早熟水稻新品种龙粳27号的特征特性及栽培技术要点

龙粳27号是由黑龙江省农业科学院水稻研究所育成的早熟高产抗病耐寒水稻新品种,2009年1月通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定。本文介绍了龙粳27号的选育经过、产量表现、特征特性及栽培要点。     

水稻新品种龙粳34选育报告

龙粳34是以垦稻8号为母本,龙粳13为父本有性杂交,经系谱法选育而成的水稻新品种,具有高产、优质、抗病、耐冷、分蘖力强、抗倒伏等优良特性,2012年1月通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定推广。     

早熟水稻新品种龙粳24号的特征特性及栽培技术要点

龙粳24号是由黑龙江省农业科学院水稻研究所育成的早熟高产抗病耐寒水稻新品种,2008年2月通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定。本文介绍了龙粳24号的选育经过、产量表现、特征特性及栽培要点。     

寒地水稻核心种质绥粳3号的创新与利用

绥粳3号是黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院1990年从农垦水稻所引入藤系138为母本、以垦87-239为父本进行杂交,经系普法选育而成。并先后以龙粳10、上育397、垦稻10为母本,绥粳3号为父本育成了绥粳8、9、10、11、12、13号等水稻新品种,其表现为高产、优质、抗病性好、适宜性广等特点。     

寒地优质水稻新品种龙粳1491的选育

寒地优质水稻新品种龙粳1491是黑龙江省农业科学院水稻研究所和佳木斯龙粳种业有限公司以空育131为母本、龙交04-109为父本杂交,通过系谱法选育而成,2019年通过黑龙江省审定.总结介绍了龙粳1491的选育经过、特征特性、产量表现及栽培技术要点等.     

水稻新品种龙粳4298的选育

龙粳4298是黑龙江省农业科学院水稻研究所和佳木斯龙粳种业有限公司利用龙糯2号作母本、空育131作父本,通过有性杂交,历时14 a选育而成的水稻新品种。于2019年通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种具有早熟、高产、抗病、抗冷、适应性广等特点,适宜黑龙江省第四积温带种植。     

优质水稻新品种龙粳12号特征特性及栽培技术

龙粳12号是黑龙江省农科院水稻研究所于1996年从藤系137／龙花84—106组合的花培后代中选择出来的变异植株,2003年3月通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定。龙粳12号为大穗大粒型水稻新品种,具有早熟、优质、丰产、抗稻瘟病、抗倒等特性,适宜黑龙江省第三积温带种植,其米粒偏长,外观品质优良。     

水稻新品种龙粳69的选育及特征特性

龙粳69是黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯水稻研究所、佳木斯龙粳种业有限公司于2008年以龙粳2号为母本,以通系112为父本杂交,系谱法选育而成的水稻新品种。该品种早熟、优质、高产、整精米率高、抗冷性中等、分蘖力中等,适应黑龙江省第四积温带种植。2018年4月通过审定,生产上可以根据品种的特征特性及栽培条件要求,适时调控,创造高产。总结介绍了龙粳69适时播种培育壮秧、科学水肥管理、病虫草害防治等栽培技术要点。     

水稻新品种龙粳34及高产栽培技术

龙粳34是黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯水稻研究所2001年以高产、优质的垦稻8号为母本,抗病、耐冷、优质、早熟的龙粳13为父本有性杂交,经温室加代和系谱法,培育出的集高产、优质、抗病、耐冷于一体的早粳新品种,代号为龙交04-908。2005-2006年所内进行产量鉴定,同时进行品质、抗病性、耐冷性等特性鉴定试验,表现高产、优质、抗稻瘟病、耐冷性强、秆强抗倒;2007年参加黑龙江省第二积温带下限预备试验;     

寒地粳稻品种龙粳35的特征特性及栽培技术

龙粳35系由黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯水稻研究所、黑龙江省龙粳高科有限责任公司和黑龙江省龙科种业集团有限公司共同育成,具有早熟、高产、优质、抗病、耐冷等特点,2012年通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定。本文介绍了龙粳35的选育经过、产量表现、特征特性及栽培技术要点。     

Milling,functional and thermo-mechanical properties of wheat,rye, triticale,barley and oat

