Announcing the Joint 2005 Annual Meetings of the Agriculture,Food, and Human Values Society (Afhvs) and the Association for The Study of Food And Society (Asfs) Theme: Visualizing Food and Farm

Announcement

Announcing the Joint 2005 Annual Meetings of the Agriculture, Food, and Human Values Society (Afhvs) and the Association for The Study of Food And Society (Asfs) Theme: Visualizing Food and Farm     

Celebrating hunger in Michigan: A critique of an emergency food program and an alternative for the future

Michigan Harvest Gathering is a popular and nationally acclaimed antihunger campaign. It represents a state-sponsored partnership among public, private, and nonprofit institutions to improve conditions for Michigan's citizens in need". This paper reviews the program, and in the process, critically examines its underlying assumptions about the nature of hunger and helping, about those who are hungry, and about the relationship of agriculture to the remediation of hunger throughout the state. It argues that, in keeping with Michigan's corporatist orientation, the program valorizes the agrofood industry at the expense of sustained public welfare. An alternative approach based on the development of greater local food autonomy provides a programmatic contrast to the elaboration of a helping industry designed to deliver emergency food assistance.An earlier version of this paper was prepared for the session: "Food, Social Values and the Future: Interdisciplinary Crystal-Gazing" at the Cuisine, Agriculture & Social Change conference, jointly sponsored by Agriculture, Food, and Human Values Society and the Association for the Study of Food and Society, June 9–12, 1994, Tucson, AZ.     

江苏省无公害稻米生产技术体系的研究与实施Ⅱ无公害稻米生产技术体系的实施效果

以符合无公害稻米生产环境条件要求的南京市江宁区土桥镇为生产基地,选用江苏省育成的优质高产水稻新品种,依照江苏省无公害水稻生产标准,通过"公司+基地+农户"的运作方式实施无公害稻米产业化生产.生产的"土桥牌"珍珠大米经上海农业部食品质量监督检验监测中心抽样检测表明其质量符合绿色食品标准.     

2008 AFHVS presidential address

The critical studies in the Sociology of Agriculture can be generally divided into four questions: Agrarian, Environmental, Food, and Emancipatory. While the four questions overlap and all address social justice concerns, there is a chronological sequence to the studies. In this presidential address presented at the joint meetings of the Agriculture, Food, and Human Values Society and the Association for the Study of Food in Society held in June 2008 in New Orleans, LA, I provide an overview of the four questions and call for researchers and activists in agrifood studies to engage as public social scientists to bring about a more just and equitable agrifood system.     

浅议陕西省宝鸡市无公害农产品生产与市场发展

为全面提高我国农产品质量安全水平,2001年农业部启动了"无公害食品行动计划",全面加强农产品产地环境、生产过程、农业投入品和市场准入管理。推进农业标准化,加强例行监测,强化市场监管。建设安全流通渠道,推进农业生产源头的洁净化、生产与经营的标准化、质量安全监管的制度化、市场营销的战略化和经营品牌化,全面提高农产品质量安全水平和市场竞争力。     

青田县传统稻鱼共生农业系统成为全球重要农业遗产的意义和保护对策

2005年5月间,浙江青田县稻鱼共生农业系统被联合国粮农组织评为“全球重要农业遗产”,这对具有优良农业传统的中国来说是一个极大的喜讯。今后如何管护好这样的农业遗产,并促进地方经济繁荣和提高当地人民的生活水平,还有许多问题需要解决。本文就此提出了一些建议,供有关方面参考。     

椴六点天蛾在广东省江门市的风险性分析

椴六点天蛾Marumba dyras是天蛾科Sphingidae六点天蛾属Marumba一种重要的食叶害虫。依据联合国粮农组织（FAO）关于有害生物风险性分析方法,对椴六点天蛾在广东省江门市的分布情况、传播的可能性、潜在危险性、受害寄主的重要性以及危险性处理难度等5个方面作定性和定量分析。结果表明:椴六点天蛾在广东省江门市的综合风险值（R）为0.96,属低度危险的林业有害生物。     

2000年世界农业普查方案综述

2000年世界农业普查方案由联合国粮食和农业组织和其他机构及个人联合制订,并且进行了广泛讨论和修订。该方案内容丰富,涉及调查目的、范围和时间、调查项目、调查方法、调查表和汇总表的设计、调查人员培训、预先调查、数据处理和数据发布等。     

基于文献计量学的世界苹果研究态势分析

基于Web of Science数据库,采用文献计量学方法,分析了2001~2012年全球发表的关于苹果研究的文献类型,年度发文量,居世界前20名的国家、机构、作者、期刊和学科归属等情况。结果表明:2001~2012年间全球发表的苹果文献共17 699篇,文献类型以学术论文为主;论文的产出量呈逐年上升趋势,2011年发文量最高,约是2001年的2倍;美国、中国、西班牙、意大利和德国发文量居世界前5位,美国发文量最多,为4 578篇;中国的苹果种植面积和总产量均居世界第一位;美国农业部农业研究服务中心、康奈尔大学、加拿大农业和农产品研究所、华盛顿州大学和法国农业科学研究院苹果论文数量多,中国农业大学、中国科学院和浙江大学分别居第八、第十二和第十五位;最有学术影响力的作者来自美国;主要的发文期刊是《HortScience》、《Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry》、《Phytopathology》、《Postharvest Biology and Technology》和《Journal of Food Engineering》;主要的学科是农业、食品科学技术、植物科学、化学和昆虫学;农业和食品科学技术方面是其研究的重点领域。     

