稻米淀粉RVA谱特征与品质性状相关性研究

 通过2年分别对114个和101个水稻品种（系）的各项品质指标及RVA谱的测定，研究了RVA谱特征值与外观品质、蒸煮理化指标、食味品质的相关关系。结果表明：（1）RVA谱特征值与外观品质中的透明度、垩白率关系较密切。同一品种的稻米，有垩白比无垩白米的表观直链淀粉含量（AAC）要高，热浆粘度、冷胶粘度、消减值、回复值大。（2）RVA谱特征值与蒸煮理化指标中的AAC、胶稠度（GC）相关极为显著，与糊化温度(GT)相关性不显著;（3）除最高粘度外，RVA谱的其余特征值与食味品质的主要指标呈极显著相关。以上结果表明，RVA谱特征值可以作为优质稻米的辅助选择指标。     

Relationship Between Root Chemical Signals and Grain Quality of Rice

This study was designed to elucidate the relationship between root chemical signals and the quality of rice. Various rice genotypes were used. Zeatin （Z） ＋ zeatin riboside （ZR）, abscisic acid （ABA）, 1-aminocylopropane -1-carboxylic acid （ACC）, and organic acids in roots during grain filling and the appearance quality, cooking/eating quality were investigated. The correlations among them were analyzed. The results showed that Z ＋ ZR concentrations in the roots at mid- and lategrain-filling stages were significantly and positively correlated with the gel consistency and alkali spreading value （r = 0.72^＊ - 0.90^＊＊）, whereas negatively correlated with the amylose content （r = -0.68^＊ - -0.78^＊＊）. ABA concentrations in roots at mid- grain-filling stage were significantly and negatively correlated with the gel consistency and alkali spreading value （r = -0.90^＊＊-0.91^＊＊）, and positively correlated with the amylose content （r = 0.87^＊＊）. ACC concentrations in root exudates at mid-grain-filling stage were very significantly correlated with the percentage of chalky grains and chalkiness （r = 0.97^＊＊ - 0.98^＊＊）, and those at late-grain-filling stage Were significantly correlated with chalkiness and chalky size （r = 0.69^＊ - 0.96^＊＊）. The more the malic acid and succinic acid exuded from roots for a cultivar, the greater the breakdown values and the smaller the setback values in the starch profile, and the results were reversed for a cultivar with more tartaric acid and citric acid exuded from roots during the grain-filling period. The cultivar with more lactic acid in exudates had smaller gel consistency and alkali spreading values, but had greater amylose content. When roots were treated with exogenous ZR, ABA, and ACC during grain filling, effects of the chemicals on the rice quality were consistent with the relationships of the endogenous hormones （Z ＋ ZR, ABA, and ACC） with the quality indexes. Using rape cake as organic fertilizer can increase the concentrations of malic acid and succinic acids exuded from roots as well as the breakdown value in starch profile and reduce the setback value. The results suggest that root chemical signals play important roles in the formation of rice quality, and dee quality could be improved through regulating the signals.     

灌浆期表观直链淀粉含量相似品种稻米胶稠度和RVA谱的动态差异

 【目的】从品质形成的动态角度探讨相似AAC（apparent amylose content, 表观直链淀粉含量）水稻品种其米质动态形成的差异。【方法】选用成熟种子表观直链淀粉含量相似而米质不同的两个水稻品种武育粳3号和30优917为材料,研究其灌浆过程中直链淀粉含量、胶稠度及RVA谱动态变化差异。【结果】两个品种在籽粒灌浆过程中直链淀粉含量、胶稠度和RVA谱的动态变化存在显著差异。在花后5—15 d2个品种的直链淀粉含量存在显著差异,到灌浆后期则表现相近。胶稠度和RVA谱在籽粒灌浆的全过程中均有明显差异。与30优917相比,武育粳3号的胶稠度在花后5—10 d较软,到籽粒灌浆的中后期（花后20—40 d）却明显比30优917硬;用RVA测得的武育粳3号粘性较高,表现为较高的崩解值、较小的正消减值和较低的成糊温度。【结论】相似AAC水稻米质间的差异表现在灌浆期米质性状的动态形成存在显著差异,口感较好的武育粳3号其米粒形成过程中有较高的最高黏度、崩解值和较小的正消减值。     

