D型肉毒杀鼠素防治高原鼠兔灭效试验

主要研究D型肉毒杀鼠素防止高原鼠兔灭效试验。分别配制浓度0.1%和浓度0.2%的D型肉毒杀鼠素饵料开展灭效试验,实验结果表明,D型肉毒杀鼠素制粒机高原鼠兔有着比较理想的效果,但是兼顾灭效和成本的最佳毒饵用量需要经过梯度试验进一步确定。     

阿拉善盟梭梭林鼠害防治试验初报

利用不同药剂、饵料及投药方法 ,对梭梭林大沙鼠进行防治试验。采用堵洞法检验防治效果 ,筛选出最佳药剂为猫王 (1∶ 1 5 0 ) ,C·肉毒杀鼠素 (1 ml) ,最佳饵料是胡萝卜 ,最佳投药方法是洞口投药 ,为森林鼠害治理工程大面积推广提供了科学依据     

内蒙古阿拉善盟荒漠梭梭林鼠害飞机防治试验初报

内蒙古阿拉善荒漠天然梭梭林近年来严重遭受以大沙鼠为主的害鼠为害,因受人力、交通条件等因素制约,采用常规人工防治方法不能及时、高效、大面积地控制鼠害,因此采用飞机撒播饵料的方法进行地上鼠防治试验.结果表明：飞机投饵防治梭梭林大沙鼠具有快速、高效、落饵均匀等优点,效果良好.     

谈人工林森林鼠害防治技术

随着全球生态环境逐年恶化,森林鼠害现象也更加严重。在我国大力推行退耕还林工作进程中,新培育的人工林更容易受到鼠害袭扰,这些鼠害极大地破坏了林业的健康持续发展。因此,加强人工林鼠害防治工作,提高鼠害防治力度,已成为林业建设中的一项重要工作。为此,针对人工营林中防治鼠害的相关技术措施进行了探讨。     

雅安市人工林鼠害防治技术及应用

本文介绍了雅安市1997年2000年在生产中推广应用综合防治技术对青衣江流域森林鼠害实施工程化治理的作法，对符合生产实际的管理经验和防治效益进行了归纳总结。     

应用25%菊乐合酯乳剂,40%SN—851乳剂防治三种竹虫试验初报

25%菊乐合酯乳剂、40%SN-851乳剂是上海农药厂近年来研制的新型复配杀虫剂。用25%菊乐合酯乳剂150克/亩、40%SN-851、100克/亩对竹象虫成虫的药效24小时均达100%,其经济成本分别为2.55元/亩和1.35元/亩。用这两种农药进行竹腔注射法防治竹卵圆蝽有一定的药效,对竹笋夜蛾的防效有待进一步试验。     

应用杀铃脲防治杨扇舟蛾试验初报

1997年至1998年在长春和敦化两地，应用20％杀铃脲悬浮剂对杨扇舟蛾进行了室内外防治试验。林间防治试验表明，应用杀铃脲悬浮剂1：5000和1：7000进行树冠喷雾防治杨扇舟蛾幼虫，防治效果分别达到89．9％和92．8％。     

应用多来宝悬浮剂飞机低容量防治松毛虫试验初报

应用多来宝悬浮剂飞机低容量防治松毛虫试验初报赵瑞兴，赖杰超（辽宁省森防检疫站１１００３６）（阜新县森防检疫站）松毛虫是辽宁省的重要森林害虫，每年发生面积占全省森林病虫害发生总面积的５０％以上，防治经费达数百万元。近十多年来，一直使用菊酯类杀虫剂进行防...     

应用灭虫药包和布撒器防治食叶害虫试验初报

2004—2006年,先后在重庆、广西、山西等地进行了灭虫药包及布撒器施药技术防治食叶害虫试验。试验表明,除白僵菌灭虫药包因天气影响而防治效果较低外,其他灭虫药包防治效果十分显著。应用该项技术可降低防治成本和防治作业劳动强度,扩大有效防治面积,提高防治效率和药剂覆盖度,保护环境和生物多样性。     

设施园艺害虫可持续控制措施

论述了我国设施艺几种类型——日光温室、节能日光温室、玻璃温室、塑料大棚温室等的利用状况及温室园艺害虫发生特点。围绕可持续控制理论，提出温室园艺害虫防治措施。以蔗扁蛾Opogona sacchari(Bojer)、美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae Blanchard、土粉蚧Ripersilella sp.3种重要害虫的发生、蔓延趋势，说明植物检疫的必要性及重要性。列举了国内目前可行的栽培管理、物理防治、生物防治等方面具体措施及防治技术，充分说明在设施园艺害虫防治上可持续控制的理论与实践的结合与统一。     

