滨州市林地使用权流转的调查

对滨州市林地使用权流转情况进行地深入调查，从林地使用权流转的主要形式与做法、林地界定、林地使用权流转效果等方面进行了总结介绍与分析。对林地使用权流转中存在的林地使用权和林木价值评估、流转监督管理、再次流转管理、转让资金使用管理等问题进行了思考，提出了建议。     

浙江集体林地使用权流转的调查研究

在社会主义市场经济条件下,林地使用权流转成为必然。本文在介绍了浙江集体林地使用权流转现状的基础上,分析了制约集体林地使用权流转的主要因素,并提出推进林地使用权流转的对策。     

关于万州区森林、林木、林地使用权流转问题与对策

《中共中央、国务院关于加快林业发展的决定》指出：“加快推进森林、林木、林地使用权的合理流转”，也为深化林业体制改革，增强林业发展活力提出了新的要求，对扭转当前森林、林木、林地使用权流转不畅、管理无序状态指明了方向。本文结合当前森林、林木、林地使用权流转现状、制约因素进行了调查分析，提出推进森林、林木、林地使用权的合理流转初浅建议与对策，以为抛砖引玉，供参考。     

集体林地使用权流转的利益相关者博弈分析

分析了集体林地使用权流转过程中各利益相关者的博弈关系,基于经典博弈理论构建了林管部门、村干部、农户3方动态博弈模型对其博弈关系加以分析,研究结果表明:林地使用权流转的最优均衡解为林管部门鼓励林地使用权流转,村干部积极配合流转,农户积极参与流转.集体林地使用权流转是林管部门、村集体、流转农户等多元利益主体问利益关系动态博弈的过程;为激励和促进林地使用权流转,需建立公平有效的流转利益分配及奖惩机制,进一步深化林权制度改革和完善配套改革,以及完善林地使用权流转服务体系.     

赣州市林地流转初探

随着非公有制林业的迅速发展，林地流转已日益成为林业建设中一个重要的问题。为积极推进林地使用权的合理流转，大力发展现代化林业市场经济，根据当地的实际情况，对赣州市林地流转中存在的问题及如何规范林地流转等进行了初步探讨。     

论林地承包经营中的法律问题

由于森林资源本身的生态效益大大高于其经济效益，关于森林资源的立法简单地将林地使用权等同承包经营权，导致实践中林地承包经营中存在着诸多问题难以解决，如何在立法价值和技术层面有效地解决林地使用权人与林地所有权人之间的冲突，更好地实现林地使用权人的收益权，发挥林地使用权人的积极性是实现林地资源可持续发展的关键所在。     

林地使用权流转制度改革探讨

论述了林地使用权流转的必要性,提出林地流转的对策。     

浅谈淳安县林地使用权的流转机制

通过考察淳安县林地使用权流转的变化与现状,总结目前林地使用权流转中存在的主要问题,研究林地使用权流转的政策法律依据出发,提出建立林地使用权流转机制的建议与措施,这对于盘活林地资产,按照市场经济规律进行运作林地,提高林地利用率,增加林地产出能力,发动全社会办林业,促进林业持续快速健康发展,都具有重要的意义。建立林地使用权流转制度,也有利于加速林业规模经营、集约经营的进度,促进林业生产要素之间的合理组合,使林地向有资金、技术力量强的单位或个人转移,以加速森林资源的培育,发展培育定向速生商品林和高效经济林基地。     

集体林区林地使用权流转模式、动机与路径选择——基于湖南省一个县的实证调查

南方集体林权制度改革使南方集体林区呈现出以分户经营为主体的基本格局,在明晰经营主体林业产权的前提下,通过合理有序的林地使用权流转,实现林业规模经营已成必然趋势.本文以湖南省L县案例为中心.运用参与式农村调查和问卷调查的方法,在概述不同林地使用权流转类型的运行模式和流转意愿的基础上,分析林地使用权流转的动机,指出林地使用权流转形式的路径选择.     

论森林、林木、林地使用权流转的法律依据

根据我国新《森林法》规范,以及森林资源保护的实践,论述了依法规范森林、林木、林地使用权流转的意义、对象及规范、流转的标的和方式。指出,森林法在我国法制史上首次规范了森林、林木、林地使用权流转,是森林资源使用权流转的法律依据,必将有力促进林业改革和森林资源保护工作     

Assessing the role of U.S. timberland assets in a mixed portfolio under the mean-conditional value at risk framework

This study examines the role of U.S. timberland assets in a mixed portfolio from the risk perspective. Under the mean-conditional value at risk (M-CVaR) optimization framework, the efficient frontier of the mixed portfolio is dramatically improved after adding timberland assets in comparison of the mean-variance (M-V) efficient frontier. The asset allocation strategies formulated by the static and dynamic optimizations indicate that timberland assets maintain a significant allocation in the mixed portfolio. Moreover, risk decomposition is used to identify the risk sources under four different scenarios. It is found that large-cap stocks and small-cap stocks are generally risk intensifiers, whereas treasury bonds, treasury bills, and timberland assets are risk diversifiers.     

