科学是生产力 发展是硬道理

人工繁殖饲养蛇类,首先是解决蛇类养殖的饲料问题,是许多蛇类养殖一直想解决而没能解决的最难的问题。 广西人工繁殖饲养蛇类经过多年的科学的探索和饲养,获得了突破性的成功。解决了人工孵化的成活率和蛇食物的问题,打破了专家和人们长期认为“蛇只是吃活动的饵料,不吃死食物”的理论。 8月18-19日,广西区林业局在南宁组织召开的“广西蛇类养殖     

蛇类杂谈

蛇类杂谈何和明，雷君夏秋时节，人们一捉起蛇，就说：“不怕山中虎，只怕拦路蛇”“一朝被蛇咬，十年怕草蝇”。短短的两句话，惟妙惟肖地刻划了蛇的残忍险毒和人们对蛇的恐惧心理。其实不然。据统计，世界上的蛇类不下２５００多种，其中毒蛇约６５０多种。我国的蛇类约...     

义乌市蛇类资源及其开发与利用

通过对义乌市蛇类资源状况和各蛇场开发利用现状的调查,提出对蛇类资源要区别蛇种,既要有效保护,又要合理利用,达到保护资源发展经济之目的。     

养蛇四关

１、饲料关。大批量养殖蛇类，饲料成了头等大事。因为大部分蛇类喜食活的蛙类、鼠类，只靠野外抓捕根本供应不上。为解决饲料来源，利用人工孵养鹌鹑喂蛇，解决了饲料来源，降低了成本，在此基础上，也可采用养蝇育蛆，加工蛆浆，做人工蛇类饲料，开辟了蛇类饲料新来源。 ２、越冬关。人工养蛇越冬是一个大问题，它是人工养蛇整个过程中的重要环节，关系到养蛇的成败。蛇类通常在８℃～１５℃时就停止活动，进入冬眠状态。低于这个温度，越冬就十分困难，极易造成死亡。针对这种情况，刘惠敏设计了一种隧道式四季恒温蛇房，通过调节窗和电…     

蛇场的四季管理——蛇类养殖技术漫谈之二

正蛇是变温动物,体温随着环境温度的升降而改变。四季更替造成了蛇冬蛰春出、夏秋活跃的生活规律。一般说,蛇类的活动时间主要为春末冬初,它也是蛇类主要摄食和繁殖时期。春末冬初蛇场的工作量会很大。冬季后,蛇进入冬眠,蛇场只需确保场内蛇类的越冬安全。春季管理刚出蛰的蛇,前2-3个星期基本不进食,至4月份才进食,食量也较小。从5月份开始,食量大增。春季     

福建省蛇类资源可持续利用探讨

福建省每年消费蛇类约50万kg,主要用于餐饮以及制造中药、保健食品和皮革等。利用的蛇类主要是灰鼠蛇、王锦蛇、滑鼠蛇等10多种,资源主要依赖外地输入。过度开发利用以及栖息地的破坏和污染是导致福建蛇类资源锐减的主要因素。为可持续利用资源,建议:优化资源配置,开征资源税费,开展繁育技术研究和种群再引入,推广生态农业,加强自然保护区建设、禁猎、资源监测、执法监管和宣传教育工作。     

广东省蛇类曼氏裂头蚴感染分析

为了掌握广东省食用蛇类曼氏裂头蚴感染情况。2014~2015年,从广州、肇庆、惠州和韶关等地农贸市场共采集赤链蛇、铅色蛇、赤链华游蛇和异色蛇等4种常见食用蛇样本114条,并对这些蛇类样本的曼氏裂头蚴感染情况进行了解剖学检查。结果显示,曼氏裂头蚴感染个体32条,总感染率为28.07%,共发现裂头蚴243条;赤链蛇、铅色蛇、赤链华游蛇和异色蛇的感染率分别为93.33、14.58、38.46和4.00%;个体平均感染强度分别为：12.27、0.35、1.58和0.04个/条;肌肉、皮下组织和体腔三个部位的寄生率分别为80.25%、16.46%、3.29%。研究结果表明,广东省食用蛇类曼氏裂头蚴感染比较普遍,对蛇类消费人群的健康构成潜在威胁。     

新疆的沙漠蛇类

<正>新疆的蛇类比内地匮乏,目前已知的新疆蛇类有3科7属11种,包括东方沙蟒、红沙蟒、黄脊游蛇、花脊游蛇、白条锦蛇、花条蛇、水游蛇、棋斑水游蛇、阿拉善蝮、极北蝰、东方蝰。它们别具特色,都带有荒漠动物的习性。东方沙蟒看上去像一根干枯木棒提到蟒蛇,人们往往会想到热带雨林里那些体长7-8米的巨型怪物,相比之下,     