The milling potential of hulled barley, hulled oat, triticale, rye and wheat was studied using a long tempering process and a laboratory four-roller mill. Regardless of the investigated cereal, the results indicated a significant influence (p < 0.05) of volume per surface area ratio on the milling yield and ash contents of the flour. The lowest milling yield was obtained in case of hulled oat. Solvent retention capacity profiles were determined for all investigated whole cereals and flours for predicting the contribution of different polymers to the functionality of samples. For all solvents higher values were obtained for the whole cereals compared to the corresponding flour. Thermo-mechanical properties of the whole cereals and refined flours were also investigated. If in case of wheat the gluten proteins play an essential role on dough behaviour during kneading at 30 °C, in case of triticale, rye, hulled barley and hulled oat, the fibers play a major role as well. Thermo-mechanical properties of starch registered a large variation between cereals and/or flours. The lowest torque value corresponding to starch gelatinization (C3) was registered in case of the hulled oat flour, 1.92 Nm, while the highest value in case of rye flour, 2.65 Nm.     

WTO与茶叶--法治、创新、流通、标准、茶协

本文从以法治茶;科技创新,以新品种、新技术、新机械设备,促使茶产品"升级换代;搞活流通;建立"茶市场",规范管理;实施标准,创立名牌;发挥协会、学会、商会的作用.由政府牵头,调动官、企、产、学、研各方面力量,建设浙茶为现代化、产业化的强省,为"入世"作好积极的准备.     

Ester and ether linkages between hydroxycinnamic acids and lignins from wheat,rice, rye,and barley straws,maize stems,and fast-growing poplar wood

Treatment of solvent extracted wheat, rice, rye, and barley straws, maize stems, and fast-growing poplar wood with 60% aqueous ethanol in 0.2 M HCl at 75 °C for 3 h released 51.8, 51.2, 47.2, 43.7, 54.0, and 16.7% of the original lignin, and 44.3, 50.3, 30.9, 36.1, 40.0, and 25.5% of the original hemicelluloses, respectively. It was found that the bulk of p-coumaric acid (PCA) (67.0–83.5%) was esterified at the lignin side chains, while ferulic acid (FA) is linked to lignin side chains through both ether bonds (51.6–68.3%) and ester bonds (31.7–48.4%), indicating that FA may form intra- and/or inter-molecular ester–ether bridges between lignin fragments, which is first proposed in this study. In addition to p-hydroxybenzoic acid esterified to lignins in the cell walls of wheat straw and fast-growing poplar wood, a small portion of ether-linked p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the lignin preparations, obtained from rice, rye, and barley straws and maize stems, was also detected. It was also detected that noticeable amounts of syringic and vanillic acids were predominantly esterified to the lignin molecules in the cell walls of the materials studied.     

Fucanomics and galactanomics: marine distribution, medicinal impact, conceptions, and challenges

Glycomics turned out to be a very extensive project where its subdivision is consequently emerging. This is seen by the growing number of terminologies used to define subprojects concerning particular classes of bioactive carbohydrates. Sulfated fucans (SFs) and sulfated galactans (SGs) are relatively new classes of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) that occur mostly in marine organisms, and exhibit a broad range of medicinal effects. Their structures are taxonomically dependent, and their therapeutic actions include benefits in inflammation, coagulation, thrombosis, angiogenesis, cancer, oxidation, and infections. Some red algae, marine angiosperm and invertebrates express SPs of unique structures composed of regular repeating oligomeric units of well-defined sulfation patterns. This fine pattern of structural regularity is quite rare among any naturally occurring long SPs, and enables accurate structure-biofunction correlations. Seeing that, fucanomics and galactanomics may comprise distinguished glycomics subprojects. We hereby discuss the relevance that justifies the international recognition of these subprojects in the current glycomics age associated with the beneficial outcomes that these glycans may offer in drug development.     

Phytosterol,Squalene, Tocopherol Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Selected Seeds,Grains, and Legumes

The unsaponifiable lipid fraction of plant-based foods is a potential source of bioactive components such as phytosterols, squalene, and tocopherols. The objective of the present study was to determine the levels of phytosterols, and squalene, as well as tocopherols (α and β + γ) in selected grains, seeds, and legumes. The method comprised acid hydrolysis and lipid extraction followed by alkaline saponification, prior to analysis by HPLC. In addition, the fatty acid profile of the foods was determined via total lipid extraction, fatty acid derivitisation and GC analysis. In general, β-sitosterol was the most prevalent phytosterol, ranging in concentration from 24.9 mg/100 g in pumpkin seed to 191.4 mg/100 g in peas. Squalene identified in all foods examined in this study, was particularly abundant in pumpkin seed (89.0 mg/100 g). The sum of α- and β+ γ-tocopherols ranged from 0.1 mg/100 g in rye to 15.9 mg/100 g in pumpkin seeds. Total oil content ranged from 0.9% (w/w) in butter beans to 42.3% (w/w) in pumpkin seed and the type of fat, in all foods examined, was predominantly unsaturated. In conclusion, seeds, grains, and legumes are a rich natural source of phytosterols. Additionally, they contain noticeable amounts of squalene and tocopherols, and in general, their fatty acid profile is favorable.     

