Filtering Construct of Adaptive Filter Grou Pwith Multi-scale Decomposition

The principle and method of the adaptive filter and the filtering with wavelet transform were analyzed, and the model and method of adaptive filtering with wavelet transforms for the transient signal was established. The separated noise of signal by the multi-scale decomposition of wavelet transforms, was the input signal of adaptive filter, and accordingly the optimal filtering method of signal-noise decomposition was realized. By the adaptive filter grou Pbased on the wavelet transform, the optimal filtering to the multi-noise of signal is achieved at the same time, and the method presented in this paper has the excellent filtering capability. Examples of application demonstrate that this method presented is excellent to realize the optimal estimate to the valuable signal and noise of the transient signal in the same frequency segment.     

Single sample face recognition based on B-spline and image gradient

A single sample face recognition algorithm based on B-spline and image gradient is proposed. Image gradient method for face recognition has advantage of illumination invariant. But the recognition rate will be greatly decreased when the image contains noise which will seriously influence gradient information. Traditional methods to reduce noise smooth image at the same time and image gradient reorganization rate will be reduced. As the B-spline filter has the feature which can adjust the order, B-spline filter with different orders can be selected according to the image noise value to minimize noise while preserve image gradient information. Experiments prove that using B-spline and image gradient algorithm can achieve a better recognition rate than traditional filtering method on single sample face recognition problem.     

Temporal-spatial Filtering in the Preprocessing of Clinical EEG Signals

EEG spot-recording for clinical patients in the bed is always advocated due to easing patients and making them comfortable. But EEG signals recorded in the ward exposed to various noisesand interference is less effective in the EEG analysis. Atemporal-spatial filter is designed for noise removing of clinical EEG signals, the first filtering is temporal filtering using band-pass filter, and the second filtering is spatial filtering with ICA-based spatial filter. Experimental results indicate that various noises and interferences, such as power interference, blinking, eyes movements, muscle moments, ECG artifacts, etc., are removed effectively, individually or simultaneously.     

Noise-reduction of Digital Video Image Based on Time-recursive Filtering

With the analysis of the principle of time-recursive filter, the authors find that the nature of time-recursive filter is Weighted Mean Low-Pass filter and the relationship between filter coefficients and SNR and the artifact arising from the area where motion can not be tracked. One approach based on Automatic Control Method is proposed to solve the artifacts problem during the process of filtering and the authors designed the corresponding hardware based on FPGA and software respectively. The experimental results show that the time-recursive filtering is good at digital video image denoising and reduces the random noise of digital camera system.     

Topology optimization for constrained layerdamping material in structures using ESO method

Topology optimization for constrained damping material in structures is investigated in order to suppress structural vibration through the optimal placement of constrained damping material in structure. A mathematical model to describe the topology optimization problem is established. In the topology optimization approach, structural modal damping ratio is designed as objection function, while constrained damping material consumption is considered as constraint condition. The sensitivity of modal damping ratio to the place is analyzed. An evolutionary criterion for placement of constrained damping material in a structure is presented. The formula of sensitivity is derived and used to determine the optimized placement of constrained damping material in structure. The topology optimization problem is further solved by evolutionary structural optimization (ESO) method. The numerical examples are given. The results show that a stable and dramatic increase of the modal damping ratio during the course of iterations can be observed. Therefore, an optimal layout of constrained damping material in structure is obtained. The comparison of amplitude frequency characteristics with the optimal and fully covered layout validates the effectiveness of proposed topology optimized approach.     

芦苇沼泽湿地开发为稻田前后生态系统 服务价值对比研究——以丹东鸭绿江口湿地国家级自然保护区为例

芦苇沼泽湿地在调节气候、净化污水、促淤防蚀、维持生物多样性等方面有着重要的作用。但一直以来芦苇沼泽湿地被当作开发的对象，通过市场价值法、造林成本法、影子工程法、替代法对丹东鸭绿江口湿地国家级自然保护区的芦苇沼泽湿地的生态系统服务价值进行了评估，并假设其芦苇沼泽湿地全部开发为稻田，并对其生态系统服务价值进行了评估。结果表明，保护区内芦苇沼泽湿地的生态系统服务价值为12395.0万元。开发为稻田后生态服务功能价值为8925.4万元，生态系统服务价值减少了28%。芦苇沼泽湿地生态系统服务功能为8项，主要表现在水分调节功能价值和控制侵蚀、保护土壤价值分别占整个芦苇沼泽湿地生态系统服务价值的35%和32%，开发为稻田后生态系统服务价值减少为4项，主要表现为物质生产价值，占整个生态系统服务价值的75%。     

汽车转弯自动照明控制系统数据采集滤波方法

为了减少汽车转弯自动照明控制系统数据滤波处理中的延时,在滑动中值滤波方法基础上,提出了一种带补偿的限幅滑动中值滤波算法,通过补偿的方式跟随信号的变化趋势。该算法通过2个步骤完成滤波,先对数据进行带补偿方式的限幅处理,再进行滑动中值滤波处理。该算法综合了滑动中值滤波法的实时性以及限幅滤波法对偶然性干扰滤除的有效性,实现更准确的滤波。仿真与实测结果表明,与滑动中值滤波方法相比较,改进后的算法滤波能够实时地滤除数据中的干扰,处理时间可减少62%,滤波效果较好,且速度信号的数据滞后时间较短,实时性较高,满足系统设计要求。     