RVA谱在稻米蒸煮食用品质评价及遗传育种方面的研究进展

在稻米的品质改良中,利用粘度速测仪测定稻米淀粉粘度特性作为估计稻米食用品质一个很重要指标。这种测定具有测定简单快速和用量小的特点。美、日等发达国家已经广泛水稻品质育种中应用。中国在近些年开始应用。对稻米淀粉RVA谱在稻米蒸煮食用品质评价,稻米淀粉RVA谱遗传及在育种上应用的研究进展进行了总结并提出了一些可能研究利用方向。RVA谱能较好地区分AAC相似的品种的食味。RVA与稻米食味、米饭质地以及其它与米饭食味相关的理化指标均密切相关,已经在杂交育种和诱变育种等育种上应用。RVA谱主要受单基因(Waxy)加性效应控制,可在F4代及其以后种子进行选择。不同地点环境对RVA谱影响很大。     

The Source of Genes Related to Rice Grain Starch Synthesis Among Cultivated Varieties and Its Contribution to Quality

The property of starch in rice grain endosperm is a very important determinant for rice quality, and it is essential to understand the genetic effect of the genes related to starch synthesis in high-yielding rice varieties for rice quality improvement. The physicochemical properties （e.g., amylose content, gel consistency, and RVA profile） were assessed on 53 rice varieties, including certain typical indica/japonica landraces and certain high-yielding modern varieties. And molecular markers for Sbel, Sbe3 developed on the basis of sequence diversities between the rice subspecies indica and japonica, together with PCR-Acc I marker for Wx gene were used to investigate the genotypes of 53 rice cultivars. The result showed that the developed molecular markers for Wx, Sbel, Sbe3 could distinguish indica or japonica alleles at three loci. Among all the 53 rice cultivars, six genotypes were observed when Sbel, Sbe3, and Wx loci were considered together, while the genotypes of WxiSbelJSbe3i and WxiSbelJSbe3J were absent. In order to explore the genetic effects of the three genes, especially for starch branching enzyme genes, ANOVA and multiple comparison analysis were conducted. The results showed that rice cultivars with different genotypes exhibited different phenotypes, including amylose content, gel consistency and certain RVA characteristics, and the significant differences among the six genotypes were observed. It was concluded that these three genes had randomly recombined during the process of the rice variety development. And the genetic effects of indica and japonica alleles at three gene loci were different, of which, Wx gene plays a major role in determining the starch properties, followed by Sbel and Sbe3, and the genetic effects of Sbel and Sbe3 in different backgrounds （Wx~, WxJ） are different. The results have provided a clue for rice good quality variety development, and the molecular markers will benefit to the improvement in quality of rice.     

Differential expressions among five Waxy alleles and their effects on the eating and cooking qualities in specialty rice cultivars

Eating and cooking qualities(ECQs) of rice are important attributes due to its major influence on consumer acceptability. To better understand the molecular mechanism of the variation in ECQs, we investigated and compared the expressions among different alleles of the Waxy(Wx) gene and its effect on ECQs in specialty rice cultivars. The results showed that the accumulation of amylose was positively and significantly correlated to the level of mature Wx m RNA and granule-bound starch synthase I(GBSS I) in developing rice grain at 12 days after flowering. The amount of GBSS I and its activity together are the main factors controlling amylose synthesis. Differences in ECQs among five Wx allele types were investigated in samples from 15 rice varieties. The apparent amylose content(AAC) and gel consistency(GC) were similar in each type of Wx allele. The AAC followed the order, Wxa typeWxin typeWxb typeWxmq typewx. Contrary to this, the GC showed an opposite trend compared to AAC. There was a wide variation in rapid visco analyzer(RVA) profile among five Wx allele types, while varieties sharing a specified Wx allele had basically the similar RVA profile, although there was a slight difference in some RVA parameters, peak, hot paste and cool paste viscosities.     

太湖流域粳稻地方品种食味品质分析

为了充分利用太湖流域优质的粳稻种质资源,选取161份太湖流域粳稻地方品种(系)为试验材料,对其10个食味性状进行分析评价。结果表明,太湖流域不同水稻品种(系)的食味品质间存在极显著差异。不同品种的稻米RVA谱曲线特征值与直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、脂肪酸含量间均存在一定的相关性;崩解值和消减值2个指标不仅可以反映RVA谱曲线的基本特征,同时又可以反映稻米食味品质的优劣。低直链淀粉含量的水稻品种的RVA谱仍存在较大的差异。随着脂肪酸含量的增加,峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值均极显著下降(P<0.01);而消减值则随着脂肪酸含量的增加而极显著提高(P<0.01)。因此,从RVA谱曲线特征值看,本试验选用的太湖流域水稻地方品种(系)的部分稻米食味品质优良,可作为优质高产的种质资源进行利用。     

