Antimicrobial activity of Pseudognaphalium moritzianum

The antimicrobial activity of ethanol, acetone and aqueous extracts of the aerial parts of Pseudognaphalium moritzianum was evaluated. Ethanol and acetone extracts showed activity against Staphlococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aqueous extract was active against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.     

The in vitro antibacterial/synergistic activities of Withania somnifera extracts

The methanol, hexane and diethyl ether extracts from both leaves and roots of Withania somnifera were evaluated for the antibacterial/synergistic activity by agar plate disc-diffusion assay against Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Different concentrations of Tibrim, a combination of rifampicin and isoniazid, were tested to find out the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), which came out to be 0.1 mg/ml for S. typhimurium and E. coli. From the six extracts tested, only methanol and hexane extracts of both leaves and roots were found to have potent antibacterial activity. A synergistic increase in the antibacterial effect of Tibrim was noticed when MIC of Tibrim was supplemented with these extracts.     

Antiviral and cytotoxic activities of some Indonesian plants

Ten methanolic extracts from eight Indonesian medicinal plants were phytochemically screened and evaluated for antiviral (HSV-1 and Poliovirus) and cytotoxic activities on murine and human cancer lines (3LL, L1210, K562, U251, DU145, MCF-7). Besides Melastoma malabathricum (Melastomataceae), the Indonesian Loranthaceae species among which Elytranthe tubaeflora, E. maingayi, E. globosa and Scurrula ferruginea exhibited attractive antiviral and cytotoxic activities. Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) was found active on Poliovirus. S. ferruginea was selected for further studies because of its activity on the U251 glioblastoma cells.     

Antioxidant activity of Paraguayan plant extracts

The antioxidant properties of six medical herbs used in the traditional Paraguayan medicine were studied using free radical-generating systems. The methanol extracts from Aristolochia giberti, Cecropia pachystachya, Eugenia uniflora, Piper fulvescens, Schinus weinmannifolia and Schinus terebinthifolia protected against enzymatic and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation in microsomal membranes of rat. C. pachystachya, E. uniflora, S. weinmannifolia and S. terebinthifolia showed the highest scavenging activity on the superoxide and DPPH radicals.     

榆木蠹蛾性诱剂的合成及林间诱蛾试验

利用毛细管气相色谱分析榆木蠹蛾处女雌蛾性腺体提取物、化学合成相应的标准化合物并通过触角电位分析及林间诱蛾试验,旨在找到一种对榆木蠹蛾成虫具有强引诱活性的性诱剂.结果表明:提取物中存在反-3-十四碳烯醇(E3 - 14∶OH)、顺-3-十四碳烯醇(Z3 - 14∶ OH)、反-3 -十四碳烯醇乙酸酯(E3 - 14∶Ac)、顺-7-十四碳烯醇乙酸酯(Z7-14∶ Ac)和顺-3-反-5-十四碳烯醇乙酸酯(Z3E5 -14∶ Ac).榆木蠹蛾雄蛾对Z7-14∶ Ac产生最强的触角电位(EAG)反应,为4.95 mV,极显著高于其他化合物,其他依次是E3 - 14∶Ac、Z3E5 -14∶Ac、E3E5 -14∶ Ac、Z3 - 14∶Ac、腺体提取物、E7 - 14∶Ac,其中乙酸酯化合物EAG值极显著高于其相应的醇(P＜0.01).林间诱蛾活性试验表明:Z7- 14∶ Ac有诱蛾活性,E3 - 14∶Ac和Z3E5 - 14∶ Ac有显著的增效作用,Z7-14∶ Ac、E3 - 14∶Ac和Z3E5 - 14∶ Ac按10∶ 4∶4的比例配成每个含900 μg性诱剂的诱芯具有很好的诱蛾活性,单诱芯日平均诱蛾数达11.02头.     

菊米总黄酮的超声波提取及其体外抑菌试验

以总黄酮为指标,以水为溶剂采用超声波提取技术,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定菊米的最佳提取方法.同时,采用滤纸片扩散法测定其对7种常见污染菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC).结果表明:超声波提取菊米总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:温度70℃,料液比1:120,时间40 min.总黄酮得率可达16.96%;提取物对供试菌中的大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、啤酒酵母、黄曲霉、青霉具有抑菌作用;对大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、啤酒酵母具有杀菌作用.总体而言对细菌具有较好的抑菌杀菌作用.     