Comparative study on the identification of structural modal parameter using different methods

Chongqing Chaotianmen Yangtze River Bridge is the world's longest-span arch bridge. The node connections on its main truss’s lower chords are to bear millions of large-amplitude stress cycles caused by automobile and light-rail train loads. However, there exists no referential designing and testing experience in such detailing on long-span steel bridges at home and abroad as yet. High-cycle fatigue behavior testing on a detailing model has been conducted to study the fatigue reliability of the bridge’s critical node connections. The testing cycling load on the model is determined according to conventional specifications and the expected traffic flow on the Bridge. The 1/2-scale detailing model is carefully fabricated to simulate the node prototype and undergo the 2 million-cycle testing with the design load. Through testing, fatigue reliability of Chaotianmen Yangtze River Bridge’s main-truss lower-chord node connections during the design service life is verified. In addition, static test data are compared with those calculated by finite element analysis to prove the validity of the node model. In the end, fatigue destruction test of the model was carried out to get the fatigue failure law of the node connection and provide necessary parameters and reference for designing and monitoring of this bridge in the future.     

The filtered back-projection algorithm of magnetic induction tomography with uniform magnetic excitation

Helmholtz coils produce uniform sinusoidal magnetic field in the center region, and the direction of magnetic field is approximate straight line, to help simplify the complexity of inverse problems. The simulation models of an 8-channel magnetic induction tomography measurement system are built, reconstructing conductivity distribution with filtered back projection algorithm. In the filtered back projection algorithm, the detected data is supplemented by the linear interpolation first, and then filtered by the Hamming filter, while adding a window filter to reduce the impact of around the coil from the divergence of the magnetic field. The different noise ratio of noise is added in the detected data to test noise suppression ability of the algorithm. The experiment results show that this filtered back projection algorithm can reconstruct the conductivity distribution under this model.     

EEG Signal Denoising Based on Wavelet Transform

The article focuses on the method of noise cancellation for EEG signal. The method of notch filter is discussed. According to the frequency of noise and the principle of notch filter, the design result of the notch filter and the denoised signal are presented. Then, the analysis of EEG signal are proposed based on wavelet transform (WT) and noise cancellation using WT. Wavelet transform is a multi-resolution time-frequency analysis method. It can decompose mixed signal into signals at different frequency bands. The EEG signal is analyzed and denoised using WT, then the results are presented respectively. Comparing the experiment results shows that WT can detect and process noise in the EEG signal effectively.     

A Fast Median Filtering Algorithm

A fast median filtering algorithm basing on the coherence of data in adjacent windows is presented.During median filtering,only the first median value is found by conventional squencing algorithm,the other median values are obtained by bisecting search method and quickinserting new element in sequenced window.For convenience of moving filter window along signal data,a data structure is desinged,which can make the new input element to cover output element and greatly reduce the quantity of computation.A 2-dimensional fast median filtering method by moving filter window along snack path is also introduced.     

Influence of fertilisation and harvest time on fuel quality of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) in central Italy

The perennial grass giant reed (Arundo donax L.) has been proposed as a promising biomass energy crop in southern Europe. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two fertilisation levels (F = 200–80–200 N–P–K kg ha^?1; UF = 0–0–0 N–P–K kg ha^?1) and two harvest times (A: autumn, W: winter) on the biomass quality of giant reed as a solid fuel for combustion. Different aged crops grown in central Italy (latitude 43°40′N, and longitude10°19′E) in the period of 1996–2005 were collected and analysed. Our results confirmed that giant reed biomass is characterized by a high content of ash and silicon. Giant reed showed an increase in ash content from F to UF and from A to W. The production of biomass from fertilised crops harvested in the autumn may thus be a good method for reducing the ash content by about 20%. The results also showed an improvement in biomass combustion quality in 10-year-old crops due to a lower ash content and higher SiO₂/K₂O and CaO/K₂O ratios, which could contribute to a lower slagging tendency. This research should help to improve our knowledge of the chemical composition of giant reed and presents possible agronomic strategies to combine a high biomass yield with good combustion quality.     

Application of Digital Correlation Filtering in Rotor-balance Measuring Theory

Based on the introduction to the rotor-balance-measuring theory of digital correlation filtering.The amplitude value and phase of sine wave are picked-up by Matlab software in noise.It is realized in magneto balance-measuring system by using single-chip computer and this paper gives a concrete means.The calculations show that the digital correlation filtering has highly precision and strong ability of.It can apply in all kinds of rotors' balance-measuring.     

Image denoising based on adaptive graph regularization

Adaptive regularization can select different parameters based on the features of local areas in an image, which can differentiate the edges and noise in an image flexibly. An adaptive graph regularization is proposed based on graph spectral theory and adaptive regularization, which uses the Non local means to generate the weighting function of graph. The adaptive graph regularization equation is used to filter the noisy image. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively remove the noise and is superior to other graph theory based partial differential equation methods.     