转反义蜡质基因纯合株系间直链淀粉含量与RVA谱关系分析

 【目的】排除以往水稻亚种或品种间RVA谱分析时存在着的遗传背景差异,分析转反义蜡质基因不同直链淀粉含量纯合株系间RVA各特征值的差异,更清楚地揭示直链淀粉含量与RVA谱特征值的关系。【方法】采用根癌农杆菌介导共转化和花药培养相结合的方法,培育含有反义蜡质基因的花培纯系,并对各株系进行直链淀粉含量和RVA谱测定和分析,通过比较RVA谱曲线图形及RVA谱特征值的显著性测定,分析相同遗传背景条件下直链淀粉含量对各RVA谱特征值的作用。【结果】在武运粳7号转基因后代中,获得了只含反义蜡质基因、不含潮霉素抗性标记的花培株系77个,经T1H1和T1H2二代直链淀粉含量测定,有19个株系的直链淀粉含量接近对照（对照16.0%）;有50个株系直链淀粉含量比对照下降1%～5%,其中,直链淀粉含量在11.0%～13.9%有30个株系;另外,有8个株系的籽粒为蜡质状,直链淀粉含量降至3.1%～4.0%。不同直链淀粉含量纯系间RVA谱分析发现存在二种RVA谱曲线图形,直链淀粉含量在3.1%～4.0%株系明显不同其它株系,也不同于常规糯稻;对RVA谱曲线图形相同、直链淀粉含量不同的株系进行分类比较,低直链淀粉含量株系的RVA谱曲线最终表现为曲线逐步上升,但没有超越第1个峰值。对不同直链淀粉含量株系类群的各RVA谱特征值进行显著性测定,3.1%～4.0%株系群有5个特征值与其它二个株系群存在极显著差异;11.0%～13.5%株系群有3个特征值与对照16.0%组存在极显著差异;直链淀粉含量与RVA谱各特征值之间优化数学模型显示：峰值时间和消减值与直链淀粉含量关系较为密切。【结论】导入反义蜡质基因,能导致直链淀粉含量降低;通过花药培养能快速获得纯合株系;直链淀粉含量差异不仅影响到各RVA谱特征值,而且还造成RVA谱曲线不同。     

水稻栽培品种淀粉合成相关基因来源及其对品质的影响

【目的】明确高产水稻品种中与淀粉合成相关基因的性质，为稻米品质改良提供指导。【方法】以53个典型的籼粳品种和近年育成的高产水稻品种为材料，分析了供试品种的理化品质和RVA谱特征，并利用根据籼粳基因组序列差异设计的Wx、Sbe1、Sbe3基因的分子标记，检测了53个水稻品种的基因型，并分析了3个基因位点的遗传学效应。【结果】3个分子标记均能很好的区分3个位点上等位基因的籼粳来源，根据3个位点的基因型可将53个品种分为6种类型。单个基因遗传效应分析表明：在不同基因型品种间淀粉的理化特性（AC，GC, RVA）存在显著或极显著差异，3个基因的联合效应在不同基因型组合间也存在显著的差异。【结论】3个基因在高产品种培育过程中得到了广泛的交流和重组，而且3个基因位点上的不同等位基因（籼粳）对稻米淀粉的合成具有不同的遗传效应。其中Wx基因的影响是最主要的，Sbe1、Sbe3基因次之。3个基因位点的分子标记可为高产品种的品质改良提供快捷的工具。     

Determination of Amylose Content and Its Relationship with RVA Profile Within Genetically Similar Cultivars of Rice （Oryza safiva L. ssp. japonica）

