生长家牦牛与半血野牦牛产毛量的比较

对180头生长家牦牛和半血野牦牛的产毛量进行了测定。测定结果,家牦牛1岁1.263±0.239kg/头,2岁1.404±0.329kg/头;3岁1.501±0.326kg/头;半血牦牛相应为1.074±0.308kg/头,1.064±0.336kg/头,1.158±0.410kg/头。其绒毛产量分别为家牦牛0.605±0.143kg/头,0.711±0.216kg/头,0.635±0.246kg/头。半血野牦牛0.556±0.177kg/头,0.418±O.201kg/头,0.453±0.217kg/头。裙毛产量分别为家牦牛0.658±0.137kg/头,0.693 ±0.175kg/头,0.866±0.187kg/头。半血野牦牛0.518±0.211kg/头,0.646±0.257kg/头,O.705±0.258kg/头。结果表明,给家牦牛导入野牦牛血液进行血缘更新,牦牛的产绒、产毛性能未能得到提高。     

对1／2和1／4野血牦犊牛生长发育的观测

１９９４～１９９６年在海南州赛什塘牧场对１／２和１／４野血牦犊牛的生长发育进行了观测。结果：１／２和１／４野血牦犊牛的初生重分别比家牦犊牛提高７．６５％和８．８６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,１／２野血牦犊牛在初生时的体高、体长和胸围比家牦犊牛分别提高３．２１％,５．５７％,５．５１％;６月龄时分别提高９．５６％,１１．４６％,３．５９％;１８月龄时分别提高９．１８％,１７．５５％,７．６４％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

Study on The Blood Physiological Indices of Wild Yak, Domestic Yak and Their Crossbreeds

Some blood physiological indices were determined in wild yak,Datong yak(the crossbreeds of the wild and domestic yak)and Tianzhu Black yak in a year. The red blood cell amount(RBC)and packed cell volume (PCV)of the wild yak and Datong yak were similar but differed largely from that of the Tianzhu Black yak. RBC of the wild yak and Datong yak were larger than that of the Tianzhu Black yak and their RBC varied seasonally.The results indicated that wild yak and Datong yak could effectively adapt to changes in environment by adjusting their physiological indices.     

Analysis of High Reproductivity on Wild Yak Bull

Sperm concentration of wild yak bull is 2. 13 billion per milliliter. Survival time at 0-4 ℃ is 57hrs. After thawing survival time at 37 ℃ is 12 hrs. Resistance coefficient is 144,000. Abnormal sperm rate and acrosomal integrated rate of post-thawing is 9.17% and 87.53% respectively. Moving viscosity is 1. 169 cp. Total nitrogen is 1 437.7 mg/100 ml. Head of sperm is significantly shorter and end piece is significantly longer than that of domestic yak and yellow cattle. Activity of hyaluronidase is highly stronger than the domestic yak,and the activity of LDH is higher than the domestic yak by 48 %. Hence,the fertility of the wild yak bull is powerful and the artificial inseminated rate with domestic yak and yellow cattle is 88.9% and 71.58% respectively.     

野牦公牛血液生理指标测定

对青海省大通种牛场饲养的４头野牦公牛的９项血液生理指标进行测定。结果：ＲＢＣ１０．０±０．７４（１０＾１２／Ｌ），Ｈｂ１４４．５±１０．３（ｇ／Ｌ），ＰＣＶ０．４７±０．０３（Ｌ／Ｌ），ＷＢＣ１１．１５±１．０９（１０＾９／Ｌ），ＷＢＣ－ＤＣ（％）嗜酸性白细胞７．５０±３．４０，杆状核嗜中性白细胞０．２５±０．５０，分叶核嗜中性白细胞４４．２５±１３．５７，淋巴细胞４７．２５±１３．４３，单核细胞     