沙蟒:“无脚英雄”走大漠

就像人们以为新疆没有水乡动物鸟龟一样,人们也可能认为新疆是不会有蛇类动物生存的。其实,这里不仅绿洲上有蛇,草原上有蛇,就连大沙漠里也有蛇的出没,它们就是沙蟒和花脊游蛇等荒漠蛇类动物。     

让我们来关注蛇

“秋风兮三蛇肥”是广东人食蛇的一句谚语。蛇不仅可以吃还可以入药。早在《神农本草经》中就有蛇蜕入药的记载，《本草纲目》也记述了，蛇头、蛇肉、蛇骨、蛇皮、蛇蜕、蛇胆、蛇卵、蛇屎均有疗效。蛇在我国传统饮食文化和中医中一直占有相当重要的地位。在２０００年７月至次年６月间，一些专家对北京、杭州、上海、广州等重点城市，就蛇类贸易情况进行了一次调查。调查发现，有２３种蛇进入了我国重点城市食用蛇贸易。在医药市场的调查中，上述重点城市中涉及蛇类的药品（保健品）总计７７种。蛇无论从体型构造、生理机能、胚胎发育、生态…     

Urban land-use impacts on composition and spatiotemporal variations in abundance and biomass of earthworm community

Soil fauna can sensitively respond to alterations in soil environment induced by land-use changes.However,little is known about the impact of urban land-use changes on earthworm communities.In this study,three land-use types(i.e.,forest,nursery and abandoned lands)were chosen to identify differences in diversity,abundance and biomass of earthworm community in Kunming City.Urban land-use had a pronounced difference in species composition,evenness and diversity of earthworm communities.Forest land had the highest density,biomass and diversity of the earthworm communities.Total abundance was dominated by endogeic species in nursery land(70%)and abandoned land(80%),whereas in the forest land,the earthworm community comprised epigeic,endogeic and anecic species.Temporal changes in earthworm density and biomass were also significantly affected by land-use change.Total density and biomass of earthworms in the forest and nursery lands were highest in September,but highest in the abandoned land in October.The influence of soil physicochemical properties on the earthworm density and biomass also varied with land-use types.Soil temperature significantly affected earthworm density and biomass in the three land-use types.Soil pH was positively correlated with earthworm biomass in the forest land,but negatively associated with earthworm density in the abandoned land.Soil organic matter was positively correlated only with density and biomass of earthworms in the nursery and abandoned lands.Our results suggest that the species composition,abundance and biomass of earthworm communities can be determined by the modification of soil properties associated with urban land-use type.     

红火蚁营巢对不同生境土壤氮磷钾含量的影响

[目的]土壤大型节肢动物作为生态系统的工程师,能够调控陆地生态系统的养分循环,本研究旨在揭示红火蚁营巢对不同生境土壤氮磷钾养分含量的影响。[方法]于2017年11月和2018年3月,选择云南省昆明市和牟定县林地、荒地及草地3种生境类型为研究样地,比较研究了红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta Buren)活动巢和废弃巢土壤氮磷钾养分含量特征。[结果]红火蚁营巢均显著增加了不同生境土壤氮磷钾含量(P<0.01),其中,林地废弃巢中土壤磷和钾含量显著高于活动巢(P<0.05或0.01),草地则是活动巢磷和钾含量显著高于废弃巢(P<0.05或0.01),但林地和草地活动巢和废弃巢中氮含量差异不显著;不同土层氮磷钾含量差异亦不显著;红火蚁营巢均能显著增加壤土和砂土中氮磷钾含量,其中,壤土中磷和钾增加的幅度极显著高于砂土(P<0.01)。[结论]红火蚁营巢均能显著增加林地、荒地和草地中土壤氮磷钾含量,活动巢废弃后,这种影响仍十分显著,壤土中增加幅度高于砂土。     

废弃矿区生态修复植物种的筛选

用隶属函数法对大田贵竹林废弃矿区引入的10种植物的生长和生理指标进行分析。结果显示：废弃矿区植物叶片的叶绿素含量及其光合特性在种间亦存在极显著差异（P〈0.01）,表明不同植物对废弃矿区的适应是存在差异的。利用隶属函数法分析表明,邓恩桉、香樟和泡桐是废弃矿区最适宜栽植的树种,可作为废弃矿区恢复的先锋树种予以大力推广。     

湖南湘潭矿业废弃地土壤特性研究

对湖南湘潭锰矿废弃地的土壤基质特殊性和少量自然定居植物营养元素和重金属元素含量进行研究.结果表明:尾矿废弃地土壤以砂粉土为主,通气透水性能差,渗透系数小,易造成地面积水;矿渣废弃地渗透系数大,蓄水量少而蒸发失水强,抗旱力弱.2类废弃地土壤营养元素含量低,重金属元素锰、铜的含量高,毒害大.在自然定居的少量植物中,商陆和荩草为超积累植物.采用植物生物原位修复法改善极端生境条件,既经济又高效.     