Differences in bird species diversities between a natural mixed forest and a coniferous plantation

Bird species diversity and bird species richness were surveyed in a natural mixed forest (mature forest) and in a coniferous plantation (30–40 years old) monthly from 1990 to 1994. These forests were 20 km apart and had similar weather conditions and soil types. There were larch and cedar plantations, and hardwoods along streams in the coniferous plantation. In the natural mixed forest, 55 bird species were found, whereas 40 species were recorded in the coniferous plantation. The species diversity of bird communities was significantly higher in the natural mixed forest than in the coniferous plantation mixed with hardwood trees. This result indicates that the coniferous plantation mixed with hardwood trees, presumed to be a more simplified environment, is likely to be less inhabitable for many bird species than the natural mixed forest, suggesting a relationship between the diversity of the forest environment and the diversity of the bird community. A higher number of bird species was recorded in the small coniferous forest mixed with hardwood trees compared with those in the coniferous plantation. The mixing of broad-leaved trees in a coniferous plantation was suggested to be effective in increasing number of bird species. These tendencies were recorded all through the year during our study. In snow-covering periods, both the diversity and the bird species richness fell in all study sites every year. Snow cover would have greater effect on bird species diversity in the coniferous plantation than in other forest types probably due to diet shortages caused by the snow cover over the forest floor.     

福建省毛竹害螨发生情况与综合治理

该文简述了福建省毛竹害螨种类、分布与危害情况 ,分析了暴发成灾的主要原因 ,提出营林技术措施、保护利用天敌与竹腔注射药物相结合的对策综合治理毛竹害螨     

我国林业有害植物危害现状及防控对策

对外来入侵有害植物发生与危害概况、正确认识有害植物的入侵问题、如何防控外来有害植物入侵和当前外来林业有害植物防控对策等4个方面进行论述,为今后做好外来林业有害植物防控工作提供了决策参考.     

Antagonistic effects of species on C respiration and net N mineralization in soils from mixed coniferous plantations

Mixtures of litter from different plant species often show non-additive effects on decomposition and net N release (i.e., observed effects in mixtures differ from predictions based on litter of the component species), with positive non-additive (i.e., synergistic effects) being most common. Although large amounts of C and N reside in soil organic matter that contribute significantly to the overall C and N cycle, only a few studies have compared species monoculture vs. mixture effects on soil C and N dynamics. We studied the interactive effects of black spruce (Picea mariana), tamarack (Larix laricina), and white pine (Pinus strobus) on soil C respiration and net N mineralization in a plantation in northern Minnesota, USA. The trees were planted in monoculture and in all three possible two-species combinations (mixtures). After 10 years, we measured aboveground plant biomass and soil C respiration and net N mineralization rates in long-term (266 days) and short-term (13 days) laboratory incubations, respectively. Soil C respiration and net N mineralization were significantly lower in mixtures with tamarack than would be predicted from the monocultures of the two component species. Possibly, mixing of lignin rich litter from black spruce or white pine with N rich litter from tamarack suppressed the formation of lignolytic enzymes or formed complexes highly resistant to microbial degradation. However, these antagonistic effects on soil C respiration and net N mineralization in mixtures with tamarack did not result in reduced aboveground biomass in these plots after 10 years of growth. It remains to be seen if these antagonistic effects will affect long-term forest productivity and dynamics in boreal forests.     

Links between plant diversity, carbon stocks and environmental factors along a successional gradient in a subalpine coniferous forest in Southwest China

