Growth and productivity of potato as influenced by cultivar and reproductive growth: I. Stomatal conductance,rate of transpiration,net photosynthesis,and dry matter production and allocation

The effect of cultivar and reproductive growth on leaf gas exchange, water relations, dry matter production and allocation in potato was the subject of investigation. Debudded, flowering and fruiting plants of cultivars Al-624, Al-436, CIP-388453-3(A) and CIP-388453-3(B) were evaluated under field condition of a sub-humid tropical highland of Ethiopia during 2003. Cultivars exhibited differences with respect to leaf stomatal conductance, rate of transpiration and net photosynthesis rate. Cultivars Al-624 and CIP-388453-3(A) showed higher stomatal conductance and rate of leaf transpiration than CIP-388453-3(B) and Al-436. CIP-388453-3(A) exhibited higher net photosynthesis than Al-624 while Al-436 is intermediate. Fruiting plants had higher leaf stomatal conductance and higher rate of leaf transpiration and net photosynthesis. Fruit development promoted early plant maturity and without affecting total dry matter production it reduced the amount partitioned to the leaves, stems, and tubers. The experiment demonstrated that cultivar and fruit development influence on water relations, rate of net photosynthesis and source–sink interactions in the potato.     

叶面喷施植物生长调节剂对马铃薯产量及品质的影响

在大田栽培条件下,研究了在马铃薯块茎膨大期叶面喷施3种植物生长调节剂DTA-6、S3307、SODM对马铃薯产量、品质及根系 生理代谢的影响。结果表明,SODM、DTA-6和S3307处理的马铃薯产量分别比清水对照增加17.4 %、8.3 %和4.1 %;3个处理均降低了马 铃薯块茎还原糖含量。SODM处理提高了马铃薯块茎中淀粉、可溶性蛋白、蔗糖含量,S3307处理提高了可溶性蛋白含量。SODM处理可提 高马铃薯整个生育期的根系活力,DTA-6处理则对马铃薯块茎形成期的根系活力具有促进作用。综合分析得出,3种植物生长调节剂对 提高马铃薯产量、改善品质、有效调控根系的生理代谢均有一定的效果,但以SODM处理效果最好。     

不同水肥配比对加工型马铃薯产量与品质的影响

研究了水肥耦合效应对加工型马铃薯经济性状及品质的影响,结果表明,在最优化水肥处理（每1hm2灌水2520．00m3,施尿素457．50kg,磷酸二氢铵825．00kg,硫酸钾247．50kg）条件下,马铃薯植株株高、茎粗、地上部干质量、块茎质量、单株块茎质量和产量等性状上表现最优,且产品干物质含量最高,还原糖含量最低,维生素C含量最高,马铃薯的品质最佳,更利于对其加工的要求。     

不同播种方式对马铃薯产量与品质的影响

以马铃薯品种‘费乌瑞它’的脱毒种薯为材料,对种薯采用不同的播种方式（芽眼朝上和芽眼朝下）,研究其对马铃薯生长、产量与品质的影响。结果表明：马铃薯种薯播种深度10cm、以芽眼朝下的播种方式,马铃薯植株长势健壮,薯块品质好;收获的马铃薯产量（2150.7kg/667m2）与商品薯率（90.5%）高于芽眼朝上播种收获的马铃薯产量（2002kg/667m2）与商品薯率（80.4%）。湖南地区适合采用种薯芽眼朝下播种方式进行马铃薯种植。     

不同形态钾肥对马铃薯产量及品质的影响

采用随机区组设计,研究了在施入等量钾肥的前提下,硫酸钾及氯化钾配施对马铃薯植株生育性状、氨基酸、钾含量等品质和产量及商品薯率的影响.结果表明,等量不同形态钾肥对植株株高和主茎数有一定的影响,对其他生育性状基本无影响;对块茎中蛋氨酸含量无显著影响,对其他类型氨基酸、总氨基酸、还原糖和钾含量有一定影响;对马铃薯产量、经济效...     

