Indirect Regulation Pricing Methods of Public Utility

The author analyses the advantages and disadvantages of common indirect regulation pricing methods of public utility goods. It is pointed out that it results in high trade-cost and A-J effect binging in an excess of investment when capital yield method be used. It is not reasonable enough in setting PRI-X of PRI-X pricing method. An integrated indirect regulation pricing method is put forward which is to form a two-tier incentive mechanics both in expanding producing ability and improving efficiency. In initial stages of new public project, capital yield method should be used in order to activate investment motive. Upper-limit pricing method should be used in anaphase in order to improve the producing efficiency.     

Effectiveness of Energy use in Public Area of Buildings

The flow of people changes very greatly in the public areas of public buildings, so the energy demand should also change with the flow of people. However, under the traditional model, the pedestrian flow is rarely considered when accounting energy output, which causes some of the energy invalid. How to assess the energy efficiency to reduce energy waste is an emergent problem to be solved for building energy conservation. The concept of energy utilization efficiency is put forward to judge the degree of utilization of energy, and the formula for calculating energy utilization efficiency is also provided. In a hospital public waiting area, a lot of experiments have been carried out. By comparing the energy consumption before and after the experiments, it is found that energy utilization efficiency can assess the effectiveness of energy. And to improve the energy efficiency of buildings greatly in public areas can be realized by promoting the energy utilization efficiency.     

套袋对白水县苹果质量及效益的影响

白水县是陕西苹果的最佳优生区,套袋苹果已占苹果生产总量的65.54%,是无公害苹果生产的关键技术之一,研究套袋技术对苹果生产具有重要的指导意义。项目对白水县苹果套袋情况进行了系统的调查,并就生产中三种果袋对苹果外观质量、内在质量、果实黑点病发生情况、效益等进行了研究。研究结果表明：目前生产中应用较多的仍然是双层双色纸袋和单层双色劣质纸袋,果实套袋能显著提高果实光洁度、着色度、果实外观鲜艳,降低VC含量,增加黑点病发病率,其中套双层三色优质纸袋苹果黑点病发病率轻,为5.2%,而套单层双色劣质纸袋重,高达47.7%,套袋能显著提高苹果生产的经济效益     

调制过程中烤烟烟叶色素降解及其调控措施研究进展

调制过程中烤烟色素的降解程度对烟叶品质有决定性的影响.从调制过程中色素的降解机制、色素含量的变化及其调控措施等方面综述了国内外关于色素方面的研究进展,旨在系统探讨调制过程中色素降解机理,分析色素降解与烟叶内部细胞变化之间的关系,为合理调控色素含量提供新的思路,为烤烟生产提供理论依据.     

盆栽康乃馨切花生长发育综合调控

本研究为调控盆栽康乃馨切花的生长发育,提高观赏品质,采用温度、光照、植物生长调节剂和摘心等方法对盆栽康乃馨切花生长发育进行综合调控。结果表明:摘心起到很好的矮化作用,伸长量明显降低,同时分枝数增多、花期推后,开花期与对照相比,一次摘心的推后25 d,二次摘心的推后40 d;在光照培养箱中培养的盆栽康乃馨生长健壮,并延长花期7 d;100 mg/L的矮壮素处理的康乃馨植株伸长量明显降低,植株矮化,长势健壮;5 mg/L、10 mg/L、30 mg/L的B9以及30 mg/L、50mg/L矮壮素处理的植株叶长不同程度的缩短;5 mg/L的B9以及30 mg/L、70 mg/L、100mg/L的矮壮素处理的植株叶宽不同程度的增加,70 mg/L的矮壮素对叶宽的影响比对照(p<0.05)具有显著的差异;不同浓度的B9和矮壮素处理对开花期有不同程度的推后作用,花期延长,不同浓度B9处理的比对照花期平均延长4.5 d,不同浓度矮壮素处理的平均延长6.5 d。上述研究结果为盆栽康乃馨切花的生产和品质提升提供理论参考。     

不同直播方式对晚稻生长发育特性及产量的影响

为探究不同直播方式对晚稻生长特性及产量形成的影响,以杂交稻五丰优T025和常规稻黄华占为试验材料,比较湿润直播和旱直播水稻秧苗素质、出苗率、茎蘖动态、干物质积累总量和产量及其构成的差异。结果表明,与旱直播相比,湿润直播提高水稻产量,增幅达6.4%~24.1%,其中五丰优T025差异达显著水平,产量提高主要与有效穗数显著增加有关。从生长发育特性来看,湿润直播有利于增加秧苗株高,维持较好的秧苗素质;同时,还有利于提高植株茎蘖成穗、生育中后期叶面积指数与植株干物质积累量,为水稻增产奠定了基础。总体来说,在南方双季稻区采用湿润直播方式有利于晚稻生长发育及提高产量。     