In all, 48 sites of subalpine coniferous forest that had undergone natural regeneration for 5-310 years were selected as study locations in the Southwest China. We compared species richness (S), plant diversity (Shannon-Wiener index, H′; Margalef index, R), and above- and below-ground ecosystem carbon (C) pools of six plant communities along a chronosequence of vegetation restoration, and we also examined evidence for a functional relationship between plant diversity and C storage. Our results showed that above-ground C increased significantly (over 52-fold), mainly due to the increase of C in aboveground living plants and surface litter. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content increased from the herb community type (dominated by Deyeuxia scabrescens, P1) to mixed forest type (dominated by Betula spp. and Abies faxoniana, P4), which constituted the main C pool of the system (63-89%), but decreased thereafter (communities P5-P6). The mean C stock in the whole ecosystem - trees, litter layer and mineral soil - ranged from 105 to 730 Mg C ha⁻¹ and was especially high in the spruce forest community type (dominated by Picea purpurea, P6). On the other hand, the relationships between C stocks (soil, aboveground) and mean annual temperature or altitude were generally weak (P > 0.05). Moreover, we did not detect a relationship between S and aboveground C storage, while we found a significant negative relationship between H′, R and aboveground C storage. In addition, our experiment demonstrated that total root biomass and litter C/N ratio were significant functional traits influencing SOC, while S, R, and H′ had little effect. Path analysis also revealed that litter C/N ratio predominantly regulated SOC through changes in the quantity of microorganisms and soil invertase enzyme activity.     

德宏州西南桦人工林的生物多样性分析

生物多样性的保持是人工林发展过程中一个倍受关注的焦点问题,本研究选择德宏州的西南桦人工林作为研究对象,在样地调查的基础上,统计分析西南桦人工林的生物多样性状况。结果表明,调查的10块典型样地中,植物种类44－124种。西南桦人工林的群落结构包括单层纯林、单优多层多种林、混交林和林农作物间作等不同类别,并在人工林内记录到部分国家级和省级保护植物种类。通过与德宏州铜壁关自然保护区的天然西南桦林和同处云南热区的西双版纳普文试验林场西南桦人工林相对比,表明德宏州营建的西南桦人工林显现出较好的生物多样性恢复能力。     

Experimental warming effects on root nitrogen absorption and mycorrhizal infection in a subalpine coniferous forest

Climate warming may change soil nutrient supply and affect the biogeochemical processes, especially the nitrogen (N) cycle in forest ecosystems. However, little is still known about how root N uptake responds to climate warming, and whether forests will experience more intense N limitation under warming. We studied the N absorption and mycorrhizal infection rate in the roots of seedlings of a subalpine coniferous species, Picea asperata Mast., under experimental warming, four years after the seedlings were transplanted in the experimental plots. We found that warming had a significant positive effect on root N absorption, with increases of 151.1%, 99.6%, and 71.9% in May, July, and October of 2011, respectively, when compared to the control treatment. In addition, warming increased the N element content and reduced the C:N ratio of the roots over the warming period. Warming also increased mycorrhizal infections by 30.5%, 12.3%, and 108.1% in May, July, and October of 2011, respectively, when compared to the control treatment. Increases in the N absorption and mycorrhizal infection rates in roots may be an important adjustment to meet plant N demand in the subalpine coniferous forest under warming.     

藏东南主要针叶林球果害虫种类及危害情况调查

2015—2017年,采用野外实地调查与室内解剖、饲养相结合的方法对藏东南主要针叶林球果害虫及其危害特征进行了研究。结果表明:高山松Pinus densata林球果害虫为赤松梢斑螟Dioryctria sylvestrella,林芝云杉Picea likiangensis var.linzhiensis林球果害虫为冷杉梢斑螟D.abietella,急尖长苞冷杉Abies georgei var.smithii林球果害虫为球果螟D.sp.、球果花蝇Lasiomma sp.和大痣小蜂Megastigmus sp.,害虫区系与东北针叶林害虫区系类似。高山松天然林球果的被害率为9.23%,人工林被害率为23.33%,1个球果1头虫;色季拉山林芝云杉林球果被害率为69.76%,波密县岗乡球果被害率为41.55%,1个球果1～6头虫不等;急尖长苞冷杉林球果总被害率为19.18%,多数情况1个球果1种害虫危害,少数情况1个球果2种害虫同时危害。     

华北落叶松人工林侵蚀沟内植物多样性研究

为进行林下侵蚀沟的植被恢复与生态保育,以冀北山地典型的华北落叶松人工林为研究对象,对林下侵蚀沟内植物多样性进行了研究。结果表明:侵蚀沟内平均物种丰富度约为13.03,低于沟外,物种组成主要为耐干旱瘠薄物种,无明显优势种;沟内群落密度为131.3株/m2,明显低于沟外的211.6株/m2;沟内物种均匀度指数高于沟外,但两者的物种多样性指数无明显差异。对比侵蚀沟两侧坡面多样性可知,半阴坡耐阴喜湿植物重要值较高,丰富度和多样性均高于半阳坡,而均匀度指数无明显差异。