Antioxidant activity, reducing power and total phenolic content of some lichen species

The total antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and reducing power of methanol and water extracts of four lichen species, Bryoria fuscescens, Dermatocarpon intestiniformis, Peltigera rufescens and Pseudevernia furfuracea, were determined in vitro. Water and methanol extracts of P. rufescens showed the highest antioxidant activity. However, there was no correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of the extracts. Although the methanol extract of P. furfuracea had the highest total phenolic contents, it exhibited low antioxidant activity. In contrast, there was a strong correlation between reducing power and total antioxidant activity of the extracts. The highest reducing power was determined for the methanol extract of P. rufescens.     

Anticariogenic activity of some tropical medicinal plants against Streptococcus mutans

The methanol extracts of five tropical plants, Baeckea frutescens, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Kaempferia pandurata, Physalis angulata and Quercus infectoria, exhibited potent antibacterial activity against the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans. In particular, G. glabra, K. pandurata and P. angulata conferred fast killing bactericidal effect against S. mutans in 2 min at 50 microg/ml of extract concentration.     

Brine shrimp lethality bioassay of selected Indian medicinal plants

Ethanolic extracts of six Indian medicinal plants, piperine, guggulsterone E and guggulsterone Z were tested for cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality test. Piper longum showed most potent cytotoxic activity. Piperine, guggulsterone E and guggulsterone Z showed potent activity with LC(50) 2.4, 8.9 and 4.9, respectively.     

Effects and mode of action of some plant extracts on certain plant parasitic nematodes

Exposure to standard solution S extract ofPunica granatum, Thymus vulgaris andArtemisia absinthium for 72 h reduced the numbers of active nematodes by 100% forMeloidogyne incognita and by 95.7%, 71.4% and 42.9% forHelicotylenchus dihystera, respectively. Exposure to S/2 dilutions for 72 h reduced nematode motility by 100%, 77.3 and 72.7% forM. incognita, and by 92.9%, 37,1%, and 37,1% forH. dihystera, respectively. As exposure to S and S/2 extracts ofCitrullus colosynthis andRicinus communis reduced nematode motility by less than 32% forM. incognita and by less than 30% forH. dihystera. WhenM. incognita andH. dihystera were transfered to water for 72h, more than 85% of the individuals resumed normal movement at all extract dilutions except S ofA. absinthium andT. vulgaris and S and S/2 ofP. granatum. However, recovery ofM. incognita was more less than that ofH. dihystera. Exposure to S extracts ofP. granatum andT. vulgaris for 30 days reduced egg-hatching ofM. incognita by 100% and by 98.7% for S/2 dilutions. Also, 98.7% reduction in the egg-hatching was obtained by S ofA. absinthium. Extracts ofC. colosynthsis andR. communis gave less egg-hatching inhibition. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was suppressed by more than 75% inH. dihystera treated with S of each ofP. granatum, T. vulgaris andA. absinthium. However, the former extract gave the highest AChE inhibition (98.7%). When nematodes were treated with oxamyl (Vydate 24%), AChE activity was suppressed by 53.3%. The other extract dilutions suppressed AChE activity by less than 50%.     

Estrogenic activity of the dichloromethane extract from Pueraria mirifica

Pueraria mirifica and its extracts are widely used as the ingredient(s) in many rejuvenating products. Up to now, the extract of P. mirifica roots that has been used in most studies, is the alcoholic extract. In the present study, we investigated the estrogenic activity using uterotropic and MCF-7 cell proliferation models of the dichloromethane extract as well as the water extract which was obtained from partitioning the ethanolic extract. The results indicated that among the three extracts, i.e. the ethanolic extract (PM1), the water extract (PM2) and dichloromethane extract (PM3), PM3 exhibited the most potent estrogenic activity in both models, followed by PM1. The extracts produced uterotropic activity associated with the increase of water content while uterotropic activity of 17beta-estradiol was related to the increase of muscle mass. The two isoflavonoids, genistein and daidzein, were not the major active phytoestrogens involving the estrogenic activity of these extracts.     

Screening of antioxidant activity of three Euphorbia species from Turkey

Euphorbia acanthothamnos, E. macroclada and E. rigida were investigated for their antioxidant activity. The antioxidant potential of extracts of E. acanthothamnos, E. macroclada and E. rigida was evaluated using different complementary antioxidant tests.     

Anti-microbial activity of Bidens pilosa, Bischofia javanica, Elmerillia papuana and Sigesbekia orientalis.

The ethanol extracts of Bidens pilosa (whole plant), Bischofia javanica (leaves), Elmerillia papuana (root bark) and Sigesbekia orientalis (whole plant) were partitioned (petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate). The crude ethanolic extracts and all the obtained fractions showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, the ethyl acetate fractions and the petrol fraction of E. papuana being the most effective. No activity was observed against the tested moulds.     