Soil fertility management in the mid-hills of Nepal: Practices and perceptions

Sustaining soil fertility is essential to the prosperity of many households in the mid-hills of Nepal, but there are concerns that the breakdown of the traditional linkages between forest, livestock, and cropping systems is adversely affecting fertility. This study used triangulated data from surveys of households, discussion groups, and key informants in 16 wards in eastern and western Nepal to determine the existing practices for soil fertility management, the extent of such practices, and the perception of the direction of changes in soil fertility. The two principal practices for maintaining soil fertility were the application of farmyard manure (FYM) and of chemical fertilizer (mainly urea and diammonium phosphate). Green manuring, in-situ manuring, slicing terrace risers, and burning plant residues are rarely practiced. FYM usage was variable with more generally applied to khet land (average 6053 kg fresh weight manure ha^–1) than to bari land (average 4185 kg fresh weight manure ha^–1) with manure from goats and poultry preferred above that from cows and buffaloes. Almost all households (98%) apply urea to khet land and 87% to bari land, with 45% applying diammonium phosphate to both types of land. Application rates and timings of applications varied considerably both within and between wards suggesting poor knowledge transfer between the research and farming communities. The benefits of chemical fertilizers in terms of ease of application and transportation in comparison with FYM, were perceived to outweigh the widely reported detrimental hardening of soil associated with their continued usage. Among key informants, FYM applied in conjunction with chemical fertilizer was the most popular amendment, with FYM alone preferred more than chemical fertilizer alone – probably because of the latters long-term detrimental effects. Key informant and householder surveys differed in their perception of fertility changes in the last decade probably because of differences in age and site-specific knowledge. All key informants felt that fertility had declined but among households, only about 40% perceived a decline with the remainder about evenly divided between no change and an increase. Householders with small landholdings (< 0.5 ha) were more likely to perceive increasing soil fertility while those with larger landholdings (> 2 ha) were more likely to perceive declining fertility. Perceived changes in soil fertility were not related to food self-sufficiency. The reasons for the slow spread of new technologies within wards and the poor understanding of optimal use of chemical fertilizers in conjunction with improved quality FYM may repay further investigation in terms of sustaining soil fertility in this region.Colin Pilbeam graduated from the University of Oxford with an MA in Agriculture and Forest Sciences. He spent 11 years as a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow in the Department of Soil Science, The University of Reading researching nitrogen and water dynamics in cropping systems in Kenya, Syria, and Nepal. He is now the manager of research programs at Cranfield School of Management.Sudarshan Bhakta Mathema is a senior agricultural economist based in Kathmandu, Nepal. After serving the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, in Nepal for 23 years, he joined the UNs Food and Agriculture Organization as the Farming Systems Economist for 2years. Currently, Dr. Mathema is the Manager of the Hill Agriculture Research Project with the Department for International Development, UK. Dr Mathema has major expertise in the fields of farming systems research and development, participatory research and development, competitive grant systems, sustainable rural livelihoods, impact assessment, project management and implementation, agricultural extension methods, and various types of socio-economic research. He has worked as a consultant for various national and international institutes. He has published papers and reports in the field of agriculture, particularly focusing on Nepal.Peter Gregory has been the Professor of Soil Science at the University of Reading since 1994. His research focuses on the interactions between plant roots and soils and on the development of sustainable systems of crop production. He has worked in Australia, Syria, Nepal, India, and West Africa and is the chair of Global Environmental Change and Food Systems – an international research project on food security.Padma Bahadur Shakya is an Agricultural Economist who has worked for the Department of Agriculture under the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives in Nepal for more than 20 years. He has also been a short-term consultant for various national and international organizations such as FAO, the UNs World Food Programme, Swiss Development Corporation, Asian Development Bank, JICA, HARP, and several local NGOs. Currently, he is affiliated with the Agriculture Perspective Plan Support Programme, implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives.     