Patterns of afforestation on abandoned agriculture land in Latvia

Abandonment of agriculture land and subsequent natural afforestation have been common features of the contemporary Latvian rural landscape, particularly in the period since 1990. This process affects the structure, ecology and visual qualities of the landscape. The study examines spatial characteristics of afforestation in relation to various environmental factors. The study was conducted in the central part of Latvia, where there is abundant abandoned agriculture land and a great variety of spatial afforestation patterns. The most typical patterns in this area were linear, mosaic, and continuous afforestation, as well as development of afforestation from the forest edge. The results of the study show that the spatial patterns of natural afforestation of abandoned agriculture fields can be very diverse, and do not follow the classical secondary succession model. Afforestation can be delayed by a dense cover of herbaceous vegetation for a period of up to 20?years. There are many interacting factors that affect succession and development of afforestation patterns, such as soil properties, size and configuration of fields, previous land use and also the random nature of plant colonization by seed. Further studies on afforestation patterns would help to understand better their ecological, economic and social effects as well as to determine optimal solutions for the use of abandoned agriculture land.     

黑木耳废弃基质栽培平菇配方筛选试验

以黑木耳废弃基质替代部分木屑进行平菇栽培试验。结果表明，用量从10％～50％茼丝生长均旺盛；总生物学转化率可达140％以上，与木屑培养基无显著差异；随着黑木耳废弃基质用量的增加，第1茬菇和第2茬菇生物学转化率逐渐增加；投入产出比也逐渐增加，当黑木耳废弃基质用量达到50％时，投入产出比达1：4．09。     

黑果枸杞在格尔木地区不同土壤中造林试验

采用三种苗木（容器苗、移植苗和裸根苗）在格尔木地区三种不同的土壤类型（农耕地、撂荒地和稀疏林地）中进行了栽植试验,结果表明,苗高、地径和冠幅的增长量与土壤类型、苗木类型之间具有明显的关联性,相关系数为R（苗高）=0.910（R2=0.828）、R（地径年增长量）=0.903（R2=0.815）和R（冠幅年增长量）=0.909（R2=0.736）;苗高、地径和冠幅的增长量依土壤类型从大到小的排序为：农耕地〉撂荒地〉稀疏林地;依苗木类型从在到小的排序为：容器苗〉移植苗〉裸根苗;在格尔木地区土壤条件较差的撂荒地和稀疏林地,采用容器苗和移植苗栽植黑果枸杞,采用容器苗和移植苗可使造林成活率提高19.4～36.6个百分点,且苗木生长良好,可有效提高土地利用率。     

Abandonement of coffee agroforests increases insect abundance and diversity

Shade coffee including many tree species is known to support generally high biodiversity. Due to low coffee prices on the world market, many farmers have abandoned their farms, thereby creating a new ecosystem type, which has attracted increasing interest for biodiversity conservation. Here we used pyrethrum knockdown samples to compare the arthropod community on coffee plants of six traditionally managed coffee agroforests with those of six abandoned coffee agroforests in coastal Ecuador. We investigated eight randomly selected coffee shrubs per site, six of them inside and two at the edge. All arthropods were identified to orders and beetles to morphospecies. We additionally sampled the vegetation to test for vegetation-mediated effects on the arthropod community. The number of arthropod individuals was higher in abandoned than managed coffee, driven by the abundance of Arachnida, Blattaria, and Heteroptera, and higher in the edge than in the centre of the abandoned agroforests. Higher arthropod abundance appeared to be closely related to arthropod diversity, as shown for beetles (r = 0.79, n = 96). Contrary to expectations, predator-prey ratios in managed agroforests was as high as in the abandoned ones. In conclusion, abandonment of coffee agroforests greatly encourages arthropod communities, in particular in the habitat edges, and therefore, should be considered in landscape management for conservation.     

废弃石灰岩矿山植被恢复方法探讨

废弃采石场的植被重建是废弃矿山植被恢复的重要组成部分。围绕创造植物生长所需环境、改善土壤条件、选择适合的植物、重建植物群落等方面对废弃采石场的植被恢复方法进行了探讨。提出建群树种补植法以促进矿山植被恢复演替的进程,从而构建生态功能稳定的森林群落。     

印度紫檀等5树种在矿山迹地的生长表现

在矿山迹地上用印度紫檀、海南蒲桃、桃花心木、铁冬青、云南石梓等5种当地常用园林树种营造植被恢复试验林,研究各树种树高、地径、冠幅的生长情况及矿山迹地自然环境的变化.结果表明,海南蒲桃、桃花心木生长速度最快,而海南蒲桃、铁冬青景观效果最好,造林后林下植被种类丰富,生态状况改良效果明显.