杨树枝条韧皮部提取液对光肩星天牛羧酸酯酶的影响

分别用石油醚和甲醇浸提8种杨树枝条韧皮部，测定提取液对光肩星天牛幼虫羧酸酯酶活力的影响。试验表明：新疆杨石油醚提取液的影响与加拿大杨这间存在显著差异；新疆杨甲醇提取液的影响与毛白杨、山海关杨、I－214杨、北京杨之间，J－杨、加拿大杨与山海关杨、I－214杨、北京杨之间，存在显著差异。     

Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Euroschinus papuanus

The crude methanolic extracts of the leaves, stem bark, stem heart wood, root bark and root heart wood of Euroschinus papuanus and the fractions obtained on partitioning with petrol, dichloromethane (D), ethyl acetate (E) and butanol (B), exhibited a broad spectrum antibacterial activity. Fractionation drastically enhanced the activity. Excellent activity was demonstrated by the E fractions of stem heart wood, D of root bark, and E of root heart wood. Antifungal activity was exhibited by the B fractions of leaves, stem heartwood and root bark.     

Chemical constituents of Anacolosa pervilleana and their antiviral activities

In an effort to identify novel inhibitors of Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Dengue (DENV) virus replication, a systematic study with 820 ethyl acetate extracts of Madagascan plants was performed in a virus-cell-based assay for CHIKV and a DENV NS5 RNA-dependant RNA polymerase (RdRp) assay. The extract obtained from the leaves of Anacolosa pervilleana was selected for its significant activity in both assays. One new (E)-tridec-2-en-4-ynedioic acid named anacolosine (1), together with three known acetylenic acids, the octadeca-9,11,13-triynoic acid (2), (13E)-octadec-13-en-9,11-diynoic acid (3), (13E)-octadec-13-en-11-ynoic acid (4), two terpenoids, lupenone (5) and β-amyrone (6), and one cyanogenic glycoside, (S)-sambunigrin (7) were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analyses of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry data. The inhibitory potency of these compounds was evaluated on CHIKV, DENV RdRp and West-Nile polymerase virus (WNV RdRp). Both terpenoids showed a moderate activity against CHIKV (EC(50) 77 and 86 μM, respectively) and the acetylenic acids produced IC(50) values around 3 μM in the DENV RdRp assay.     

枫香等3种植物水浸液灭螺效果的初步研究

对枫香、无患子、博落回3种植物与枫杨、乌桕及其组合叶片水浸液抑螺效果在控湿（25±1）℃和常温两种条件下进行了比较研究,同时初步研究了博落回不同部位水浸液的杀螺效果。结果表明：（1）在控温（25±1）℃和常温条件下,单一树种枫香、无患子、博落回叶片的水浸液均有较好的灭螺活性。（2）在相同的试验条件下,枫杨＋乌桕＋枫香等组合处理与单一植物材料水浸液的灭螺效果差异不显著,枫杨＋乌桕组合对钉螺的抑制率略低于单一树种。（3）博落回不同部位灭螺效果有一定差异,根的灭螺效果明显低于叶和茎,不同部位的平均灭螺效果排序为：叶〉茎〉根。     

4种经济树种叶片浸提液对作物种子萌发化感作用的研究

用广西产的马尾松、巨尾桉、香樟、油茶4种主要经济树种的鲜叶及凋落叶浸提液作浸泡萝卜、油青菜心及上海青种子处理,进行了其对作物种子萌发影响的化感作用研究。结果表明,在4个树种凋落叶的浸提液处理中,化感作用最强的为香樟,其次为油茶、巨尾桉,最弱的为马尾松;而在4个树种鲜叶的浸提液处理中,化感作用最强的为巨尾桉,其次为香樟、油茶,最弱的为马尾松。其中萝卜种子的萌发对香樟叶片的浸提液更为敏感,而上海青种子的萌发则对油茶叶片的浸提液更为敏感。     

Molluscicidal activity of Solanum species of the Northeast of Brazil on Biomphalaria glabrata

Seven species of Solanum were screened for their molluscicidal properties against Biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediated host of Schistosoma mansoni, Solanum agrarium, S. jabrense, S. melissarum, S. megalonyx, S. paludosum, S. paraibanum and S. stipulaceum. Four extracts showed molluscicidal activity with LC(50) from 22 to 56 microg/ml.     

Evaluation of the anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activities of the medicinal plants Dodonaea viscosa,Rumex nervosus and Rumex abyssinicus

The crude extracts of the leaves of Dodonaea viscosa and Rumex nervosus as well as of the root of Rumex abyssinicus were tested for anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activities. It was observed that the three plants possess antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus and strong activity against Coxsackie virus B3 and influenza A virus. In contrast, none of them exhibited anti-fungal activity. The anti-inflammatory activity test results verified that only R. abyssinicus inhibited the synthesis of prostaglandin (PG) E(2).