Some reflections on Eastern European agriculture an introductory essay to the special issue on “agriculture in Eastern Europe”

This article reviews three general themes pertaining to the transformation of Eastern European agriculture from a command system to a market oriented system. The first theme deals with the diverse character of Eastern European agriculture. In a context in which the agricultures of this region are often considered homogenous, acknowledgement of the varied dimension of this sector is a key element in both analytical and political terms. The second theme pertains to the market. The historical and theoretical dispute over the role of the market has not only been central in the socio-economic reorganization of Eastern European countries and agricultures but is also a common element shared with the West. The third and final theme refers to the changing social stratification of rural regions. The emergence of new and powerful social groups and the demise of others represent fundamental aspects in the understanding of possible trajectories for development. The article concludes with a review of the contributions contained in this special issue of Agriculture and Human Values.Alessandro Bonanno is Associate Professor of Rural Sociology at the University of Missouri-Columbia. He is the author of numerous journal articles and books, among themSmall Farms (1987),Sociology of Agriculture (1989),Agrarian Policies and Agricultural Systems (1990), andThe Agricultural and Food Sector in the New Global Era (1993). He is also co-editor of the forthcoming book From Columbus to ConAgra: The Globalization of Agriculture and Food. Since the late 1980s, he has been researching issues pertaining to the Agricultural and Food Sector in selected Eastern European Countries.     

Soil health: model programs in the USA

Population growth, increasing drought, and natural resources degradation are significant global issues. Fortunately, management practices to improve soil health can address many of these issues in ways that are both good for the farmer and the environment. In 2012, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service initiated its “Unlock the Secrets in the Soil” campaign to assist farmers and ranchers with adopting soil health systems. Other notable efforts at the federal level include research and education projects by USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, and Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education program. The importance of improving soil health is also recognized far beyond federal government programs. The Soil Health Institute, a nonprofit charity, was established to safeguard and enhance the vitality and productivity of soil through scientific research and adoption. Crop commodity organizations are promoting soil health, such as the Soil Health Partnership. The Nature Conservancy is helping companies and private landowners incorporate soil health into their sustainability efforts. Such efforts are supported by the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research, as well as by some of the leading global food companies such as General Mills. These are just a few of the many efforts to improve soil health in the USA. The significance of the expanding global population, natural resource challenges, and responsibilities to current and future generations truly make enhancing soil health a global imperative.     

中国与“77国集团和中国”罗马分部在联合国粮农机构的合作:现状与未来

本研究旨在提高国内对"77国集团和中国"罗马分部重要性的认识,以期通过中国项目和经费支持加强"77国集团和中国"罗马分部的能力建设,进而推动提升发展中国家在联合国粮农机构的话语权和影响力。研究通过查阅有关"77国集团和中国"罗马分部会议纪要及相关文献,走访咨询"77国集团和中国"罗马分部主席、秘书处和有关人员,参加"77国集团和中国"全体会议发现,"77国集团和中国"罗马分部的重要性没有得到充分认识,该机制和平台在运营和管理中心面临较多的困难和挑战,需要并期待中国智慧和中国支持。建议应积极加强中国与"77国集团和中国"罗马分部在联合国粮农三机构框架下的合作。     

创新科技服务模式 服务区域畜牧经济——畜牧科技服务“三农”的重庆模式

在解决重庆市的"老三农"和"新三农"问题的实践过程中,畜牧科技服务"三农"的重庆模式逐步凸显其特色和优势。文章总结了实施畜牧科技服务"三农"的重庆模式所取得的成效,阐述了实施该模式的具体措施,如坚持科技创新,做畜牧科技服务"三农"工作的坚强后盾;搭建技术平台,做畜牧科技服务"三农"工作的桥梁纽带;创新服务模式,做畜牧科技服务"三农"工作的实践者等,以期为促进重庆的区域畜牧经济发展提供借鉴。     

俄罗斯粮食和农业植物遗传资源概况

根据联合国粮农组织发布的《世界粮食和农业植物遗传资源状况第二份报告》的俄罗斯国家报告,介绍了俄罗斯粮食和农业植物遗传资源保护和发展现状,包括生物资源概况、原生境保存和非原生境保存、研究和利用、国家计划和国际合作。其内容齐全,是资源管理者、保护者和利用者的重要参考材料。     

Instrucions for Authors

<正>In 2009,Agriculturtal Science&Technology's full-texts have been included by international authority of the search tools AGRIS.AGRIS is the international information system for the agricultural sciences and technology.It was created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)in 1974,to facilitate information exchange and to bring together world     

Instrucions for Authors

<正>In 2009,Agriculturtal Science&Technology's full-texts have been included by international authority of the search tools AGRIS.AGRIS is the international information system for the agricultural sciences and technology.It was created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)in 1974,to facilitate information exchange and to bring together world     

Instrucions for Authors

<正>In 2009,Agriculturtal Science&Technology's full-texts have been included by international authority of the search tools AGRIS.AGRIS is the international information system for the agricultural sciences and technology.It was created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)in 1974,to facilitate information exchange and to bring together world     

Instrucions for Authors

<正>In 2009,Agriculturtal Science&Technology's full-texts have been included by international authority of the search tools AGRIS.AGRIS is the international information system for the agricultural sciences and technology.It was created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)in 1974,to facilitate information exchange and to bring together world lit-     

Instrucions for Authors

<正>In 2009, Agriculturtal Science & Technology's full-texts have been included by international authority of the search tools AGRIS. AGRIS is the international information system for the agricultural sciences and technology. It was created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in 1974, to facilitate information exchange and to bring together