野牦公牛及1／2野血牦公牛驯化试验

为今后利用青藏高原野牦牛资源，在青海省大通种牛场对１头野牦公牛和６头１／２野血牦公牛采取人牛固定管理、长期相处、诱训亲善等系列措施，达到能够采精，完成驯化平均时间为１６５天，完成采精训练平均时间为２８．４天，采精训练次数平均１１．０６次。     

肃南县牦牛导入青海大通牛场野牦牛血液复壮效果调查

[目的]通过引进野血种公牦牛改良当地牦牛可有效遏止牦牛退化,进一步巩固和改善我县牦牛品种质量,恢复其原有的优良生产性能和品种特征,提高经济效益.[方法]本文以野牦牛和家牦牛杂交后代与家牦牛后代为研究对象,分别测定了杂种牦牛和家牦牛的初生、6月龄、18月龄体尺、体重.[结果]显示,在同等条件下,1/4野血牦牛初生、6月龄、18月龄体尺、体重均显著高于同龄家牦牛,经t检验差异极显著（P＜0.01）.[结论]用野血牦牛改良家牦牛,是目前更新复壮家牦牛群体的有效途径之一,能获得很强的杂种优势,对提高经济效益,增加农牧民收入,保护生态环境都具有十分重要的意义.     

Development of a New Yak Breed Through Utilization of Wild Yak Genetic Rsource-seral Technologies for the Development of the Datong Yak Breed

On the Datong Yak Breeding Farm of Qinghai Province(Datong farm), the scientists of the Lanzhou Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Pharmaceutics of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, in collaboration with others,explored the possibility to cross wild yak bulls with domestic yak cows in the past 20years and a new yak breed, the Datong yak, has been developed.     

Study for Trend of genetic Resource on Wild Yak in China

In this paper, comprehensively studied inhabit environments, population size, population density and distribution regions on wild yak, the results showed that genetic resource of wild yak has been decreased from 1950' to 1980 ', after that, and its genetic resource began to show increasing trend in nature reserves due to protection measures strengthened.     

Construction of Databank for Genetic Resource of Wild Yak in China

In the paper, comprehensively explaining structure , function and main contents of databank for genetic resource of wild Yak in China.     

家牦牛与不同野血牦牛染色体组型的比较分析

本文用外周血淋巴细胞培养法制备染色体标本,比较分析了家牦牛、１／２野血牦牛及３／４野血牦牛的染色体组型。结果表明：家牦牛、１／２野血牦牛和３／４野血牦牛的二倍体细胞染色体数目均为２ｎ＝６０,常染色体为近端着丝粒,性染色体为亚中着丝粒;家牦牛和野牦牛的染色体组型无明显差异。     

Morphological Observation on the Test and Epididymis in Hybrid of Wild and Domestic Yaks During the Growth Periods

This paper was carried out on the morphological character of the test and epididymis of three types of yak bull age 6,12,18,24 months old (1/2 wild yak, cross 1/2 wild yak and domestic yak). The results showed that the weight and size of testes and epidiymis was increased with the age which was hardly affected by imbalance of food supply during the cold and warm seasons. The development were similar for three kinds of yak at the same age(P＞0.05).     

中国野牦牛遗传资源的保存与利用

野牦牛是青藏高原珍贵的野生畜种资源.本文从野牦牛的分布、类型、种群数量以及主要地理分区等方面分析了中国野牦牛遗传资源现状,同时讨论了野牦牛的生物学特性和经济价值,并提出了保存和利用野牦牛遗传资源的措施,对促进高寒牧区生态效益和社会效益有着重要的意义.     

