Starter fertilizer to spring barley and spring wheat in south-east Norway: Effects on growth and nutrient uptake

Abstract

Field experiments were carried out on three representative soils, to evaluate the effect of various starter fertilizers, together with different rates of band placed phosphorus (P), on nutrient uptake and yield of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The starter fertilizers were placed in the immediate vicinity of the seed, while the band placed P was placed at about 5 cm below the seeds and spaced at 25 cm between alternate seed rows. As starter fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate (MAP), calcium nitrate (CAN), ammonium nitrate (AN) and triple superphosphate (P20) were compared. In both species, effects of starter fertilizer on P uptake were most marked early in the growing season. At GS 13 application of 20 kg P ha^?1 as MAP increased the P uptake by 50% in barley and by 35% in wheat, compared to no seed-placed nutrients. For grain, the increase in P content was 8% for both species. The higher P uptake at GS 13 was supported by observations of higher plant vigour in the treatments with either P20 or MAP as starter fertilizer. The use of N only as starter fertilizer did not increase the vigour of the plants. Band placement of P also gave more vigorous plants in spring barley. The grain yield increased on the silty clay loam and on the silt soil when starter fertilizer was applied, especially with the use of MAP. Smaller and non-significant yield differences were found when starter fertilizer was used on the loam soil. No delay or reduction of emergence was observed with starter fertilizer. Therefore, on soils where root growth or nutrient uptake becomes limited during the first weeks after sowing, application of starter fertilizer is recommended in Norway for both spring barley and spring wheat. Crops grown on silty soils seem to have an especially high demand for easily available P given as starter fertilizer.     

Interaction effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on nitrogen mineralization of wheat residues in a calcareous soil

Abstract

Because of the high pH of the soil in semiarid regions, phosphorus adsorption is unfavorable. So, considerable amounts of phosphorus fertilizers are used annually, where this fertilizer may affect the plant residues' decomposition. To examine the interaction effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on nitrogen mineralization in calcareous soil, a factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor consisted of various C:N ratios (20, 40, and 60 or three levels of nitrogen N₁:0, N₂:11, and N₃:43?kg N ha^?1, respectively) and the second factor consisted of various C:P ratios (87, 174, and 260 or three levels of phosphorus P₁:0, P₂:12, and P₃:45?kg P ha^?1, respectively), under incubation conditions. The results indicated that the cumulative mineral nitrogen content in all treatments, except for N1P2 and N1P3 treatments, started from a positive amount and remained positive until the end of the incubation period. The highest amount of cumulative mineral nitrogen among treatments was related to N3P1 treatment, while the lowest was associated with N2P3 treatment. Mineralization of nitrogen during 60?d of incubation was the dominant phenomenon, except for the N1P2 and N1P3 treatments which remained in the organic phase. The effect of phosphorus on the cumulative mineralization of nitrogen was significant. With increasing the amount of phosphorus, the total inorganic nitrogen diminished. Nitrogen release begins earlier with lower C:N ratios, and therefore the available nitrogen can be released more quickly to the plant. It is generally concluded that, in calcareous soil, the use of nitrogen fertilizer to adjust C:N ratio and to improve the mineralization of wheat residues will be a suitable option.     

Effect of enriched municipal solid waste compost application on soil available macronutrients in the rice field

Abstract

A study was conducted in the Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India, to transform the normal compost into bioactive compost, which has multiple benefits to the crop system. The key players in this transformation process were Azotobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Phosphobacteria sp. and the waste materials like poultry litter and spent wash. This enrichment process increases both the quality and nutrient content of the municipal solid waste compost significantly. A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of application of different levels of enriched municipal solid waste compost on the availability of the macronutrient content to the rice field soil. The effect of enriched compost on soil available nutrients was significant. The soil ammonium nitrogen and soil nitrate nitrogen content was found to be high in the plots where the enriched compost was applied along with inorganic fertilizer with the values of 38.87 mg kg^?1 and 32.87 mg kg^?1, respectively. In addition, the availability decreased towards crop growth. The soil available P and K were also increased with enriched compost application to about 22.46 kg ha^?1 and 647 kg ha^?1 compared with control values of 19.44 kg ha^?1 and 518 kg ha^?1, respectively. Both phosphorus and potassium content decreased towards advancement of crop growth.     

