两系杂交早稻新组合两优48

两优48是上饶市农科所用衡阳市农科所选育的早籼两用核不育系157S与自育恢复系To48配组育成的早熟两系杂交早稻新组合。2014年12月通过江西省品种审定,适宜在江西省作双季早稻种植。     

株两优2008在湘乡市的种植表现与高产栽培技术

2012—2013年两系迟熟杂交早稻株两优2008在湖南湘乡市示范种植,表现产量高,抗性好,生育期适中,适宜于湘乡市作双季早稻大面积推广。     

和两优713在尤溪县作晚稻种植表现及高产栽培技术

和两优713是用和620S与R713配组育成的籼型两系杂交水稻新品种,2017年通过国家农作物品种审定.2020年引进和两优713在尤溪县新阳镇夏阳村作双季晚稻示范片种植,结果表明和两优713在产量、熟期、米质、抗性方面表现良好,适宜在新阳镇低海拔稻区作双季晚稻种植.介绍了和两优713在新阳镇作双季晚稻种植表现及高产栽...     

金山优86在福建上杭种植表现及丰产栽培技术

金山优86是福建农林大学作科院用金山A-1与明恢86配组育成的早籼三系杂交稻新组合,2008年通过福建省品种审定。介绍了该组合在福建上杭作双季早稻种植的表现及高产栽培技术。     

高产中熟两系杂交早稻新组合株两优90

株两优90是湖南省水稻研究所利用株1S为母本与自育的丰产性好的恢复系E3590配组选育而成的高产中熟两系杂交早稻新组合,适宜于湖南及周边地区作双季早稻种植。介绍了其选育经过、特征特性、栽培及制种技术要点。     

Y两优302在华安作早稻种植表现及高产栽培技术

Y两优302是湖南省长沙年丰种业有限公司用Y58s×F302配组育成的两系超级稻新品种,2012—2014年在闽南华安县低海拔地区引进作双季早稻种植,大田表现丰产性好、抗寒、耐肥、米质优。主要介绍了Y两优302在华安县试种示范表现及高产栽培技术。     

Y两优5866在漳浦作早稻种植表现及高产栽培技术

Y两优5866是福州市亚丰水稻育种研究中心用湖南杂交水稻研究中心选育的两系不育系Y58S与自育恢复系亚恢66配组育成的中籼两系杂交新品种,于2015年通过福建省农作物品种审定。2016年在福建省漳浦县作早稻种植,表现生长整齐、抗倒性较强、米质优、分蘖能力强、丰产性好。总结了其在漳浦县作早稻种植表现及高产栽培技术。     

宣城地区双季早稻种植气候适宜度评价

为掌握安徽省宣城地区双季早稻种植气候适宜性地域分布,通过宣城地区7个国家气象观测站1981-2010年温度、降水、日照数据和地理信息数据,应用模糊数学方法和空间插值方法对宣城地区温度、降水、日照和气候适宜度进行了研究。结果表明,该地区温度和日照适宜度较高,降水适宜度较低,降水是影响该地区双季早稻种植的主要不利因子,温度的不利影响主要表现在双季早稻生产前期。根据综合气候适宜度分析,适合双季早稻种植气候区主要集中于宣城北部平原地区。     

优质杂交稻新组合——准两优527

准两优527系湖南杂交水稻研究中心,四川农业大学水稻研究所用准S与蜀恢527配组育成的优质杂交稻新组合,2005年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。2006年,福建省南安市引进该组合在美林街道玉叶村,溪洲村作晚稻种植,在梧山村、丘洋村作早稻种植,经过试验示范种植,该组合表现高产、稳产性好,熟期适中等特点,可作南安市优质稻主推品种之一。品种特性丰产性好:准两优527试种,平均产量600 kg/667m2,比对照汕优63平均产量542 kg/667m2,增产58 kg/667m2,增产9·6%。生育期适中:作早稻种植,全生育期134 d左右,作晚稻种植,全生育期139 d左右。农艺…     

株两优100与株两优83

株两优100 　　品种来源:该组合是用低温敏不育系“株1S“作母本,常规早籼品种“中鉴100“作父本,组配而成的一个双季杂交早稻新品种.该品种经一年亚华区试,两年湖南省区试,一年湖南省多点大面积生产示范,于2005年2月1日通过湖南省农作物品种审定,审定号为“湘审稻2005009“.……     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Extreme resistance to infection by potato virus X in genotypes of wild tuber-bearingSolanum species

Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X¹ (also called RX_act).     

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation,Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O₂^•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O₂^•− scavenging, (IC₅₀ = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC₂₅ = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC₅₀ = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC₅₀ = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O₂^•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms.     

Marine Pharmacology in 2009–2011: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial,Antidiabetic, Antifungal,Anti-Inflammatory,Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis,and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems,and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action ?

The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.     

Recent Modifications of Chitosan for Adsorption Applications: A Critical and Systematic Review

Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase).