色农产品,地域特色和品质特征明显,溯源与鉴别检测技术对保证其产地和品质真实性具有重要意义.本文系统介绍了国内外茶叶产地溯源和种类鉴别中稳定同位素、多矿物元素、近红外光谱和化学指纹图谱等检测技术的研究进展,分析茶叶产地溯源与鉴别检测技术面临的关键问题,提出茶叶产地溯源和鉴别的研究重点,对我国茶叶原产地保护具有积极的借鉴作用.     

基于模糊综合分析方法的谷物溯源颗粒优化设计

身份标识技术是食品溯源系统中的关键技术之一,有效的身份标识技术应具有唯一性、识别鲁棒性、耐磨损性的特点。针对粮食生产中谷物生产多源头混合配送和分销而难以追溯到源产地的问题,该文提出采用溯源颗粒标识谷物身份信息的方法,以生产工艺参数压力及配方为影响因素,设计了影响基于糖类型和基于纤维素类型2种溯源颗粒的表面粗糙度的正交试验;并应用模糊综合评判方法分析2种溯源颗粒最优工艺参数组合。该研究探索了具有较光滑表面的追溯颗粒生产过程中生产参数的优化策略,为进一步研究谷物溯源颗粒的信息标识及提高生产工艺提供技术支持。     

利用稳定同位素进行农产品溯源研究进展

随着消费者对农产品质量与安全要求的提高,农产品溯源保持着良好的发展态势。稳定同位素在农产品研究中应用广泛,主要包括农产品产地溯源、真伪鉴别等。在产地溯源方面,研究较多的是牛肉、羊肉、牛奶、葡萄酒、蜂蜜、水产品、茶叶、谷物等农产品。一直以来,缩小溯源区域范围是产地溯源的难点和重点。稳定同位素技术与矿物元素技术、氨基酸技术、脂肪酸技术相结合是缩小溯源区域范围的最佳方法。在农产品真伪鉴别方面,农产品掺杂掺假形式多样、手段复杂,消费者难以辨别。在农产品加工过程中稳定同位素分馏方面,研究已经展开,且逐步深入。本文综述了2015—2020年稳定同位素在农产品产地溯源、真伪鉴别以及加工过程中的分馏研究进展,阐述了稳定同位素与其他技术结合进行农产品溯源区域范围的研究,并对利用稳定同位素进行农产品溯源研究予以总结和展望。     

稳定同位素在植物源性农产品产地溯源研究进展

产地溯源是保护农产品品牌及地区特色产品、防止欺诈、保护消费者权益的有效保障。稳定同位素指纹分析是用于食品产地溯源的有效技术之一,具有高效、准确、可靠的特点。本文系统分析了近5年来,稳定同位素指纹分析技术在植物源性初级农产品、加工农产品溯源中的应用以及稳定同位素在食品加工过程中分馏变化的研究进展。在此基础上,展望了今后稳定同位素在植物源性农产品产地溯源中的研究重点和发展方向。     

基于SNP标记的肉产品溯源研究进展

单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)标记技术属于DNA溯源技术,是保证食品安全的重要手段,其在肉产品溯源研究方面的应用主要涉及肉类品种的鉴别、个体来源的鉴定和产品产地的鉴别等方面.本文系统阐述了SNP标记的特点和SNP的开发情况,总结了SNP分型检测方法及其适用范围,并...     

