基于拮抗及ITS序列分析的河南香菇主产区种质资源鉴定及遗传多样性分析

应用核糖体基因转录间隔区域（Internal Transcribed Spacer,ITS）序列及拮抗法对河南食用菌主产区香菇栽培菌株进行鉴定,并分析遗传多样性。以收集的41个香菇栽培菌株为样本,两两之间进行拮抗测试分析,提取DNA并进行PCR扩增、回收、测序,采用比对邻接法（neighbor-joinging,NJ）构建系统进化树。结果表明,16个差异菌株拮抗现象明显,其余菌株无拮抗或者拮抗不显著,41个香菇菌株初步分为16个不同菌株及7个不同亚种;ITS序列比对及系统发育分析将41个香菇品种聚为独立进化的4个大类,即3个不同的菌株和8个不同的亚种,种内遗传距离为0.000 0～0.006 5,与Pleurotus ostreatus(KY962509)种间遗传距离为0.374 0。综上所述,“ITS+拮抗法”结合可以明确区分菌株间拮抗、无拮抗及拮抗不明显现象基因序列的相似度、遗传距离的差异及亲缘关系的远近,为香菇品种的鉴定提供理论支撑。     

工厂化栽培灰树花菌株的筛选研究

比较研究了11个灰树花菌株的菌丝生长速度、生长势、菌丝拮抗性,考察了不同灰树花菌株的生物学特性及遗传差异,并以栽培周期、子实体品质及生物学效率等为指标进行工厂化栽培鉴定,旨在筛选出适合工厂化栽培的灰树花菌株。结果表明:11个菌株间存在遗传差异,菌株G11菌丝生长速度及生长势适中;栽培周期73 d,为试验菌株中周期最短,子实体品质优良,生物学效率达到35.7%,是适应灰树花工厂化栽培的优良菌株。     

冬虫夏草不同菌株的生物学特性及优良品种选育

对8个冬虫夏草不同菌株间的拮抗性、菌丝体的生长特性及色素形成和瓶内出草等试验分析进行了比较研究,结果表明：冬虫夏草不同菌株间差异属于种类或地理分布差异,导致了生物学特性的差别。其中菌株dc1与dc8亲缘关系及生物学特性相近,其次是dc2和dc3、dc4、dc5、dc6、dc7各有差异。经方差分析表明：菌株dc1、dc8的菌丝生长速度及浓密程度明显优于其它菌株,生长旺盛,抗杂能力强,平均每天生长速度可达0.02 cm,适宜冬虫夏草人工栽培使用的菌种和用于营养菌丝发酵使用的菌种。     

7株桑黄遗传亲缘关系和栽培特性研究

对7株桑黄(Inonotus sanghuang)开展了菌丝特性、菌丝拮抗、酯酶同工酶和栽培试验。结果表明,桑黄SH3和SH7菌丝无拮抗现象,且两菌株间酯酶同工酶联合系数最大,遗传亲缘关系可能相同或非常近,其余菌株间遗传亲缘关系较远;人工栽培SH3、SH6和SH7可获得子实体。     

5株野生桦褐孔菌菌株的酯酶同工酶分析

通过菌丝形态比较、菌丝拮抗试验和酯酶同工酶酶谱区分,对5株野生分离桦褐孔菌进行了区别鉴别。试验结果:5个菌株在菌丝形态上有差异,供试菌株都不同程度的产生拮抗反应,1号菌株与其他菌株间拮抗最明显。酯酶同工酶图谱结果显示,采集地域较近的1、2号菌株或3、4号菌株,其遗传相似性也较低,为各自独立菌株。结果为将来药用桦褐孔菌育种和人工栽培研究提供种质资源。     

甘肃甘南高海拔地区侧耳属菌株Pleurotus spp.生产性能评价

以侧耳属菌株为试材,研究了甘肃甘南高海拔地区5个不同侧耳属菌株同一菌种的保藏菌种和子实体组织分离新培养菌种间的生产性能差异情况。结果表明:2类菌种在试管中培养时生长速率没有差异;2类菌种的对峙培养均未产生拮抗现象;组织分离新培养菌种的子实体形态与产量较保藏菌种略显上乘。     

不同灵芝品种生物学特性的对比试验

灵芝是重要的食(药)用真菌,其药用价值在我国已有2 000多年的研究历史,但随着灵芝生产规模的不断扩大,出现了灵芝菌种混乱的现象。为了明确不同菌株间的亲缘关系,以11个灵芝主栽品种为材料,分别对不同菌株的菌丝生长速度、生长势、子实体形态等生物学特性进行了比较研究,同时通过菌株间的拮抗反应分析不同菌株间的遗传关系,以明确其亲缘关系,为灵芝生产和新品种选育提供前期基础。     

灰树花菌株遗传多样性的同工酶与ERIC综合分析

七个不同来源的灰树花(Grifola frondosus)菌株,经拮抗试验发现两两之间不完全亲和。ITS分析表明七个菌株均属灰树花,但基于ITS的聚类分析不能明确反映菌株间的差异。酯酶同工酶电泳图谱和ERIC-PCR展现了七个受试菌株间不同程度的差异,综合两者的聚类分析可较明确地展现出七个灰树花菌株遗传多样性差异,但该聚类结果未能和拮抗试验结果较好契合,表明基因层面的分子标记和生理层面的表观反应,在展示遗传多样性的对应关系上存在较多复杂情况。     

羊肚菌不同菌株生物学特性及优良品种选育

通过对8个羊肚菌不同菌株间的拮抗性、菌丝体生长特性及菌核形成试验的分析比较,结果表明羊肚菌不同菌株间的差异属于种类或地理分布差异,其导致了生物学特性和外形上的差别。美味羊肚菌菌株M918与尖顶羊肚菌菌株M928亲缘关系及生物学特性相近,M316、M318、M320、M326各有差异。菌株M918、M928的菌丝生长速度及浓密程度明显优于其它菌株,生长旺盛,抗杂能力强,日平均生长速度可达1cm·d-1,是一种菌丝生长较快、菌核形成较多的羊肚菌优良品种,适宜羊肚菌人工栽培和营养菌丝发酵使用的菌种。     

原生质体融合菌株与亲株的拮抗试验

不同品种的食用菌在生长发育中,菌丝会相互限制对方的生长蔓延,在交界处形成棕黑色的拮抗线。了解融合菌株与亲株间有否拮抗现象,可以辅助鉴定融合菌株是否产生了新的遗传特性。为此,笔者将融合菌株与双亲株做了拮抗试验,现简报如下:(一)供试菌株:侧五抗性菌株(cwActD),凤尾菇抗性菌株(fw-     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.