生态系统健康对公众健康的影响

生态系统健康(Ecosystem Health)是近十余年来国际学术界出现的一个新的研究领域，近几年来由于生态环境恶化，使生态系统不能够提供正常的生态服务功能，生态系统健康问题引起了人们的普遍关注。生态系统健康是指系统具有活力、稳定和自我调节能力。生态系统健康与否将对公众健康造成直接影响。笔者介绍了生态系统健康的内涵、评价方法和指标、生态服务功能，分析了生态系统健康与公众健康的关系。     

参与式发展研究方法在村级发展规划中的应用 ——以保定市两渔村为例

参与式发展研究是农村发展工作者与农民一起共同分析现状、共同制定和执行发展规划的一种研究方法。运用参与式方法制定的发展方案能够充分体现农民的意愿和想法，使农民在实施中具有很高的积极性，保证方案实施的可持续。采用参与式发展研究方法，按照“参与”、“互动”、“讨论”、“研究”的原则，提出了近期两渔村村级发展规划。     

脱落酸调节长春花中单萜吲哚生物碱的生物合成

利用病毒诱导的基因沉默技术沉默长春花幼苗中ABA生物合成途径基因八氢番茄红素脱氢酶(Cr PDS)的表达,控制内源ABA的含量,并对其进行外源ABA处理,从而研究脱落酸(abscisic acid, ABA)对长春花中单萜吲哚生物碱(monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, MIAs)生物合成的影响。Real-time PCR结果显示,在ABA处理后,单萜吲哚生物碱生物合成基因CrTDC、CrNMT和CrD4H表达量显著上升。进一步实验表明,ABA生物合成途径基因CrPDS的沉默能够降低内源ABA水平,并通过下调单萜吲哚生物碱生物合成途径基因降低长春质碱和文朵灵的积累。外源ABA处理能够恢复这些基因的正常表达,由此确定单萜吲哚生物碱生物合成基因CrTDC、CrNMT和CrD4H能够响应ABA信号,并且在ABA介导的长春花单萜吲哚生物碱生物合成调控中发挥重要作用。     

Pricing Methodology of the New Issue of Public Offerings in Shanghai Stock Market

Based on the efficiency market theory, considering the relationship between A share prices in Shanghai stock market and factors such as earnings per share, net asset value per share, industry price/earning ratios, this paper builds the multiple regression model between the opening A share prices at the time point of March 1st,2001 and their corresponding financial indexes. Then, according to the fact that the net asset value per share after the new issue will change in the same rate with the issuing prices, this paper calculates the relationship between them and gives out the new issue pricing model which considers 5 factors, including such factors as the A share composite indexes in shanghai stock market. This model is very meaningful and compensates the deficiency of the traditional pricing methodology which considers only the P/E ratios.     

New Study on the Administrative Litigation of Public Environmental Welfare

The establishment of the administrative litigation of public environmental welfare is a great necessity.It benefits to make up the limitation of traditional chain of command,to ensure the environmental right of citizen and to accommodate the need of international environment protection.The administrative litigation of public environmental welfare is that the plaintiff including the people's Procuratorate,citizen,corporation and other organizations can sue administrative organ who harms or will harm the environment. China may establish its own administrative litigation public environmental welfare through the following creative construction system,such as exerting the function of the people's Procuratorate,proper setting of lawsuit domination,increasing new kinds of judgment,etc.     

土壤容重对高产玉米根系生长的影响及调控研究

不同土壤容重不同,其稳定性也不同。土壤容重的变化会引起土壤调节水、气、热能力的变化,提高土壤的自动调节能力可以使土壤肥力水平得以提高并满足植物对生长因子的持续需求。为研究土壤物理性质对玉米高产稳产的影响机理,以耕地棕壤为试验材料,采用盆栽方法,研究不同容重对玉米根系生长指标的影响,并进一步研究了施用不同有机肥量及模拟不同耕作深度对玉米根系生长的调控效果。结果表明:在设计容重范围内,容重增加,根系生长指标都表现为下降,容重大于1.2 g/m3时,不同处理根系生长指标差异显著;当容重大于1.3 g/cm3时,不同处理根系活力差异显著。施用有机肥对高容重土壤调控效果更好,有机质含量为4%与5%的处理差异减小,低容重土壤在所设计的有机质水平内调控效果也都较好。耕层厚度增加可以提高根系生长参数,但与对照相比,差异不显著。所以,对于紧实结构性较差的土壤,改善其调节能力应该通过增施有机肥的方法,紧实结构较好的土壤考虑使用耕翻的办法。     