滴灌条件下控释专用肥对设施番茄氮钾吸收及其残留的影响

【目的】设施蔬菜生产中水肥的过量投入不仅引发环境污染问题,而且增加生产成本。因此迫切需要通过调整肥料养分释放速率,在满足作物营养充分供应的同时,降低肥料和劳动投入,提高产出。为此,本文研究了习惯施肥与3种番茄控释专用配方肥对京郊番茄产量、品质、氮钾吸收以及土壤中硝态氮和钾残留的影响,以期为番茄的合理施肥提供依据。【方法】采用蔬菜大棚内小区试验的方法,试验设对照（不施氮肥,CK）、 有机肥（只施有机肥,MN）、 习惯施肥（施N 300 kg/hm2,TN）、 控释专用肥Ⅰ（CN1）、控释肥专用肥Ⅱ（CN2）和控释肥专用肥Ⅲ（CN3）共6个处理。3个专用肥的氮由80%的控释氮与20%速效氮构成,作为基肥一次性施入,用量与习惯施肥相同,除CK外其他处理的有机肥用量均为8 t/hm2。 控释肥为自制的聚合物包膜尿素（含N 42%）和包膜硫酸钾（含 K2O 47%）。包膜尿素3种,2个为延迟释放型,1个为直线释放型;2种包膜钾肥均为直线释放型。按不同比例组成3种专用肥。试验采用自压式滴灌系统,每畦安装一条滴灌管,共灌水6次,各小区等量灌溉,分别在移栽及移栽后第44、65、73、79和89 d灌水,每次分别为45、37、35、28、30和27 mm,每小区总量均为202 mm。小区面积为24 m2,每个处理3次重复,随机排列。高畦栽培,畦宽1.4 m,双行定植,行距40 cm,株距40 cm。【结果】 各处理番茄鲜果产量为79.2~87.1 t/hm2,其间无显著差异。CN3处理果实的硝酸盐含量增加,但Vc含量却下降,果实品质有所降低。3个控释肥处理的S型控释肥表现为前控后促的供氮趋势,在果实膨大期无机氮供应达到N102247 kg/hm2,与习惯施肥处理多次追肥形成的供氮规律相似。控释钾肥仅释放23.2%~36.0%,环境温度对于控释钾肥的释放促进作用很小。收获后土壤硝态氮的残留主要集中在表层（020 cm）和次表层（2040 cm）,占0100 cm土层的87.1%;060 cm土层内,CN3处理的NO-3\|N残留量与习惯施肥相当,而CN1和CN2处理的NO3--N残留比习惯施肥减少37.3%~55.0%,有效降低了硝态氮向下淋洗。施肥增加了各处理表层土壤中的钾含量,表层以下各处理的钾含量差别不大。【结论】3个专用肥处理中控释肥一次性施用不仅节约了施肥时间和劳动成本,而且在果实膨大期提供了充足的氮素供应,实现了与作物氮素吸收的同步。控释专用肥配方1和配方2可以提供合理的氮素供应,在降低劳动投入和节水的情况下,番茄产量和果实品质不降低,并减少了硝态氮的淋洗损失。     

根系分区交替灌溉条件下番茄果实硝酸盐含量的水肥耦合效应研究

为了解根系分区交替灌溉条件下灌水量和氮、磷、钾肥用量对番茄果实中硝酸盐含量的影响，通过盆栽试验，采用四元二次回归正交旋转组合设计，建立了硝酸盐含量与水肥因子的数学模型，并对各单一因素的效应及两两因素的耦合效应进行了分析。结果表明，在其他因子为0水平时，番茄果实中的硝酸盐含量，随灌水量、施磷量的增加均呈先增加后降低的变化趋势；随施钾量的增加呈先降低后增加的变化趋势；但不随施氮量而变化。灌水量与施氮量、施磷量与施钾量的交互作用均表现为阻碍番茄果实硝酸盐的积累。根系分区交替灌溉条件下，适当提高灌水量和施磷量,或者减少施钾量能有效地降低番茄果实的硝酸盐含量。     

Potassium efficiency mechanisms of wheat,barley, and sugar beet grown on a K fixing soil under controlled conditions

Plant species differ in their potassium (K) efficiency, but the mechanisms are not clearly documented and understood. Therefore, K efficiency of spring wheat, spring barley, and sugar beet was studied under controlled conditions on a K fixing sandy clay loam. The effect of four K concentrations in soil solution ranging from low (5 and 20 μM K) to high (2.65 and 10 mM K) on plant growth and K uptake was investigated at 3 harvest dates (14, 21, and 31 days after sowing). The following parameters were determined: shoot dry matter (DM), K concentration in shoot dry matter, root length (RL), root length/shoot weight ratio (RSR), shoot growth rate/average root length ratio (GR_s/aRL), K influx, and soil solution K concentrations. Wheat proved to have a higher agronomic K efficiency than barley and sugar beet, indicated by a greater relative yield under K‐deficient conditions. As compared to both cereals, sugar beet was characterized by higher K concentrations in the shoot dry matter, only 30—50 % of the root length, 15—30 % of the RSR and a 3 to 6 times higher GR_s/aRL. This means that the shoot of sugar beet had a 3 to 6 times higher K demand per unit root length. Even at low K concentrations in the soil solution, sugar beet had a 7 to 10 times higher K influx than the cereals, indicating that sugar beet was more effective in removing low available soil K. Wheat and barley were characterized by slow shoot growth, low internal K requirement, i.e. high K utilization efficiency, and high RSR, resulting in a low K demand per unit root length. At low soil K concentrations, both cereals increased K influx with age, an indication of adaptation to K deficiency. The mechanism of this adaptation merits closer investigation. Model calculations were performed to estimate the K concentration difference between the bulk soil and the root surface (ΔC_L) needed to drive the measured K influx. For the two cereals, the calculated ΔC_L was smaller than the K concentration in the soil solution, but for sugar beet, ΔC_L was up to seven times higher. This indicates that sugar beet was able to mobilize K in the rhizosphere, but the mechanisms responsible for this mobilization remain to be studied.     

土壤压实对土壤物理性质及小麦氮磷钾吸收的影响

为了研究土壤压实对土壤物理性质以及小麦养分吸收情况的影响,在2006和2007年进行了两轮田间试验.试验中,先用旋耕机对田块进行旋耕,耕深10cm,然后使用手扶式、轮式、履带式拖拉机在旋耕后的田块中通过1次(T1)、2次(T2)、4次(T3)以对土壤进行压实处理,对照组(T4)不作任何压实处理.压实处理后再次对土壤表层进行浅旋耕,耕深5 cm,耕后用播种机进行小麦播种,小麦品种为南京-601.试验结果发现,次表层土壤的压实处理显著影响次表层土壤的容重,孔隙度,小麦蛋白质含量以及植物中N、P、K的含量.除次表层的土壤容重在T3组中最大,T4组中最小外,其他参数值在T4组中最大,T3组中最小.并且,随着次表层土壤压实程度的增加,几乎所有的参数(土壤容重除外)都有所减少.不过,与第一年相比,参数值在第二年略有增加.总之,土壤压实严重破坏土壤结构,不利于小麦对养分的吸收.     

生物炭对夏玉米农田土壤有效养分垂直分布及作物利用的影响

生物炭具有改良耕层土壤理化性质和保水保肥的功效.针对华北地区农田养分利用效率低的问题,采用田间试验方法,研究了生物炭不同施用量对夏玉米生长关键期0～100 cm土壤有效态氮、磷、钾垂直分布特征及其对作物养分吸收利用的影响.试验设B0F(0 t/hm2生物炭+化肥)、B5F(5 t/hm2生物炭+化肥)、B10F(10 ...     

Genotypic differences in growth,yield and nutrient accumulation of spring wheat cultivars in response to long-term soil fertility regimes

Determining genotypic responses to soil fertility may assist selection of cultivars that can be adapted to varied soil fertility regimes, and such selection under field conditions is still limited. A two-year field experiment was conducted in long-term field trials to investigate wheat genotype effects on early growth, yield and nutrient accumulation as affected by varied long-term soil fertility managements and nitrogen (N) fertilization. Results show that the early growth, grain yield and nutrient accumulation of spring wheat plants were strongly affected by soil fertility managements and genotypes. Early shoot and root biomass of singly grown plants and leaf canopy growth under standard growth density was associated with subsequent grain yield of plants under standard growth density across the gradient in soil fertility levels. Taifun and Thasos had stable higher yield and N and phosphorus (P) uptake across varied soil fertility regimes compared with other genotypes. Økilde, however, increased yield by 8–34% and N and P accumulation by 1–22% only when grown in the high organic manure treatment compared with other genotypes, indicating that it is more adapted to high organic fertility regimes. Therefore, the different responses and adaptations of genotypes to soil fertility regimes should be included during selection of cultivars.     

Partitioning of phosphorus in different height isolines of winter wheat

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yields and composition are influenced greatly by P and its interactions with other nutrients. Because most P in grain, like N, is remobilized from vegetative parts, high harvest index of dwarf wheats may adversely influence partitioning of P to grain. Isogenic tall, single semidwarf, and double dwarf ‘Pawnee’ wheat lines were used to characterize P partitioning, P nutrition before and after anthesis, and relationship between P and N. Plants were grown in hydroponic cultures with three P levels; the first study determined P, N, and dry matter accumulation from anthesis to maturity, the second study determined the effect of withholding P after anthesis on P, N, and dry matter partitioning during grain development. Plants continued to absorb P when it was available after anthesis, but grain growth was influenced more by P nutrition before anthesis than after anthesis. Leaf blades, sheaths, and stems were major sources of P for grain growth when the nutrient was withheld and major sites of P accumulation when the nutrient was supplied after anthesis. Content of N in plants was favored by ample P levels. Dwarfing genes increased harvest index, but had little effect on P partitioning because of differences in dry matter accumulation.     