0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂对马铃薯生长与品质的调节效果

摘要：为了明确0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂对马铃薯生长的调节效果，确定最佳用量，以克新6号马铃薯为材料，以8%甲哌鎓可湿性粉剂和清水分别作为药剂和空白对照，采取随机区组排列开展田间应用试验，分析不同用量0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂配施专用助剂（SD）对马铃薯生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明：处理1—处理5（667 m2分别施用0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂10、20、30、40、0 g，并配施SD 20 g）平均株高、全叶鲜质量、茎粗和小区平均产量均较空白对照有所增加，且均以处理4（667 m2施用0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂40 g＋SD 20 g）最大，处理3（667 m2施用0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂30 g＋SD 20 g）次之，2者小区平均产量较空白对照分别极显著增加13.80%、10.73%，但与药剂对照差异均不显 著；处理1—处理5马铃薯块茎干物质量、淀粉含量、还原糖含量和VC含量等也均较空白对照有所增加，其中以处理4最高，处理3次之，2者均显著高于空白对照。安全性评价表明，各处理对马铃薯均是安全的。在马铃薯生产上，推荐每667 m2使用0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂30～40 g＋SD 20 g。     

The Effect of Wet or Dry Soil Conditions at Different Growth Stages on the Components of Yield of a Pea Crop

An experiment is described in which the effect of irrigation, at four different growth stages, on the growth and yield of peas, variety Dark-Skinned Perfection, was determined. The sandy loam soil was brought to field capacity immediately after sowing the seed and subsequently ten different combinations of wet or dry soil conditions were imposed on the plants. No increase in yield of peas resulted from irrigating before flowering but irrigating at the start of flowering increased the yield per plant by increasing the number of marketable pods and the number of peas per pod. Irrigating at petal-fall had no effect on yield but yields were appreciably increased by irrigating when the pods were swelling. This increase followed from an increase in the number of pods per plant and in the mean weight per pea. A combination of irrigation at the start of flowering and at pod-swelling gave the highest yield per plant.     

马铃薯不同生育期喷施植物生长调节剂对产量的影响

对马铃薯不同生育期叶面喷施植物生长调节剂"通田补"对产量的影响进行试验。结果表明,马铃薯在团棵期和初花期各喷1次"通田补"效果最佳,每667m2产量达2170.11kg,较对照增产29.3%。喷施该植物生长调节剂,可补充从土壤中吸收不到的营养物质,使喷施的无机营养能迅速渗透到茎叶里,激发细胞活力,加速营养吸收,增加叶绿素的合成量,提高光合效率,促进淀粉积累,加速形成的光合产物向块茎转移,促使马铃薯地下块茎膨大,形成大薯。     

不同施氮水平下秋马铃薯的生长以及StNR和StAT的表达

通过对不同氮素水平下秋马铃薯生长及叶片氮素转运与吸收相关基因表达的研究,结果表明,块茎形成期和块茎膨大期叶片叶绿素含量（SPAD值）随施氮量的增加而增加;硝酸还原酶基因（StNR）和铵转运蛋白基因（StAT）的表达量随施氮量的增加而降低,StNR和StAT的表达量与施氮量、叶绿素含量呈极显著负相关（P < 0.01）。随着施氮量的增加,马铃薯株高和茎粗呈上升趋势,但单株结薯数、单薯质量和产量均呈先上升后下降的趋势,块茎淀粉含量呈降低趋势;秋马铃薯的施氮水平在90 ~ 135 kg · hm-2为宜。土壤和块茎硝态氮含量均随着施氮量的增加而增加,0 ~ 20 cm深土壤硝态氮含量在1.55 ~ 9.34 mg · kg-1;块茎硝态氮含量在20.58 ~ 49.81 mg · kg-1,各处理间差异极显著（P < 0.01）。研究结果可为大田马铃薯植株氮素营养分子诊断技术的建立及大田氮素运筹提供理论依据。     

