猪肝中β-受体激动剂残留检测能力验证结果分析

为了解我国食品检测实验室的β-受体激动剂检测能力,CNAS于2010年委托中国兽医药品监察所组织实施了猪肝中克仑特罗、沙丁胺醇和莱克多巴胺三种β-受体激动剂残留检测的能力验证工作.全国22个省、市、自治区的共68个实验室参加了本次能力验证,采用的测试方法主要是液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)和气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS).结果显示:克仑特罗、沙丁胺醇和莱克多巴胺的实验室满意结果率分别为77.8%、89.6%和92.2%,可疑结果率分别为11.1%、4.17%和0,不满意结果率分别为11.1%、6.25%和7.84%,说明参加能力验证的绝大多数实验室可以准确检测以上三种β-受体激动剂残留.     

猪肝中β-受体激动剂残留检测能力验证研究

为了解我国食品检测实验室的β-受体激动剂检测能力,CNAS于2010年委托中国兽医药品监察所组织实施了猪肝中克仑特罗、沙丁胺醇和莱克多巴胺三种β-受体激动剂残留检测的能力验证工作。全国22个省、市、自治区的共68个实验室参加了本次能力验证,采用的测试方法主要是液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）和气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）。结果显示：克仑特罗、沙丁胺醇和莱克多巴胺的实验室满意结果率分别为77.8%、89.6%和92.2%,可疑结果率分别为11.1%、4.17%和0,不满意结果率分别为11.1%、6.25%和7.84%,说明参加能力验证的绝大多数实验室可以准确检测以上三种β-受体激动剂残留。     

猪肉中磺胺类药物残留检测能力验证分析

为了解我国食品检测实验室的磺胺类药物残留检测能力,中国合格评定国家认可委员会(CNAS)于2011年委托中国兽医药品监察所组织实施了猪肉中磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑和磺胺二甲氧嘧啶四种磺胺类药物残留检测的能力验证工作。全国16个省、市、自治区的共37家实验室参加了本次能力验证,采用的测试方法主要是液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)。结果显示:磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑和磺胺二甲氧嘧啶实验室满意结果率分别为93.9%、93.9%、93.9%和94.1%,可疑结果率分别为3.03%、3.03%、0和0,不满意结果率分别为3.03%、3.03%、6.06%和5.88%,说明参加能力验证的绝大多数实验室可以准确检测以上四种磺胺类药物残留。     

农业部开展兽药残留检测能力验证工作

为加强兽药残留检测机构能力建设,提升兽药残留监控水平,日前,农业部下发了“农业部办公厅关于组织开展兽药残留检测能力验证工作的通知》（农办医[2011]34号）,参加单位为承担农业部兽药残留检测任务的省级兽药监察所、国家兽药残留基准实验室,对鸡肉中氯霉素的残留测定项目由已配置了液相色谱串联质谱仪或气相色谱质谱仪的单位检测,其他单位可自愿申请参加。验证项目为牛奶中甲砜霉素、鸡肉中氯霉素的残留测定。     

农业部开展兽药残留检测能力验证工作

为加强兽药残留检测机构能力建设,提升兽药残留监控水平,日前,农业部下发了“农业部办公厅关于组织开展兽药残留检测能力验证工作的通知》（农办医[2011]34号）,参加单位为承担农业部兽药残留检测任务的省级兽药监察所、国家兽药残留基准实验室,对鸡肉中氯霉素的残留测定项目由已配置了液相色谱串联质谱仪或气相色谱质谱仪的单位检测,其他单位可自愿申请参加。验证项目为牛奶中甲砜霉素、鸡肉中氯霉素的残留测定。     

胶体金免疫层析法测定动物组织中氯霉素残留

应用胶体金免疫层析法对动物组织中的氯霉素残留进行检测,研究该方法的灵敏度、假阳性率、假阴性率及特异性。结果表明,用胶体金免疫层析法测定猪肉、鸡肉、鱼、虾中的氯霉素,检测限均为0.3g/kg,假阳性率和假阴性率皆为0%;方法的特异性较好,对其他抗生素无交叉反应;检测加标样本的结果与液相色谱-串联质谱法基本一致。可见,该方法简便、快速、准确、稳定,可作为动物组织中氯霉素残留现场快速检测的一种有效手段。     

农业部开展兽药残留检测能力验证工作

为加强兽药残留检测机构能力建设，提升兽药残留监控水平，日前，农业部下发了“农业部办公厅关于组织开展兽药残留检测能力验证工作的通知》（农办医[2011]34号），参加单位为承担农业部兽药残留检测任务的省级兽药监察所、国家兽药残留基准实验室，对鸡肉中氯霉素的残留测定项目由已配置了液相色谱串联质谱仪或气相色谱质谱仪的单位检测...     