油料产品产地溯源技术研究进展

油料产品可为人们提供必需脂肪酸和丰富的脂溶性营养成分,是居民膳食中不可或缺的一部分。然而,油料产品产地造假现象时有发生,损害消费者权益,威胁消费者身体健康,亟需建立有效的油料产品产地溯源技术。本文综述了油料产品产地溯源技术包括矿物元素指纹谱与稳定同位素比率法、光谱法、代谢指纹谱法以及DNA分子标记法等,介绍了几种溯源技术的原理和应用现状,分析了各种方法的优缺点,并对油料产品产地溯源技术应用前景进行展望,以期为油料产品产地溯源技术的进一步发展提供参考。     

化学分析技术在动物源性食品产地溯源中的应用

目前鉴别动物源性食品的产地溯源有很多种方法。本文扼要阐述了光谱法、质谱法及色谱法等化学分析技术在产地溯源方面的应用,系统地综述了化学分析技术在动物源性食品产地溯源中的研究进展,展望了研究产地溯源的化学方法,旨在为动物源性食品产地溯源的研究提供参考。     

植源性农产品产地溯源技术研究进展

农产品产地溯源技术不仅可以保护消费者利益,同时也为维护植源性农产品市场提供有效的技术支撑。本文阐述并分析了当前植源性农产品产地溯源技术的应用情况,分别从稳定同位素技术、矿物元素指纹图谱技术、代谢组学技术、近红外光谱技术等方面对植源性农产品产地溯源的研究进展进行了分析,并对植源性农产品产地溯源技术的未来发展进行了展望。     

建立谷物制品辐照杀虫工艺规范的研究

通过对国内外大量文献和补充试验数据的分析 ,确定了谷物制品辐照杀虫加工工艺规范的工艺参数和技术要求 :辐照前要求产品含水量小于 1 2 % ,无蛹和成虫期害虫 ,产品包装后立即辐照 ,辐照杀虫最低有效剂量为 0 3kGy ,各种谷物制品的最高耐受剂量在 0 5～ 0 8kGy之间。     

Genomics as a Tool for Cereal Chemistry

Genomics is providing a new set of tools for cereal chemistry. Analysis of the DNA of the major cereals is increasing the understanding of the basis of grain quality at the gene level. Differences in the sequence of the gene in different cultivars or differences in the level of expression of the gene may be used to explain differences in processing or end-use quality characteristics. For example, quantitative analysis of the levels of expression of genes at different stages during seed development in wheat or germination in barley can be used to define the genetic basis of differences in wheat and barley quality. Rice quality traits such as fragrance and gelatinization temperature (cooking temperature) can be explained by DNA sequence differences in specific genes identified using genomics approaches. Rapid and reliable species and cultivar identification based on DNA analysis methods developed using genomics tools can be applied to grain and to food products. This technology has special advantages in the analysis of complex mixtures of cereals. Technologies for very high-throughput and very low-cost analysis of large numbers of samples are now available. These may be applied by cereal chemists at many levels: selection in cereal breeding, optimizing processing, and analysis of the identity and composition of grain or food samples.     

Future Cereal Starch Bioengineering: Cereal Ancestors Encounter Gene Technology and Designer Enzymes

The importance of cereal starch production worldwide cannot be overrated. However, the qualities and resulting values of existing raw and processed starch do not fully meet future demands for environmentally friendly production of renewable, advanced biomaterials, functional foods, and biomedical additives. New approaches for starch bioengineering are needed. In this review, we discuss cereal starch from a combined universal bioresource point of view. The combination of new biotechniques and clean technology methods can be implemented to replace, for example, chemical modification. The recently released cereal genomes and the exploding advancement in whole genome sequencing now pave the road for identifying new genes to be exploited to generate a multitude of completely new starch functionalities directly in the cereal grain, converting cereal crops to production plants. Newly released genome data from cereal ancestors can potentially allow for the reintroduction of cereal traits including, for example, health‐promoting carbohydrates that may have been lost during domestication. Raw materials produced in this manner can be processed by clean enzyme‐assisted techniques or thermal treatment in combination to further functionalize or stabilize the starch polymers. Importantly, such products can be multifunctional in the sense of combined food/material or food/pharma purposes, for example, edible plastics, shape memory materials, and cycloamylose carriers and stabilizers for diverse bioactives.     