番茄不同生育阶段遮荫对光合作用与产量的影响

 研究了番茄夏季不同生长阶段午间遮荫对光合作用、干物质分配和产量构成的影响。结果表明,不同时期遮荫使番茄初花期、盛花期和末花期午间气孔导度(Gs) 和胞间CO2 浓度(Ci) 增加, 75%遮荫显著降低净光合速率(Pn) , 但盛花期中度遮荫( 40%遮荫) 的Pn 随着遮荫时间的增加逐渐上升, 在末花期阶段表现尤为明显, 8 d 平均Pn 比对照增加22%, 蒸腾速率也显著增加。在初花和盛花期, 重度遮荫( 75% 遮荫) 显著降低根、茎干样质量, 但中度遮荫使末花期的根、茎干样质量分别比对照( 不遮荫) 增加43%和22%, 叶干样质量的增加不明显。初花期遮荫对果实产量影响不明显, 但盛花期75%遮荫的总产量和有效产量显著降低; 在末花期, 与对照相比, 40%的遮荫使总产量和有效产量显著增加, 单果质量亦增加35%。这些结果表明, 末花期午间适度遮荫有利于提高光合作用, 增加干样质量和经济产量。     

Developmental changes in sugars and dry matter content of potato tuber under sub-tropical climates

Two early maturing potato cultivars viz. the Indian cultivar Kufri Lauvkar and the exotic cultivar Atlantic were investigated for sucrose, reducing sugars and dry matter content changes during tuber growth. Relatively poor processing cultivar Kufri Lauvkar maintains higher sucrose and reducing sugar contents and lower dry matter values as compared to Atlantic throughout the growth and irrespective of the tuber size. The cultivar Kufri Lauvkar though attains physical maturity, but its tubers remain chemically immature under relatively cooler northern Indian plains. A negative correlation between free sugars vis-à-vis crop duration and tuber size was obtained.     

超高淀粉马铃薯新品种陇薯8号的选育

陇薯8号以油炸加工型品种大西洋为母本,以甘肃省农业科学院马铃薯研究所杂交创新材料L9705-9为父本配制杂交组合,从其杂交组合中经系统定向选育而成的马铃薯新品种。中晚熟,生育期116d(天)左右。薯块椭圆形,皮肉淡黄,薯皮粗糙,芽眼较浅,大中薯率一般80%以上。平均干物质含量31.59%,淀粉含量22.91%～27.34%,粗蛋白2.96%,VC133.2mg·kg-1,还原糖0.24%。每667m2产量1800kg左右,适宜甘肃省高寒阴湿、二阴地区及半干旱地区推广种植。     

马铃薯根和叶空间分布的品种间差异及其对产量的影响

利用根量多、耐旱、抗倒伏的根优1号、根优4号及高产优质、根量少、易倒伏的粉吹雪为试材,在马铃薯地上部最大期调查了根和叶空间分布的品种间差异及其对产量的影响。结果表明：① 根优1号和根优4号分布在土壤0～120 cm处的总根长和30～120 cm处的根长都显著高于粉吹雪|② 根优1号和根优4号的根系主要分布在土壤深层（30～120 cm）,而粉吹雪的根系则主要分布在土壤耕作层（0～30 cm）|③ 根优1号叶面积分布最均匀,而根优4号则主要集中分布在中上层（40～80 cm）,特别是在60～80 cm（占总叶面积的41.7%）,而根优1号的吸光系数显著低于粉吹雪和根优4号,因此根优1号从地上部最大期到收获期的块茎干物质增加量和增加速度最大|④ 株高、主茎粗和比根长各品种间差异显著,根优1号的植株最高,主茎最粗,但比根长最小,粉吹雪的植株最矮,主茎最细,但比根长最大。     

加工型马铃薯新品种陇薯17号的选育

陇薯17号是以L0020-14为母本,以D1533为父本,通过有性杂交和系统选育而成的加工型马铃薯新品种。晚熟,生育期132 d(天)左右。植株生长势较强,枝叶繁茂,结薯集中,单株平均结薯5个,商品薯率91%。薯块椭圆形,薯皮网纹,薯肉淡黄色,芽眼浅,薯形好。干物质含量25.66%,粗淀粉19.16%,粗蛋白2.84%,VC 150.9 mg·kg~(-1),还原糖0.128%。每667 m~2产量2 000 kg左右。田间对晚疫病的抗性强于对照陇薯6号。适宜在甘肃省临夏州、定西市等二阴地区栽培。     