实验室污染对氯霉素残留检测的影响

分析实验室氯霉素污染来源及其对氯霉素残留检测的影响.以乙腈为溶剂,对实验台面、实验器具表面的污染物进行收集,应用液相色谱-质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS),对收集液中的氯霉素含量进行测定;以浸泡过氯霉素的实验器具为阳性对照,考察实验器具的清洗方法对氯霉素去除效果.结果表明:大部分实验器具的污染物提取液检出了氯霉素,阳性实验器具清洗后仍检出氯霉素.实验室污染可能造成实验结果假阳性,因此,建立有效的预防体系避免实验室污染,对减少痕量分析中假阳性的出现具有重要意义.     

快速测定婴幼儿乳粉中的氯霉素残留

建立一种高效液相色谱一串联质谱法快速测定婴幼儿乳粉中氯霉素残留的方法。样品以D5-氯霉素为内标,碱化后,经乙酸乙酯提取、低温离心、氮吹浓缩,流动相复溶,采用高效液相色谱一串联质谱法测定。结果表明：在0．1-5μg/L范围内氯霉素呈良好的线性关系,高、中、低浓度回收率为80％～110％,精密度小于15％,定量限为0．1μg/kg。本方法快速、简便,适于乳粉中氯霉素残留的快速测定。     

生猪氯霉素残留检测分析

为了解本市猪肉中兽药残留情况,随机抽查凌海市几个周边县区农贸市场市售鲜猪肉,检测氯霉素的残留情况。采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）,取猪肝160份测定氯霉素残留,结果阳性数10份,检测阳性率6．25％。检测结果不容乐观。为确保本市鲜猪肉供应的食品安全,应加强源头监控。     

国际种子检验协会实验室能力验证方法对健全我国草种子实验室能力验证体系的启示

本文论述种子实验室能力验证定义与意义,介绍国际种子检验协会实验室能力验证计划、验证的范围及能力验证结果评定的方法,并阐述和分析了我国草种子检验实验室能力验证现状和存在问题,给出了建立健全草种子实验室能力验证体系的一些建议。     

Survey of chloramphenicol residues in diseased swine.

Tissue samples from 279 hogs suspected of having received antibiotic treatment were collected at federally-inspected abattoirs and submitted for chloramphenicol residue analysis during August and September 1984. Injection sites (when present), kidneys or muscle samples were tested by one of two gas chromatographic methods. Kidney samples were also tested at the abattoirs by the Swab Test On Premises. Thirty-one animals (11%) were found with detectable levels ranging from 1 part per billion to 5727 ppb. Highest levels were found at the injection sites, while levels in muscle tissue did not exceed 500 ppb. None of the kidneys from animals found to contain chloramphenicol residues produced a positive Swab Test On Premises result attributable to the presence of chloramphenicol. Twelve kidneys from animals free of chloramphenicol residues produced positive Swab Test On Premises results. Of these, five contained penicillin or streptomycin, but antibiotic residues were not detected in the remaining seven. In addition to the samples collected for this survey, samples from eight hogs representing a herd which had been treated for pneumonia were submitted by an abattoir in Manitoba in November 1984. Chloramphenicol levels in these animals ranged from 0.1 to 73 parts per million in the injection sites, and from 0.04 to 21 ppm in the muscle tissues. The survey data indicated that there were a significant number of animals reaching the abattoirs with detectable chloramphenicol residues, and that the Swab Test On Premises procedure was ineffective in detecting these animals.     