Application of Electret Microphone in the Heart Sound Acquisition

Heart sound is a faint signal which is difficult to be acquired. This paper presents the methods for the heart sound acquisition used electret microphone,including the heart sound extraction project, principle, rules and the impedance conversion of microphone. In order to acquire the useful heart sound, the microphone is shielded by a special device. The clinical experiments have indicated that the first and second heart sound can be almost acquired by the microphone, but it is difficult for the third and fourth , which are affected by sex and bodily form.     

State of charge estimation of lithium iron phosphate batteriesbased on adaptive Kalman filters

The Kalman filter algorithm can be used to estimate the state of charge (SOC) of power batteries, however, it easily causes divergence due to uncertain of system noise and its estimation performance is affected by model. An adaptive Kalman filter algorithm is adopted to dynamically estimate SOC of lithium iron phosphate batteries for application in electric vehicles. At first, an equivalent circuit model, appropriate for SOC estimation is built after studying battery models. Then some charging and discharging experiments are carried out for parameter identification and the results are verified. At last, the adaptive Kalman filter algorithm is used on this model for on-line SOC estimation under unknown interfering noise. Simulation results show that adaptive Kalman filter method can correct SOC estimation error caused by tiny model error online, and the estimate accuracy is higher than Kalman filter method. Adaptive Kalman filter algorithm can also correct the initial error. Full-cycle test in electric vehicles proves that the algorithm is appropriate for SOC estimation of lithium iron phosphate battery.     

海南硅高效水稻的筛选及硅吸收特征

为了深入研究水稻硅营养机理,通过盆栽和小区试验在施硅（低硅）和不施用硅（缺硅）条件下,比较了25个海南主要栽培水稻品种产量的变化,筛选出了硅高效水稻,并探讨了施用硅对水稻产量构成、硅吸收特点的影响。结果表明：产量或稻草干重可以作为筛选的指标,得到10个硅高效水稻品种（系）,其中不耐低硅的4个,耐低硅的6个;施用硅肥对不同品种的成穗数、穗粒数和千粒重的影响不尽相同;施用硅肥对水稻的株高影响在多数品种间并不显著,提高了3个品种株高;谷壳中的硅含量在不同的品种间差异显著;在不施用硅的条件下稻草硅的含量没有显著差异,不过施用硅后硅高效品种更能显著提高稻草硅含量;施用硅后硅高效品种稻米硅的含量比硅不敏感品种的增加的更快,其中耐低硅的硅高效水稻施用硅后提高更显著。硅高效水稻地上部分各器官硅含量能敏感地响应硅的变化,不过产量构成对硅的响应特征不尽相同。     

频域滤波的水泥路面图像降噪增强方法

针对在水泥路面裂缝图像识别中刻槽和纵向条带状形成的噪声干扰,提出了一种基于频域滤波的降噪增强方法。首先,分析了这两类噪声的频谱特征,并根据空域图像中刻槽的周期性,推导了频域图像中刻槽谱峰的位置,设计了消除这些谱峰的系列滤波器。根据纵向条带状干扰属于低频成分的特性,设计了抑制低频、增强高频的滤波器,经优化滤波器参数达到消除这类干扰的效果。实验结果表明,该方法能够消除两类噪声干扰,同时,增强了裂缝的对比度,为水泥路面裂缝识别提供了理论基础。     

FAST ADAPTIVE FILTERING ( FAF ) FOR THE PROCESS DETECTION CONTROL SYSTEMS

The limitation of LMS adaptive noise cancelling (ANC ) is analyzed here. Based on the discussing of general signal and noise model of process detection control system, a fast adaptive filtering(FAF) is proposed on the basis of modelling the correlativity between the noise and it's correlative noise with the view of large noise. Fast transversal filtering ( FTF ) adaptive, algorithms is used to imitate the correlative modelling. Both simulation and experiments show that the method presented in this paper is suitable for the process detection control system , and it exhibts better results than the LMS noise cancelling method.     

基于多重滤波的高分辨率影像中线性特征提取

在高分辨率遥感影像中,线性特征提取一直是个难题,难主要表现在线性地物的边缘信息和噪音是一对矛盾体,边缘信息越明显,噪音就越强。本文利用高通滤波和统计滤波器,构建一个多重滤波,对IKONOS影像进行处理,通过三种不同高通滤波窗口对IKONOS影像处理结果的比对,得到一个较好的高通滤波处理窗口,处理后的IKONOS影像边界特征突出、区域模糊程度减小,目标地物大致轮廓已经区分出来,在此基础上对影像进行统计滤波处理,噪音明显减少,灰度分布更加集中和平滑,对高通滤波和统计滤波处理后的图像进行边缘检测,经过统计滤波后的图像较只进行高通滤波后的图像检测结果较好。实验结果表明：滤波后的影像噪音明显降低,信噪比明显提高,统计滤波后的影像,能够提高检测精度,表明了从高分辨率卫星影像上自动提取矢量信息的可行性,并为边缘检测的细化与跟踪处理提供了可靠的数据来源。