Anther culture pure lines with antisense Wx gene were generated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated co-transformation followed by anther culture in transgenic rice （Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica）. The antisense Wx transgenic pure lines were used to analyze the differences and the relationship between RVA eigenvalues among the lines with different amylose contents. 77 pure lines of anther culture having antisense Wx gene were studied for the amylose content of its offspring cultivar, Wuyunjing 7. It was found that levels ofamylose content were similar to the control in 19 lines （16.0%）; 1-5% lower than control in 50 lines, of which, within 11.0-13.9% in 40 lines; and 3.1-4.0% in 8 lines. The effect of the amylose content on RVA eigenvalue was analyzed through the RVA profile graphic comparison and test of significance for RVA eigenvalues. The analysis of RVA profiles with different amylose contents indicated that there were two kinds of RVA profiles within genetically similar cultivars. The lines with 3.1-4.0% of amylose content were distinctly different from other lines and conventional glutinous rice. The comparison of the similarity curve of RVA profile of the lines with different amylose contents showed that the lines with lower amylose content had a distinguished RVA profile with the curve increasing gradually, but not exceeding the first apex. The test of significance for eigenvalues of the RVA profile in the lines with different amylose contents indicated that there were five eigenvalues remarkably different among the lines with 3.1-4.0% of amylose content compared with other two groups. Further, there were three eigenvalues remarkably different among the lines with 11.0-13.5% of amylose content compared with control group. An optimized mathematical model, which characterizes the relationships between the amylose content and RVA eigenvalue, has been established in this study. From this model, it was clearly indicated that the parameters PeT and SBV were more related to amylose content. It was concluded that the differences in amylose content not only affected the eigenvalues of RVA but also caused different RVA profiles within genetically similar cultivars. The introduction of antisense Wx gene could lead to reduce the amylose content and lay theoretical foundation for quality improvement in rice breeding programs.     

太湖流域水稻地方种的稻米品质RVA谱多样性

对494份太湖地区晚粳稻、糯稻、早籼稻地方种材料的稻米品质RVA谱特征进行测定与分析,结果表明:这些种质资源的稻米品质RVA谱曲线特征分化明显,种质问RVA特征值均有极显著差异,呈现出从籼性到糯性连续变化的特征,形成不同的特征类群.大多数种质(51.9%)的RVA谱的消减值在300～1 000 cp,属于典型的粳稻品种;少量种质(1.4%)具有糯性淀粉RVA谱特征;一些种质(9.8%)表现出为典型的籼稻淀粉RVA谱特征;部分种质(38.0%)具有优质的RVA谱特征,即消减值为负值,表明种质的淀粉性质存在明显的差异.各特征值的表型遗传多样性指数均大于1,其中崩解值的遗传多样性指数达2.04.RVA谱各特征值问显著相关,并可用崩解值、消减值2个指标来简化定量描述稻米RVA谱的特征.     

Determination of Amylose Content and Its Relationship with RVA Profile Within Genetically Similar Cultivars of Rice (Oryza sativa L.ssp.japonica)

Anther culture pure lines with antisense Wx gene were generated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated co-transformation followed by anther culture in transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.ssp.japonica).The antisense Wx transgenic pure lines were used to analyze the differences and the relationship between RVA eigenvalues among the lines with different amylose contents.77 pure lines of anther culture having antisense Wx gene were studied for the amylose content of its offspring cultivar,Wuyunjing 7.It was found that levels of amylose content were similar to the control in 19 lines (16.0%);1-5%lower than control in 50 lines,of which,within 11.0-13.9% in 40 lines;and 3.1-4.0% in 8 lines.The effect of the amylose content on RVA eigenvalue was analyzed through the RVA profile graphic comparison and test of significance for RVA eigenvalues.The analysis of RVA profiles with different amylose contents indicated that there were two kinds of RVA profiles within genetically similar cultivars.The lines with 3.1-4.0% of amylose content were distinctly different from other lines and conventional glutinous rice.The comparison of the similarity curve of RVA profile of the lines with different amylose contents showed that the lines with lower amylose content had a distinguished RVA profile with the curve increasing gradually,but not exceeding the first apex.The test of significance for eigenvalues of the RVA profile in the lines with different amylose contents indicated that there were five eigenvalues remarkably different among the lines with 3.1-4.0% of amylose content compared with other two groups.Further,there were three eigenvalues remarkably different among the lines with 11.0-13.5% of amylose content compared with control group.An optimized mathematical model,which characterizes the relationships between the amylose content and RVA eigenvalue,has been established in this study.From this model,it was clearly indicated that the parameters PeT and SBV were more related to amylose content.It was concluded that the differences in amylose content not only affected the eigenvalues of RVA but also caused different RVA profiles within genetically similar cultivars.The introduction of antisense Wx gene could lead to reduce the amylose content and lay theoretical foundation for quality improvement in rice breeding programs.     