不同覆盖方式对冬闲稻田马铃薯生长及产量的影响

在冬闲稻田里以中薯3号为试验材料，进行了稻草覆盖、摆播稻草+地膜覆盖、沟播稻草+地膜覆盖、地膜覆盖、敞土等不同覆盖方式栽培马铃薯的田间比较试验。结果表明：冬闲稻田地膜覆盖栽培的马铃薯出苗最早，地膜覆盖和沟播稻草+地膜覆盖栽培的马铃薯出苗率最高；敞土栽培的马铃薯植株的株高显著低于覆盖栽培；摆播或沟播稻草+地膜覆盖栽培马铃薯的产量和商品薯率最高，稻草覆盖栽培和地膜覆盖栽培次之，产量和商品薯率显著高于敞土栽培；摆播或沟播稻草+地膜覆盖栽培马铃薯的效益最高，地膜覆盖和稻草覆盖栽培马铃薯的效益次之，敞土栽培马铃薯的效益最低。     

乡镇政府网站主客观综合评价指标体系及方法研究

基于对乡镇政府网站和城市政府网站的区别总结,分析了乡镇政府网站评估和研究其评估体系的必要性,建立了适用于乡镇政府网站的主客观相结合的评估指标体系。同时应用层次分析法获得各指标的权重,详细列出了各指标的评估要点和计算方法,初步提出了完整的乡镇政府网站的评估模型。     

省级重点实验室筹建策略探讨 ——以河北省作物生长调控重点实验室建设为例

以河北农业大学建设河北省作物生长调控重点实验室的过程为例，论述了高等农业院校在省部级重点实验室建设过程中的缘起、发展和确立，并就实验室建设过程中遇到的相关问题进行了初步分析，提出在资源稀缺条件下建设服务三农和适应市场经济发展的省级重点实验室的思路和策略     

马铃薯块茎休眠及萌发过程中几种酶活性变化

以马铃薯脱毒试管薯为试验材料，研究块茎休眠和块茎顶芽萌发生长过程中几种相关酶活性变化。结果表明，块茎贮藏过程中淀粉酶、淀粉磷酸化酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性的消长，与块茎形态上的休眠及萌发有密切关系。处于休眠期间的块茎内淀粉酶和淀粉磷酸化酶活性很低，随着休眠的解除及顶芽萌动活性逐渐增强，当顶芽开始生长时活性再镒降低；过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶在块茎休眠时活性较高，顶芽萌动后活性迅速下降；不同品种间这四种酶的变化趋势基本相同。     

对县级科普工作力度的探讨

加大科普工作力度是落实科学发展观、全面建设小康社会的必然要求,是提高全民科学素质的首要任务。针对当前科普工作现状,列举了科普工作三个方面问题：体制健全,职能弱化;科普经费不足,工作手段简单;科协自自身发展有限。提出了科普工作四个方面的思路：加大宣传力度,营造科普工作的良好氛围;加大工作力度,提高科普工作在社会上的影响力;深化科普工作的形式,提高公民的科学文化素质;建立科普工作长效机制。     

Experimental Research on the Behavior of Direct Anchoring Beam-wider-than-wall Joint

Based on the elastic finite element analysis of the RC beam-wider-than-wall joint, two large-scale specimens of the direct anchoring beam-wider-than-wall joint are designed to test the joint behavior. The stresses and slips of longitudinal bars in the beam, load-bearing capacity and destruction form are observed and analyzed. The analysis and test results show that: The wide beam should be extended through into the wall for some length to make the flexural stress uniform along beam section width, thus the beam's bearing capacity can be achieved. The anchorage condition of the upper longitudinal bar in the beam outside the wall's width is poor, thus the anchorage length prescribed in the current CODE is not enough to ensure the bearing capacity and ductility of joints. The beam stirrups are very important to the anchorage of the upper longitudinal bar in the beam outside the wall's width. If the quantity of the beam stirrups is not enough, the wide beam in the joint area would have more cracks which decrease the bearing capacity and ductility of joints. Finally, a novel spatial truss mechanism model for the beam-wider-than-wall joint is put forward.     

赭曲霉毒素A检测方法的研究进展

赭曲霉毒素A是由曲霉属和青霉属菌株产生的一种有毒真菌次级代谢产物。毒理学研究表明,赭曲霉毒素A具有很强的肝脏毒性和肾脏毒性,并有致畸、致突变和致癌作用。赭曲霉毒素A广泛存在于谷物及谷物产品、香料和咖啡豆等产品中,严重危害人类健康。许多国家建立了赭曲霉毒素A的限量标准,因此有必要研究准确、灵敏的赭曲霉毒素A的检测方法。综述了赭曲霉毒素A的理化性质及其检测分析方法的研究进展。     

三角褐指藻细胞破碎方法的研究

三角褐指藻是一种含有较高多不饱和脂肪酸的海洋单胞藻。为了从细胞中提取不饱和脂肪酸,采用反复冻融法、超声波破碎法和匀浆法分别对三角褐指藻细胞进行破碎,并测定油脂提取率。结果表明,超声波破碎法、反复冻融法和匀浆法的最大细胞破碎率分别为91.5%,56.7%和81.2%;油脂提取率分别为18.1%,13%和13.4%。从操作的简捷性和经济效益来看,超声波破碎法优于反复冻融法和匀浆法。