Adjustment of stock prices and volatility to changes in industrial timberland ownership

In the United States, the majority of publicly traded and vertically integrated forest firms with both manufacturing facilities and timberland holdings have either sold their timberlands to private investors, or converted their corporate structure into Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). In this study, timberland ownership changes between 1997 and 2010 were reviewed, and their impact on publicly traded forest products firms was assessed. Changes in industrial timberland ownership were organized into four groups: 24 large timberland sales by public forest firms; six jumbo timberland sales; seven announcements related to timber REIT conversions; and four land acquisitions by timber REITs. Event analysis and the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model were employed to evaluate event-induced abnormal returns and volatility. The review revealed that most vertically integrated forest firms in the United States had divested their timberlands between 1997 and 2010. Four timber REITs have been formed since 1998, and they own 15.5 million acres of timberlands at present. Timberland sales by forest firms and acquisitions by REITs generated negative abnormal returns, while conversions to REITs produced positive impacts. In most cases, these events also increased asset volatility. These findings help us understand the adjustment of stock returns and volatility due to past ownership changes, and may shed light on similar changes by privately held forest firms in the future.     

Disintegration of the U. S. Industrial Forest Estate: Dynamics,Trajectories, and Questions

In the past decade ownership of the corporate forestry sector in the USA has undergone remarkable transformation. Corporate consolidation, separation of processing capacity ownership from timberland ownership, and disinvestment from timberland ownership altogether have occurred rapidly and on a global scale. Vertically-integrated forest products companies, once the standard model for publically-traded corporations, have all but disappeared. A new class of timberland investors now dominates the timberland estate. These new owners can be viewed as the most recent manifestation of capital from the core seeking rent in the distant periphery. While in this respect they resemble their industrial forestry predecessors, they differ markedly with regard to landholding objectives, time horizons, management capacities and other characteristics. This transformation has created new challenges and opportunities for other forest owners and for rural communities. Many timber processing mills have closed, restricting markets for smallholder wood. While much former industrial timberland remains in industrial-style timber management, some has been subdivided for ‘highest and best use,’ and conservation buyers have assumed control of a few large blocks. Further fragmentation of the industrial forest estate is anticipated, presenting both challenges and opportunities to small-scale forest owners and rural communities. This paper outlines the dynamics of forest ownership restructuring, posits alternative future scenarios for small-scale forestry, and points to potentially useful future research.     

千岛湖地区森林土壤类型与可持续利用研究

对千岛湖地区森林土壤类型及其分布进行了调查,结果表明:森林土壤有3个土类、5个亚类、10个土属。分布以黄红壤为主,占86.8%;钙质紫砂土次之,占7.8%;侵蚀性红壤占2.7%;石灰岩土占2.5%;黄壤面积最小,仅占0.2%。研究了不同林分类型的土壤理化性质,认为不同湖区林场的天然林土壤养分差异较大,从整个地区角度看各种林型间土壤养分无差异性,但从每个林场单独分析,无论是天然林,还是人工林,阔叶林地养分明显高于针叶林和混交林地。因而,实施针叶林阔叶化改造,对千岛湖地区林地的持续发展,提高其水源涵养、保持水土、景观生态等效益是有益的。     

Forestland ownership changes in the United States and Sweden

This article examines the changing structure and ownership of the forest products industry in North America and the Nordic countries. The authors explore company-specific perspectives on why some private forest products companies divest themselves of timberland ownership and others do not. The focus is on the United States, where the forest products industry has divested itself of substantial amounts of timberland, and on Sweden, where divestitures have been smaller. In both the United States and Sweden, forest products industries are large and forestland ownership has traditionally been an important component of the portfolio of an integrated forest products firm. The analysis presented here is based in part on literature about the vertical integration of markets.     

关于山地有偿流转问题的思考

近年来，我国南方山区集体林区出现了山地使用权在山地使用者之间有偿流转的现象，山地使用权的有偿流转十分有利于山地的开发和利用，但目前，这种山地使用权的有偿流转还很不规范，流转中存在着各种各样的问题。本文在指出山地流转中存在的问题的基础上，从内外两方面剖析了产生这些问题的原因，并提出了相应的对策。     

长江三角洲地区森林资源可持续利用的法律保障

森林是陆地生态系统的主体,是经济社会发展不可替代的战略资源。长江三角洲地区森林资源分布极不均衡、结构不合理,在开发利用过程中存在着区域法规缺乏统一性、产权归属不清晰、流转机制不健全、林业执法监督体制滞后等问题。要实现该地区森林资源的可持续利用,就应该借鉴国内外的先进经验,建立该地区的法制协调机构,统一该地区的林业立法、执法活动,促进法规优化,强化森林开发利用各环节的法律保障措施。     

论湿地保护综合立法及其主要内容

湿地保护综合立法是指整合现有与湿地相关的法律规定，并制定地方资源法规、“一区一法”、全国性湿地保护条例和湿地保护法．维护湿地生态系统结构和功能的完整性。这种立法方式综合运用跨行政区域管理、跨部门管理和公众参与的方法，整合湿地保护和湿地利用、流域管理、水资源管理的关系，充分发挥行政机制和磋商机制的互动作用。     

中国自然保护区资源利用及其立法相关问题探讨

针对目前中国自然保护区资源利用及其相关立法中存在的问题,分析了自然保护区资源利用的必要性,提出了自然保护区资源的概念、内涵、特征、资源利用所遵循的科学原理和原则;给出了自然保护区资源利用的建议,包括不同类型自然保护区资源利用范围、收益的合理分配原则与监督机制,并从立法的角度提出了有关依法利用自然保护区资源应该重点明确和界定的主要内容。