寒地水稻RVA谱特征及与直链淀粉含量相关研究

为有效利用寒地水稻种质资源,以166份寒地水稻种质资源为材料,测定RVA谱特征值以及直链淀粉含量,并对其进行变异分析、相关性分析及聚类分析,为寒地水稻品质育种的亲本选择提供理论依据。结果表明:在RVA谱特征值之间,变异最大的特征值为消减值,其次为回复值;在直链淀粉含量与RVA谱特征值之间,直链淀粉含量与崩解值无显著相关性,与其余特征值均呈极显著正相关;在聚类分析中,将供试材料大致分为5类。第1类品种具有热浆黏度、冷浆黏度和回复值的平均值均最高的特点;第2类品种的消减值和回复值较大;第3类品种最高黏度和崩解值最大;第4类品种的崩解值最小,消减值最大;而第5类品种除崩解值外,其余特征值均最小。     

Determination of Amylose Content and Its Relationship with RVA Profile Within Genetically Similar Cultivars of Rice(Oryza sativa L.ssp.japonica)

Anther culture pure lines with antisense Wx gene were generated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated co-transformation followed by anther culture in transgenic rice(Oryza sativa L.ssp.japonica).The antisense Wx transgenic pure lines were used to analyze the differences and the relationship between RVA eigenvalues among the lines with different amylose contents.77 pure lines of anther culture having antisense Wx gene were studied for the amylose content of its offspring cultivar,Wuyunjing 7.It was found that levels of amylose content were similar to the control in 19 lines(16.0%);1-5% lower than control in 50 lines,of which,within 11.0-13.9% in 40 lines;and 3.1-4.0% in 8 lines.The effect of the amylose content on RVA eigenvalue was analyzed through the RVA profile graphic comparison and test of significance for RVA eigenvalues.The analysis of RVA profiles with different amylose contents indicated that there were two kinds of RVA profiles within genetically similar cultivars.The lines with 3.1-4.0% of amylose content were distinctly different from other lines and conventional glutinous rice.The comparison of the similarity curve of RVA profile of the lines with different amylose contents showed that the lines with lower amylose content had a distinguished RVA profile with the curve increasing gradually,but not exceeding the first apex.The test of significance for eigenvalues of the RVA profile in the lines with different amylose contents indicated that there were five eigenvalues remarkably different among the lines with 3.1-4.0% of amylose content compared with other two groups.Further,there were three eigenvalues remarkably different among the lines with 11.0-13.5% of amylose content compared with control group.An optimized mathematical model,which characterizes the relationships between the amylose content and RVA eigenvalue,has been established in this study.From this model,it was clearly indicated that the parameters PeT and SBV were more related to amylose content.It was concluded that the differences in amylose content not only affected the eigenvalues of RVA but also caused different RVA profiles within genetically similar cultivars.The introduction of antisense Wx gene could lead to reduce the amylose content and lay theoretical foundation for quality improvement in rice breeding programs.     

不同水稻品种大米直链淀粉含量对加工米粉丝品质的影响

【目的】分析米粉丝加工中不同水稻品种大米原料的直链淀粉含量对米粉丝品质的影响,为确定适合米粉丝加工用大米原料标准提供依据。【方法】以直链淀粉含量介于16.45%—29.64%的14个不同籼型水稻品种为材料,分别采用一步成型法制作米粉丝,分析评价米粉丝的加工效果、感官品质、蒸煮品质和质构特性,通过相关分析建立大米原料直链淀粉含量与加工米粉丝品质之间的相关性。【结果】随着水稻品种大米原料直链淀粉含量的升高,米粉丝的加工效果显著提高,但当其含量超过26.14%后,米粉丝的加工效果反而出现下降的趋势;米粉丝的劲道感、爽滑感、不粘牙、光泽以及综合感官品质与大米原料的直链淀粉含量均呈显著正相关性（P＜0.05）;米粉丝的复水时间与大米原料的直链淀粉含量呈极显著正相关性（P＜0.01）,而其膨胀率、断条率以及损失率则与大米原料直链淀粉含量呈极显著负相关性（P＜0.01）;米粉丝的硬度、咀嚼性、剪切力、拉伸长度、断裂力和破断功等质构特性指标与大米原料的直链淀粉含量亦均呈现极显著正相关性（P＜0.01）。【结论】采用一步成型法制作米粉丝时,米粉丝的加工效果、感官品质、蒸煮品质及质构特性与水稻品种大米原料直链淀粉含量之间存在密切的相关性,选用直链淀粉含量介于22.11%—25.45%的籼稻米原料加工的米粉丝具有较好的品质。     