马铃薯SSR遗传连锁图谱的构建及3个重要农艺性状的QTLs定位

利用二倍体马铃薯杂交群体P1的167个基因型为作图群体，应用SSR标记构建了一张总长度为645 cM的遗传连锁图谱，该图谱包含86个SSR标记，标记间平均距离为7.5 cM。应用该图谱，利用复合区间作图法，对与马铃薯块茎相关的3个重要农艺性状进行QTL定位和遗传效应分析，结果在第5条染色体上检测到控制以上3个性状的QTL各1个，其中控制单株产量的QTL遗传贡献率为12.3 %，控制单薯质量的QTL遗传贡献率为16.1 %，控制块茎比重的QTL遗传贡献率为11.2 %。     

施钾对春露地马铃薯产量和品质的影响

以洛薯八号马铃薯品种为试材,研究了不同钾肥用量对春露地马铃薯产量及品质的影响。试验结果表明,在一定的土壤条件下,钾肥施用量对马铃薯产量有一定的影响,当钾肥施用量超过25 kg/667 m2时,明显降低了马铃薯的单株质量、单薯质量、商品薯率及产量。适量的钾肥可提高马铃薯淀粉、VC 含量,降低还原糖含量。     

Chlorocholine chloride application effects on photosynthetic capacity and photoassimilates partitioning in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Treatment of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with chlorocholine chloride (CCC) applied twice as a foliar spray 25 and 30 days after planting has shown to decrease shoot and stolon growth but increase tuber yield. However, the regulatory role of CCC on translocation of recently fixed photoassimilates into different parts of potato plants has not been fully illustrated. In this study, ¹⁴C-isotope labelling technique was used to estimate the photosynthetic capacity and photoassimilate partitioning among leaves, stems, roots + stolons, and tubers of potted potatoes treated with 1.5 g l⁻¹ CCC. CCC treatment significantly increased tuber dry mass but reduced leaf dry mass. CCC-treated leaves had significantly higher chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and assimilated 22.0% more ¹⁴CO₂ per leaf dry mass than the controls. Compared with the control, CCC treatment reduced the translocation of ¹⁴C-photoassimilates into leaves, stems and roots + stolons but increased that into tubers. CCC-treated leaves exported 14.6% more ¹⁴C-photoassimilates into other parts of the plants. In addition, CCC treatment reduced ¹⁴C-soluble sugar and ¹⁴C-starch accumulation in leaves and stems but enhanced them in tubers and roots + stolons. Collectively, the results indicate that CCC treatment significantly improves the photosynthetic capacity of potato leaves and promotes photoassimilates partitioning into tubers thereby enhancing tuber growth.     

全生育期菊芋不同器官果聚糖积累分配特征研究

以“青芋2号”和“青芋3号”菊芋为试材,研究了整个生长周期内菊芋不同器官中以果聚糖为主的碳水化合物含量变化动态特征以及在各器官的分配情况.结果表明:苗期叶、茎中果聚糖含量和总量增加迅速,主要贮存在叶中;植株迅速生长期和块茎形成期叶、茎中果聚糖含量呈起伏变化;全株果聚糖积累总量呈持续上升趋势,主要贮存在叶和茎中;开花期叶、茎中的果聚糖含量和积累总量先后达到全生育期的最高值,并完成果聚糖从叶片向茎的转运;块茎内含量稳定,积累总量增加缓慢;果聚糖主要贮存在茎内;块茎膨大期,全株的果聚糖积累量增加缓慢,以植株内部转运为主,果聚糖开始迅速从茎向块茎分配,到生育期末,全株果聚糖70％分配到块茎.     

马铃薯LK99干物质及养分累积规律研究

通过播前常规施肥、大中微量元素配施(综合养分)处理,研究其对中早熟马铃薯LK99干物质积累,N、P、K、Fe、Zn、Ca的积累、分配等的影响。研究结果表明,大中微量元素配施可明显提高LK99商品薯率和鲜薯产量,随着生育期的推进,LK99植株干物质积累量呈现"慢-快-慢"的"S"形变化规律,而干物质积累速率呈现单峰曲线变化。整个生育期LK99植株对6种养分的吸收呈"慢-快-慢"的单峰变化曲线。养分在各器官中的分配随着生长发育各阶段的推进而变化,生育前期主要分配在叶片和茎秆中,块茎形成以后,随着库的扩大,开始由茎叶向块茎运移。至成熟期,约有90%的N、P、K和80%的Zn是贮存在块茎中。大中微量元素配合施用有利于Fe、Ca在块茎中的贮存。