中国野牦牛遗传资源的保存与利用

野牦牛是青藏高原珍贵的野生畜种资源。本文从野牦牛的分布、类型、种群数量以及主要地理分区等方面分析了中国野牦牛遗传资源现状,同时讨论了野牦牛的生物学特性和经济价值,并提出了保存和利用野牦牛遗传资源的措施,对促进高寒牧区生态效益和社会效益有着重要的意义。     

天峻县半野血牦牛弓形虫病血清学检测

应用弓形虫抗体间接血凝诊断试剂,对半血野公牦牛84份进行了弓形虫抗体的检测,结果检出22份阳性血清,血清阳性率26.19%。为该地区制定有效措施防治牦牛弓形虫病提供了一定的参考依据。     

Growth and Development of The Kunlun Type of Wild Yak

The observation of body height and weight of 10 captured wild yak shows the body height and weight of the wild yak at three and four months old were similar with that of domestic yak. At their 24 months old, the body height and weight were higher by 26.9 % and 62.5 % than that of the domestic ones. The results indicate that, once adapted to the half-shed and half-grazing conditions, the tamed Kunlun type of wild yak with superior genetics would grow and develop faster than the domestic yak at elder ages.     

野血牦牛复壮家牦牛的效果测定

对l/2野血牦牛和家牦牛的初牛犊牛和6月龄1/4野血犊牛进行了生长发育指标的测定和比较。测定结果表明:1/4野血初生牦犊牛体高、体斜长、胸围和体重比家牦牛初生犊增加1.80cm、3.42cm、2.28cm和1.27kg,分别提高了3.51%、7.33%、4.12%和11.05%。6月龄l/4野血牦牛体高、体斜长、胸围和体重比同龄家牦牛增加4.78cm、5.10cm、6.74cm和7.94kg,分别提高了6.70%、6.90%、7.58%和20.00%(P<0.01)。结果表明,给家牦牛导入野牦牛血可促进牦牛的生长发育。     

Study on The Isozyme of Wild Yak

We have adopted PAGE method to isolate lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)and α-amylase(α-Am)from wild yak's serum and measure the physical-chemical properties of the two components respectively. The results showed that the yak LDH isozyme distributed into five bands. The sequence according to their activity reads as LDH1 ＞ LDH2＞ LDH3 ＞ LDH4 ＞ LDH5. The subunit B is relatively occupied a dominant position. It got a wide operating pH range, high thermal stability,well denature resistance and a fairly large adaptability threshold on the physical-chemical change of surrounding environment. α-Am isozyme distributed into seven bands and also got a wide operating pH range. α-Am isozyme is high sensitivity to environmental temperature.     

野血牦牛和本地牦牛舍饲育肥试验

家牦牛是半野生畜种,终年放牧,为验证野牦牛家养和育肥的可行性,本研究以野血牦牛为试验组,家牦牛为对照组,做了舍饲育肥试验,结果表明:2.5岁1/2野血牦牛、1/4野血牦牛比家牦牛多增重8.82 kg和6.21 kg,差异显著(P＜0.05);1.5岁1/2野血牦牛、1/4野血牦牛比家牦牛多增重9.71 kg和5.13 kg,差异显著(P＜0.05),结果表明野牦牛可以进行舍饲育肥.     

中国野牦牛种质资源库体系的建立

本文以20世纪初以来国内外探险家和众多学者发表的科考资料及2001—2003年国家科技基础专项“中国野牦牛遗传资源信息动态调查及种质资源库建设”为背景,对中国野牦牛遗传资源全息动态进行了缜密研究。构建了野牦牛种质资源信息收集、整理及调查的方法;研究了野牦牛的生境、种群数量、种群密度和分布区域;建立了具备群体水平上保护利用野牦牛的50头规模的高效、动态及良性运作的现代遗传繁育基地,具有在细胞水平上保护利用野牦牛的可年产2万支冷冻精液的动态保存库,具备在细胞水平上保护利用野牦牛的可生产0.1—0.15万枚野牦牛冷冻胚胎动态保存库的条件与规模;创建了联合我国相关野生动物保护组织、行业、协会、自然保护区、科研机构、企业及公众,有条件地接轨国际上有关野生动物保护组织的现代、高效、动态、监测、可持续性保护利用牦牛遗传资源的共享平台,其形式以具有自主知识产权的文字版、光盘版和Internet网络形式与全社会共享。