Alkylresorcinols in selected Polish rye and wheat cereals and whole-grain cereal products

The alkylresorcinol content and homologue composition in selected Polish rye and wheat cultivars and selected whole-grain cereal products were determined in this study. Cereal grains and whole-grain cereal products were extracted with acetone, whereas bread types were extracted with hot 1-propanol. The average alkylresorcinol content in tested rye (approximately 1100 mg/kg DM) and wheat (approximately 800 mg/kg DM) grains harvested in Poland was within the range previously reported in Swedish and Finnish samples. The total alkylresorcinol content in tested cereal products available on the Polish market varied from very low levels in barley grain-based foods up to 3000 mg/kg DM in wheat bran. The total alkylresorcinol content in 14 bread samples extracted with hot 1-propanol varied from approximately 100 mg/kg DM in whole bread made with honey up to approximately 650 mg/kg DM in whole-rye bread. Calculated ratios of C17:0 to C21:0 homologues, a useful parameter previously used to distinguish between rye and wheat cereals and their derived products, was about 1.2-1.4 in rye products, about 0.2 in wheat products, and varied between 0.2 and 0.6 in cereal-derived products containing a mixture of whole rye and/or wheat. The data set obtained were subsequently compared using cluster and principal component analysis, which allowed the tested cereal products to be classified into two major groups consisting of whole-rye or whole-wheat products, respectively. On the basis of that approach, mixed cereal products containing rye and wheat bran or whole rye and wheat flour were grouped between those two well-defined clusters. Our work not only provides a detailed examination of alkylresorcinols in selected Polish rye and wheat cultivars and selected whole-grain cereal products, but also demonstrates that this type of analysis accompanied by the use of proper statistical algorithms offers an objective way to evaluate the quality of whole-grain rye and/or wheat and their derived products.     

Analysis of the temporal intake of cereal and dairy products in Irish adults: implications for developing food-based dietary guidelines

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the temporal distribution of the intake of cereal and dairy products in the Republic of Ireland. DESIGN: The North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey established a database of habitual food and drink consumption using a 7-day food diary. The database also recorded the time and day of food consumption. Mean intakes of cereal and dairy products were calculated for time of the day and day of the week. RESULTS: At the weekend, the percentage of consumers decreased for nearly all cereal and dairy products. White bread, total cereals, full-fat milk and total dairy intakes were significantly lower at the weekend (P<0.01) compared with weekdays. Intakes of cereal and dairy products over time of the day showed clear mealtime or snacking patterns when the number of consumers was controlled for. White bread, wholemeal bread, total cereals, full-fat milk, reduced-fat milk and total dairy intakes showed mealtime peaks for morning, afternoon and evening. When examined by tertile of intake, tertile of percentage energy from fat and tertile of fibre intake, intakes of cereal and dairy products over time of the day and day of the week were similar to trends described above, regardless of the tertile. CONCLUSIONS: Temporal analysis of the intakes of cereal and dairy products did not reveal any unusual trends in this population. However, the significant methodological issues raised in this paper will be of benefit to other aspects of research in this area.     

The influence of cereal and dairy consumption on the Irish diet: implications for developing food-based dietary guidelines

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the intakes of cereal and dairy products and their contribution to nutrient intakes in men and women from the Republic of Ireland with a view to formulating food-based dietary guidelines. DESIGN: The North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey established a database of habitual food and drink consumption using a 7-day food diary. From this database all cereal and dairy products from recipes and identifiable sources were identified and a new database was generated from which analysis of the role of cereal and dairy products in the diet was carried out. RESULTS: Almost 100% of the population consumed cereal and dairy products over the course of the survey week. In general, men consumed significantly more cereal and dairy products than did women (P<0.05). Cereal products made an important contribution to the mean daily intakes of energy (26%), protein (21%), fat (13%), carbohydrate (41%), fibre (45%), iron (43%) and folate (27%). Dairy products also contributed largely to the mean daily intakes of energy (11%), protein (14%), fat (17%), calcium (48%), phosphorus (24%) and vitamin A (27%). Analysis of nutrient intakes across tertiles of cereal and dairy consumption showed that high consumers of wholemeal bread, breakfast cereals, reduced-fat milk and yoghurt had lower fat and higher carbohydrate, fibre and micronutrient intakes than low consumers of these foods. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from the present study could be used to develop effective health strategies to implement changes in cereal and dairy consumption that could alter fat, fibre and micronutrient intakes in the diet.     