10个水稻品种(组合)食味特性的研究

［目的］研究水稻直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量与RVA特征值间的关系及其食味特性。［方法］以在天津市推广的10个水稻品种（组合）为材料,通过测定分析其直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、RVA特征值及食味值研究了其食味特性。［结果］试验稻米的直链淀粉含量与最高粘度、崩解值呈极显著负相关,与消减值呈显著正相关,其相关系数分别为-0.826、-0.861和0.896。试验稻米的蛋白质含量仅与消减值呈显著负相关,其相关系数为-0.659。初步推测津川1号、盐丰47、DB16和E28的食味较好。食味计测定结果表明,津川1号的食味值最高,津原D1的食味值最低;津川1号、DB14、E28和DB16的食味较好,而其他6种稻米的食味稍差。［结论］该研究为天津市改良水稻品种和选育优良食味品种提供了理论依据。     

Developmental Changes of the LPL mRNA Expression and Its Effect on IMF Content in Sheep Muscle

This study investigates the developmental changes of the lipoprotein lipase （LPL） mRNA level in sheep muscle and its effect on intramuscular fat （IMF） accumulation. Male Kazak and Xinjiang Merino sheep at 2-120 days old were selected. Six animals of each breed were slaughtered at 2, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days （only the Xinjiang Merino sheep at 120-day old were available） to collect samples from longissimus dorsi muscle for the purpose of determining the IMF content and extracting total RNA that was used to investigate the developmental changes of the LPL mRNA expression by real-time PCR. The results showed that in male Kazak sheep, the IMF content increased with the progress of development and there were significant differences （P〈0.05） between the age groups. However, there was no difference （P〉0.05） between age groups in Xinjiang Merino sheep. Furthermore, the IMF content of the male Kazak sheep was significantly higher （P 〈 0.01） than that of the Xinjiang Merino sheep aged from 30 to 90 days. The highest LPL mRNA expression appeared at day 2 and it was significantly higher than that of all other age groups （P 〈 0.01）, while animals at 60-day old had the lowest LPL mRNA expression in the male Kazak sheep. In Xinjiang Merino sheep, the highest one occurred at 30-day old （P〈0.01）, followed by a continuous decrease to the lowest level at 90-day old, and then it started to increase slightly. At 2 to 60-day old, the LPL mRNA expression was negatively correlated to the IMF content （r=-0.625, P 〈 0.05） in male Kazak sheep, but no such relationship was detected in the male Xinjiang Merino sheep.     

宁夏水稻粒形变化对品质的影响

对33份宁夏粳稻品种（系）粒形与各品质性状间的关系进行分析表明,随米粒长宽比增加,垩白米率和垩白度均呈显著下降趋势,糙米率和精米率呈降低趋势,而整精米率则表现为单峰曲线趋势,即米粒长宽比为2.00~2.19时整精米率最高,蒸煮和营养品质表现为脂肪含量显著增加（P<0.01）,而胶稠度、蛋白质含量和直链淀粉含量无显著变化。相关性分析表明,米粒长宽比与垩白粒率和垩白度呈极显著负相关,与糙米率、胶稠度和直链淀粉含量呈显著负相关,与脂肪含量呈显著正相关。表明粳稻米粒长宽比增加,可显著改变大米的外观品质,粒形与一些碾磨、蒸煮、营养品质因子具显著相关性。     

云南水稻直链淀粉含量近红外模型的创建研究*

 收集云南有代表性的水稻品种（系）210份,用常规法测定直链淀粉含量,采用偏最小二乘（PLS）法建立直链淀粉含量近红外光谱分析预测的校正模型,并对模型进行了预测准确性评价。结果表明AAC的模型校正决定系数Rc²为 0.962 2 ;校正标准差RMSEE为1.329;内部交叉检验的决定系数Rcv²为 0.925 6 ,标准差RMSECV为1.320。模型的检验相关系数达到90％以上,对云南水稻品质育种及种子资源相关研究具有实用价值。     

Physico-Chemical Properties of Flour, Starch, and Modified Starch of Two Rice Varieties

The physical and chemical properties of the flours, starches, and modified starches of indics rice and japonica rice were investigated in this paper. Results showed that the swelling powers of flour, starch, and phosphate starch [substitution degree (DS)=0.065] of japonica rice were significantly higher than those (DS=0.065) of indics rice. The transmittance of modified starches was highest; and that of flours was lowest. The pasting property investigated with rapid visco analyzer (RVA) indicated that the peak viscosity and breakdown value of paste with high swelling power were high. Furthermore, the effect of protein and amylose content on pasting property were investigated. The results of rheological properties determined using rheological rheometer showed that at the same temperature, the storage modulus (G') of flour, starch, and modified starch of indica rice was higher than that of japonica rice. For each variety, the G' of flour was the highest, while the G' of modified starch was the lowest.