Plant population,planting date,and germplasm effects on guayule latex,rubber, and resin yields

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a perennial shrub native to the Chihuahuan Desert. While guayule traditionally has been cultivated for rubber, more recently it is being cultivated for its hypoallergenic latex. Other uses including termite resistant wood products and an energy source have also been identified. However, the effects of various agronomic practices, such as planting and harvesting dates, plant spacing, cutting height and frequency, irrigation frequency, and herbicide application, on latex concentration and yield of newly developed germplasm have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to determine the yield and concentration of latex, rubber, and resin of four guayule lines planted at two populations and two planting dates. Four guayule lines (AZ-1, AZ-3, AZ-5, and 11591) were transplanted at two dates (28 November 2000 and 7 June 2001) and two plant populations (27,000 and 54,000 plants ha^?1). Treatments were replicated four times. Each treatment plot was subdivided into six subplots for harvesting at 6-month intervals beginning 1 year after transplanting. Results showed that transplanting date did not affect plant size or latex concentration or yield consistently. Instead, it appeared that the time of harvest (fall vs. spring) was more important. The sixth (last harvest) in the fall planting date and the fifth harvest date in the spring planting date were the optimum for plant biomass and latex, rubber, and resin concentrations and yields. The lines AZ-1 and AZ-3 were larger, whereas AZ-5 had higher latex and rubber concentrations than the control, 11591. The greater plant population (54,000 plants ha^?1) had higher biomass, rubber, and resin yields than the lower population (27,000 plants ha^?1) at the early harvest dates, but not at the later harvest dates (5 and 6). More studies must to be conducted to determine the optimum plant population and transplanting date for other newly developed guayule germplasm lines.     

氮磷钾肥对稻米铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响

 采用田间试验，在四川省西昌市用两个水稻品种研究了氮、磷、钾肥施用量对稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响。结果表明，稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量均随着施氮量增加先上升后下降，滇屯502的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量都以施用90 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高；而合系39的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙的含量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用270 kg/hm2 N最高，说明供试籼型品种滇屯502对氮肥的敏感性较粳型品种合系39强；磷肥明显降低了稻米中铁、铜、锰、钙的含量和产量，适量增施磷肥有利于增加稻米中镁的含量和产量；适量施用钾肥有利于提高稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰含量和产量，两供试品种铁、锌、铜、锰含量均以90 kg/hm2 K2O时最高，而钾肥明显降低了稻米中镁、钙的含量和产量。     

Temperature,cyanide, and oxygen effects on the respiration,chip color,sugars, and organic acids of stored tubers

The possibility that sugar accumulation of potatoes stored at low temperatures may be linked to activation of cyanide-resistant respiration (CRR) was investigated. After a lag period of several days, continuous HCN treatment stimulated CO₂ production of tubers stored in 20% O₂. At 1°C in 20% O₂, HCN treatment increased respiration over that effected by low temperature treatment. After several weeks of treatment, cyanide-stimulated CO₂ production was greater at 1°C than at 10°C. Sucrose and malate levels of HCN treated tubers were sometimes higher than those of the 10°C control tubers, but they were always lower than those of the 1°C control tubers. This indicated that CRR alone could not account for the sugar increases at 1°C. Storage in 2% O₂ blocked the increase in CO₂ production and changes in constituents associated with HCN treatments in 20% O₂. HCN treatment had no significant effect on chip color. The level of CRR was measured in freshly cut slices from Monona, Norchip, and Kennebec tubers previously stored at 10°, 5°, or 1°C for several months. Slices from tubers previously stored at 1°C had increased CRR, but there was no difference in CRR between the 5°C and 10°C treatments. Sugars accumulated at 5°C, again indicating that sugar accumulation in potatoes stored at low temperatures was at least partially independent of the activation of CRR.