氯霉素残留的危害及其检测方法

氯霉素属广谱抗生素 ,曾在畜牧业中广为应用。但氯霉素有较强的副作用和毒性作用 ,如果氯霉素在食用动物中残留 ,可通过食物链传给人类 ,长期微量摄入氯霉素 ,不仅使人体肠道正常菌群失调 ,而且还会引起多种疾病 ,对人类的健康造成危害。世界上许多国家禁止此药用于生产食品动物 ,并规定了在畜产品中氯霉素不得检出。对于氯霉素的残留 ,存在多种检测方法 ,不同的检测方法具有不同的检出限。检测限问题已成为关注的焦点 ,发达国家对检出限的要求越来越严格     

Effects of a breeding scheme combined by genomic pre‐selection and progeny testing on annual genetic gain in a dairy cattle population

The effectiveness of the incorporation of genomic pre‐selection into dairy cattle progeny testing (GS‐PT) was compared with that of progeny testing (PT) where the fraction of dam to breed bull (DB) selected was 0.01. When the fraction of sires to breed bulls (SB) selected without being progeny tested to produce young bulls (YB) in the next generation was 0.2, the annual genetic gain from GS‐PT was 13% to 43% greater when h² = 0.3 and 16% to 53% greater when h² = 0.1 compared with that from PT. Given h² = 0.3, a selection accuracy of 0.8 for both YB and DB, and selected fractions of 0.117 for YB and 0.04 for DB, GS‐PT produced 40% to 43% greater annual genetic gain than PT. Given h² = 0.1, a selection accuracy of 0.6 for both YB and DB, and selected fractions of 0.117 for YB and 0.04 for DB, annual genetic gain from GS‐PT was 48% to 53% greater than that from PT. When h² = 0.3, progeny testing capacity had little effect on annual genetic gain from GS‐PT. However, when h² = 0.1, annual genetic gain from GS‐PT increased with increasing progeny testing capacity.     

四川省屏山县提升屠宰企业非洲猪瘟检测能力的实践与思考

为提升四川省屏山县屠宰企业非洲猪瘟检测能力,采用问卷和现场调查、到场指导以及集中培训等方式,对辖区内5家屠宰企业非洲猪瘟检测实验室基本情况开展调查和软硬件提升指导,并对检测人员进行培训和开展现场比对试验。结果显示:2019年初建非洲猪瘟检测实验室以后,屏山县5家屠宰企业对实验室均进行了分区、添置设备等硬件改造,检测人员数量有所增加,专业人员和全职人员占比增高,年龄结构向年轻化转变,比对检测的平均符合率由48%提升到100%。这提示改造实验室硬件设施设备,优化检测人员队伍,加强检测人员培训,可显著提升屠宰企业非洲猪瘟检测能力。     

The quality assurance of proficiency testing programs for animal disease diagnostic laboratories.

Laboratory data credibility has 3 major components: 1) valid methods, 2) proficiency testing (PT) to verify that the analyst can conduct the method and to compare results of other laboratories using the same method, and 3) third-party accreditation to verify that the laboratory is competent to conduct testing and that the method validation has been done within the environment and requirements of an effective quality-management system. Participation in external PT programs by a laboratory is strongly recommended in International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission International Standard 17025. Most laboratory accreditation bodies using this standard require that laboratories participate in such programs to be accredited. Internal PT is also recommended for each analyst. Benchmarking, or comparison between laboratories using PT or reference materials, is also recommended as part of the validation and evaluation of test methods. These requirements emphasize the need for proficiency test providers to demonstrate their competence. Requirements for competence are documented in national and international standards and guidelines, and accreditation is available for providers. This article discusses the activities and the components that are necessary and recommended for PT projects and programs for animal disease diagnostic testing. These are based on the requirements of the national and international standards, which address this subject, and on the experience of the author. The accreditation of external PT programs is also discussed. Organizations that accredit PT providers or that provide PT programs are listed. Existing references, guidelines, and standards that are relevant to PT in veterinary diagnostic laboratories are discussed.     

高灵敏度酶联免疫法快速检测动物源性产品中氯霉素残留的研究

本试验旨在应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测动物组织中氯霉素的残留。根据试剂盒操作说明对样本进行前处理,样品中的氯霉素与氯霉素酶结合物竞争结合酶标板微孔中固相化的氯霉素特异性抗体,根据酶催化显色剂显色的深浅来判断样品中氯霉素含量。试验结果显示,该方法对样品的检测限在0.1 μg/kg以下;以20~300 ng/kg浓度的氯霉素添加到动物源性产品中,其回收率范围74.4%~105.4%;变异系数在15%以下。结果表明建立的ELISA试剂盒能满足检测动物源性产品中氯霉素残留的需要。