Oxalate content of cereals and cereal products

Detailed knowledge of food oxalate content is of essential importance for dietary treatment of recurrent calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Dietary oxalate can contribute considerably to the amount of urinary oxalate excretion. Because cereal foods play an important role in daily nutrition, the soluble and total oxalate contents of various types of cereal grains, milling products, bread, pastries, and pasta were analyzed using an HPLC-enzyme-reactor method. A high total oxalate content (>50 mg/100 g) was found in whole grain wheat species Triticum durum (76.6 mg/100 g), Triticum sativum (71.2 mg/100 g), and Triticum aestivum (53.3 mg/100 g). Total oxalate content was comparably high in whole grain products of T. aestivum, that is, wheat flakes and flour, as well as in whole grain products of T. durum, that is, couscous, bulgur, and pasta. The highest oxalate content was demonstrated for wheat bran (457.4 mg/100 g). The higher oxalate content in whole grain than in refined grain cereals suggests that oxalic acid is primarily located in the outer layers of cereal grains. Cereals and cereal products contribute to the daily oxalate intake to a considerable extent. Vegetarian diets may contain high amounts of oxalate when whole grain wheat and wheat products are ingested. Recommendations for prevention of recurrence of calcium oxalate stone disease have to take into account the oxalate content of these foodstuffs.     

Alkylresorcinols as markers of whole grain wheat and rye in cereal products

The alkylresorcinol (AR) content of Swedish wheat grain samples, as well as of cereal ingredients and cereal foods containing wheat and rye, was determined. The average total AR content in Swedish wheat was 412 microg/g (ranging between 227 and 639 microg/g), which is lower than that in Swedish rye analyzed in a previous study. The relative composition of AR homologues was consistent for wheat samples and differed markedly from that of rye. Notably, the ratio of the homologues C17:0/C21:0 was approximately 0.1 in wheat and approximately 1.0 in rye, indicating that it can be used to distinguish between those two cereals. The AR content in cereal foods commonly consumed in Sweden varied widely, from nondetectable levels in white wheat flour and products not containing the outer parts of wheat and/or rye to >900 microg/g in some whole grain rye products. AR content in cereal foods was calculated from their recipes using average AR values for the cereal ingredients determined in this study. As there was a good correlation between calculated and analyzed AR levels in cereal foods (R2 = 0.91), it is possible to estimate the proportion of whole grain wheat and/or rye in a given cereal product on the basis of AR content and C17:0/C21:0 ratio. ARs appear to be good markers of whole grain wheat and rye in foods, and their analysis may be an objective way to identify foods rich in whole grain wheat and/or rye or brans thereof.     

Near-infrared reflectance model for the rapid prediction of total fat in cereal foods

AOAC method 996.01, used in cereal foods to determine total fat as defined by the U.S. Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (NLEA), is laborious and time-consuming and utilizes hazardous chemicals. Near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy, a rapid and environmentally benign technique, was investigated as a potential method for the prediction of total fat using AOAC method 996.01 as the reference method. Near-infrared reflectance spectra (1104-2494 nm) of ground cereal products (n = 72) were obtained using a dispersive spectrometer, and total fat was determined according to AOAC method 996.01. Using multivariate analysis, a modified partial least-squares model was developed for total fat prediction. The model had a SECV of 1.12% (range = 0.5-43.2%) and a multiple coefficient of determination of 0.99. The model was tested with independent validation samples (n = 36); all samples were predicted within NLEA accuracy guidelines. The results indicate that NIR reflectance spectroscopy is an accurate means of determining the total fat content of diverse cereal products for nutrition labeling.