干巴菌根际土壤理化性质的研究

本言语报道昆明小哨和宜良良竹山两地区两种植被类型和两种成土母质发育的土壤上，干巴菌只能在弱酸性的沉积岩类（石灰岩或砂页岩）或河流沉积物类成土母质发育形成的山原红壤的针叶林型的云南松或阔叶林型的麻栎林下生长发育。而其它成土母质形成的土壤中云南松林或麻栎林下，不会长出干巴菌。（２）干巴菌根际土壤必须具有良好的理化性质－－土壤疏松多孔、透水透气和土温传递优良；ＰＨ值在４．５－５．５区间内；土质富含钙和铁     

干巴菌物种复合群与云南松形成的外生菌根形态特征及分子鉴定

对干巴菌(Thelephora ganbajun)隐存种与云南松形成的外生菌根的形态结构和解剖结构特征进行了观察和描述。该外生菌根具有如下特征:二叉分支,黄褐色,外层、中层和内层菌套同为密丝组织结构,菌套表层具有由膨大菌丝细胞形成的菌丝网,外延菌丝有锁状联合,多分支,分支处有锁状联合,菌丝接合呈"H"型。首次用分子生物学方法对干巴菌隐存种形成的外生菌根进行了鉴定。对云南不同地区干巴菌的外生菌根形态和解剖结构特征研究将会对该复合群分类研究提供一些依据。     

干巴菌菌丝营养生理特性的初步研究

本文报道了不同碳源、氮源、微量元素及维生素培养基对干巴菌菌丝生长的影响。试验表明，干巴菌菌丝利用最好的的碳源是葡萄糖，其次是蔗糖。利用最好的氮源是硝酸钙，其次是硝酸铵和硫酸铵，对蛋白胨和尿素的利用效果差。缺少碳源或氮源时，菌丝生长细弱、稀少，不形成原基。微量元素和维生素均对干巴菌菌丝生长有促进作用，其中以锰、铜和维生素Ｂ２的作用尤为突出。     

干巴菌担孢子多核现象的研究

干巴菌（ＴｈｅｌｅｐｈｐｒａｇｏｎｂａｊｕｎＺａｎｇ）是一种可食性菌根真菌，主要分布于中国云南中部地区。本文报道干巴菌振孢子的多核性及其担孢子在萌发过程中的多芽管现象。采用Ｇｉｅｍｓａ＇ｓＳｔａｉｎ及Ｎｅｍａｔｏｘｙｌｉｎ等染色方法研究的结果表明：干巴菌担孢子具有单核、双核、三核、七核等多核性。并在担孢子萌发过程中发现与孢子多核性相对应的一个芽管，二个芽管、三个穿管、七个芽管等多芽管现象，产生真菌孢子多核现象原因，是由于孢子形成过程中，细胞核行为造成的。当担孢子形成过程中，二个单倍体核进行核配形成一个二倍体核，它再进行一次减数分裂，结果在担子中产生四个单倍体核，四个单倍体核随机进入担孢子后，造成多个核、一个核和无核孢子现象。另一种情况，是担孢子中一个核或多个核再行一次或多次减数分裂，从而产生了某些属种真菌的多核孢子。干巴菌担孢子的多核现象，属首次报道。     

褐环粘盖牛肝菌菌塘研究

通过菌塘的菌丝分布、形态、共生树根系分布的研究，探寻褐环粘盖牛肝菌子实体发生于菌塘的关系。选择不同部位的菌塘挖掘和菌塘菌丝与子实体组织的菌丝和分离培养菌丝显微观察表明不同出菇量菌塘的菌丝分布是不同的。单生菇的菌塘约50cm，而群生菇菌塘的菌丝圈可达80cm。不同出菇量的菌塘松树根数和菌根数是不同的，单生菇的菌塘根较粗量少，菌根较少，群生菇菌塘的菌塘根较细量多，菌根多；菌根数量多。菌塘菌丝与子实体组织的菌丝和分离培养的菌丝形态差别较大。未见有锁状联合，泥土间菌丝膜片是褐环粘盖牛肝菌子实体发生的菌丝态。     

干巴菌（Thelephoraganbajun Zang）的研究Ⅰ．干巴菌与其生境因子的关系

本文研究了干巴菌的分布及其在分布区内的植被类型，查清了干巴菌主要分布于针叶树林中，尤以云南松林内分布最多，但也分布于纯的栗树林中。通过对于巴菌生境中土壤微生物的分析，结果与宏观调查一致：其生长土壤较为贫瘠，是一种菌根菌。     

资兴市红汁乳菇生态调查

资兴市红汁乳菇生态调查（湖南省郴州地区生物研究所４２３０００）李刚，李玲玲红汁乳菇Ｌａｃｔａｕｉｕｓｈａｔｓｕ－ｄａｋｔ．俗名松菌、铜绿菌，是一种树木菌根真菌。它的营养丰富，味香可口，而且有防治心血管疾病和抗癌作用，对小鼠肉瘤的抑制率达１００％，对艾...     

外生菌根菌——干巴菌的研究进展

外生菌根菌干巴菌是一类味道鲜美且营养丰富的珍贵野生菌,开发潜力巨大,经济价值较高。通过对我国干巴菌研究现状、生态学习性和人工促繁等方面进行论述,分析存在的问题,以期为后续研究提供参考。     

贺兰山紫色丝膜菌的分布及生态研究

贺兰山紫色丝膜菌的分布及生态研究贺永喜（宁夏银川市食用菌研究所７５００１１）紫色丝膜菌（Ｃｏｒｔｉｎａｒｉｕｓｐｕｒｐｕｒａｓｃｅｎｓ），贺兰山四周的人们称之为紫蘑菇，属菌根菌，肉厚质嫩，营养丰富，味道鲜美，是银川、石嘴山及内蒙古阿拉善左旗和乌海人民...     

厚环乳牛肝的原生质体分离与再生

探讨了外生菌根菌耳环乳牛肝（Ｓｕｉｌｌｕｓｇｒｅｖｉｌｌｅｉ）的原生质体制备及再生条件。用ＭＹＧ培养基培养菌丝７天、宋用１．５％Ｌｙｗａｌｌｚｙｍｅ，以０．６ｍｏｌ甘露醇为稳渗剂，在酶解液ｐＮ值５．５，温度３１℃，酶解４ｈｒ的条件下，每０．１ｇ湿菌丝的原生质体产量这６×１０￣６／ｍｌ。用ＳＯ培养基培养菌丝能提高原生质体产量，但再生率下降。综合产量和再生率考虑以ＭＹＧ培养菌丝效果较好。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.