乌饭树芽诱导体系的建立

以乌饭树单芽茎段和幼嫩叶片为试材,通过比较不同消毒方法、取材部位、茎段放置方式以及激素对乌饭树初代培养的作用,研究了不同因素对其初代培养中芽诱导效果的影响。结果表明:75%酒精30s+0.1%升汞6min消毒效果最佳,污染率为0,褐化率较低,萌芽率较高,展叶天数较早,且消毒后的外植体生长状况最佳;乌饭树单芽茎段较其叶片用作试验材料较好;放置方式以茎段横置于培养基中较佳;相较其它激素,ZT对乌饭树的诱导效果好,而各浓度的ZT中,以4mg/L效果最佳。     

濒危植物单性木兰外植体启动培养

以单性木兰(Kmeria septentrionalis)种子、带有腋芽的茎段为外植体,以MS为基本培养基探讨不同消毒剂、消毒时间以及不同的培养基配方对单性木兰诱导不定芽及愈伤组织的启动培养研究。结果表明:种子外植体以37%Na Cl O溶液联合0.1%Hg Cl2溶液的效果优于75%乙醇联合0.1%Hg Cl2溶液的消毒效果,且37%Na Cl O 10min+0.1%Hg Cl210min的消毒效果最佳,污染率为13.3%。带有腋芽的茎段作为外植体,75%乙醇50s+0.1%Hg Cl218min时消毒效果最好,污染率为9%。培养基MS+6-BA2.0mg/L+KT 2.0mg/L+2,4-D 0.5mg/L可以诱导腋芽和愈伤组织的生长,启动率是70%。     

垂丝海棠无菌体系建立研究

以垂丝海棠为试材,研究了外植体消毒的影响因素、芽诱导启动最适的培养基和植物生长激素浓度组合。结果表明:每年4～8月取材的幼嫩外植体灭菌效果最好,单芽茎段用75%酒精30s+0.1%HgCl2消毒6min、叶片采用75%酒精30s+0.1%HgCl2消毒8min效果最佳,花瓣作为外植体,染菌率高,不利于无菌体系的建立;正交实验表明,芽诱导启动的最适培养基及激素浓度组合为:WPM+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L,启动率为87%。     

宁夏枸杞不同外植体离体培养芽形成的研究

研究了宁夏枸杞的不同外植体,不同取材时间及生长调节剂的使用对离体培养芽化形成的影响.结果表明:(1)就外植体而言,以茎尖为外植体的芽诱导率最高,平均达到65.2%,茎段次之,诱导率平均为44.2%,叶片不能诱导形成芽.(2)就取材时间而言,以5月份的取材对芽的诱导效果最好.(3)就生长调节剂而言,BA和KT在0.1～2.0 mg/L的浓度范围内,对芽的产生起促进作用,且以BA为1.0 mg/L时效果为最好,当BA或KT和IBA配合使用时,可提高芽的诱导率,以IBA 0.5 mg/L BA 1.0 mg/L的效果最佳.     

褐毛铁线莲茎段诱导丛生芽的研究

以褐毛铁线莲(Clematis fusca)带芽茎段为外植体进行组织培养,研究了不同取材季节及植物生长调节剂对茎段诱导不定芽的影响。结果表明:春季为外植体取材的最佳季节,带芽茎段初代培养的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.05mg/L,不定芽萌发率为93.33%,带芽茎段的继代增殖培养的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 0.05mg/L+KT 1.0mg/L,不定芽的增殖系数为2.63。     

不同时期及部位的外植体对香石竹芽形成的影响

在春、冬季取香石竹的顶芽、茎段芽进行离体培养,研究不同采集季节及部位的外植体对香石竹芽形成的影响。结果表明:在春季取顶芽做外植体采用70%酒精30s+0.1%升汞6min消毒处理可获得较好的试管苗。70%酒精30s+0.1%升汞6min较适宜于外植体消毒,在春季取材,顶芽分化优于茎段芽,在冬季取材,茎段芽分化优于顶芽。     

新疆树上干杏不定芽再生影响因子的研究

以新疆树上干杏茎段为材料,研究了外植体消毒、植物激素的种类及其浓度和取材时间等因素对茎段不定芽再生的影响。结果表明:75%酒精30 s+0.1%HgCl25 min+15%H2O220 min具有较好的灭菌效果,且不会较大影响茎段不定芽的再生;最适诱导不定芽再生的培养基为改良MS+TDZ 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,培养15 d后出芽率可达到90.8%;分裂素TDZ促进不定芽再生的效果优于6-BA;春季取材效果明显优于夏季取材。     

基于番茄‘208’的离体培养技术研究

试验以6-BA、KTI、AA、NAA等不同的细胞分裂素、生长激素对番茄外植体的愈伤组织诱导、愈伤组织分化、外植体直接诱导不定芽及芽增殖的影响进行研究。结果表明:用茎段或子叶做外植体,愈伤组织诱导和分化最佳配方均为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+IAA 0.5 mg/L;子叶茎段直接产生不定芽的最佳配方为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+IAA 0.2~0.5 mg/L。     

不同消毒方式及激素配比对毛桃愈伤组织形成的影响

以毛桃品种"春美"当年生枝的茎段以及嫩叶为外植体,采用单因子试验方法,研究了在不同消毒方法下接种的2种外植体的污染率和愈伤组织形成率,以及不同激素种类和浓度配比下2种外植体的愈伤组织形成率,以期为建立毛桃再生体系以及毛桃的遗传转化提供参考依据。结果表明:毛桃茎段的表面消毒以75%酒精30s+2.5%NaClO 10min为佳;适合茎段的最佳初代培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg·L~(-1)+IBA 0.5mg·L~(-1)+GA30.5mg·L~(-1),毛桃叶片的表面消毒以75%酒精30s+2.5%NaClO 6min+0.5%NaClO10min最佳,适合叶片的最佳初代培养基为1/2MS+TDZ 1.5mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.1mg·L~(-1)。     

苦瓜下胚轴的离体再生体系

为了建立高频的苦瓜离体再生体系,为苦瓜遗传转化提供技术基础,筛选了最适消毒方法和外植体类型。以MS培养基为基础培养基,添加不同浓度激素组合,筛选最适于苦瓜不定芽诱导、伸长和生根的培养基。最佳的消毒方法为:用水浸泡去壳的种子15 min,在超净工作台中用75%酒精浸泡30 s后再用4%NaClO浸泡6 min,用无菌水冲洗4～5遍,污染率为0,发芽率为98%;最佳的愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+2.5 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.01 mg·L~(-1)IBA,愈伤组织密度为0.79 g·cm~(-3),不定芽的分化率为39%,最佳外植体为下胚轴(12 d),诱导率为41%;最佳的增殖培养基为MS+1.0 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.005 mg·L~(-1)IBA;最佳的生根培养基为MS+0.1 mg·L~(-1)IBA,移栽存活率为74%。初步建立了苦瓜离体再生体系。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.