Nutrient‐enriched soils and native N‐fixing plants in New Zealand

Approximately 40% of New Zealand's land mass is fertilized grassland with entirely non‐native plants, but currently there is substantially increased interest in restoration of native plants into contemporary agricultural matrices. Native vegetation is adapted to more acid and less fertile soils and their establishment and growth may be constrained by nutrient spillover from agricultural land. We investigated plant–soil interactions of native N‐fixing and early successional non N‐fixing plants in soils with variable fertility. The effects of soil amendments of urea (100 and 300 kg N ha^?1), lime (6000 kg CaCO₃ ha^?1), and superphosphate (470 kg ha^?1) and combinations of these treatments were evaluated in a glasshouse pot trial. Plant growth, soil pH, soil mineral N, Olsen P and nodule nitrogenase activity in N‐fixing plants were measured. Urea amendments to soil were not inhibitory to the growth of native N‐fixing plants at lower N application rates; two species responded positively to combinations of N, P and lime. Phosphate enrichment enhanced nodulation in N‐fixers, but nitrogen inhibited nodulation, reduced soil pH and provided higher nitrate concentrations in soil. The contribution of mineral N to soil from the 1‐year old N‐fixing plants was small, in amounts extrapolated to be 10–14 kg ha^?1 y^?1. Urea, applied both alone and in conjunction with other amendments, enhanced the growth of the non N‐fixing species, which exploited mineral N more efficiently; without N, application of lime and P had little effect or was detrimental. The results showed native N‐fixing plants can be embedded in agroecology systems without significant risk of further increasing soil fertility or enhancing nitrate leaching.     

Effect of one phosphorus rate placed in different soil volumes on p uptake and growth of wheat

Abstract

The volume of soil treated with P fertilizer affects P uptake by the crop. Earlier studies have shown that the stimulation of root growth in P‐fertilized soil was similar for both corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr). The objective of this research was to determine the effect of fertilizer P placement on P uptake and shoot and root growth of spring wheat (Triticum vulgare L.). Wheat was grown for 34 days in Raub silt loam (Aquic Argiudolls) in a controlled climate chamber. One rate of phosphate per pot, 150 mg P per three kg of soil, was mixed with 2, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 100% of the soil in the pot. The P was equilibrated with moist soil for 5 days at 70°C followed by 21 days at 25° C before transplanting 8‐day‐old wheat plants into each 3 L pot. The P stimulation of root growth in the P‐treated soil was similar to that for corn and soybeans. The effect could be described by the equation y = x^0.7 where y is the fraction of the root system in the P‐fertilized soil where P is mixed with x fraction of the soil. The greatest P uptake and plant growth occurred when added P was mixed with 20% of the soil.     

氮素形态对解磷细菌发酵液解磷效果及小白菜生长和品质的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了施用硝态氮、铵态氮对解磷细菌发酵液不同组分解磷活性及其对小白菜产量、品质的影响。结果表明,施用相同氮肥时,浇灌解磷细菌原发酵液处理 T3的作用效果明显优于菌体悬浮液T2及菌液上清T1;以硝态氮为底肥时,施用发酵原液的土壤有效态磷含量较高,小白菜产量最高,品质明显优化,即硝态氮含量下降, Vc、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、纤维素以及植株磷含量显著增加,且增加变幅均高于以铵态氮为底肥的效果。由此可知,硝态氮与解磷细菌发酵原液配施时, W1菌株解磷效果更好,可能是解磷菌株W1最适的氮源。因此,种植小白菜时直接向其根际施用解磷细菌发酵液并配施硝态氮肥,更有利于提高小白菜的品质及产量。     

Effects of the application of wastevater from olive processing on soil nitrogen transformation

Abstract

An incubation experiment was performed to study the effects of wastewater from olive processing on nitrogen transformation in a calcareous soil. The application of this wastewater was shown to decrease NO₃ ^‐ formation in comparison with control assays during approximately the first half of the experimental period (6 weeks). Results were similar although more marked when vegetation water plus ammoniacal nitrogen was applied as opposed to ammoniacal nitrogen alone. The incorporation of vegetation water during the initial phases of study also reduced soil N‐NH₄ ⁺ levels both when residue only treatments were compared with controls and when vegetation water plus ammoniacal nitrogen treatments were compared with ammoniacal nitrogen only.     

北京市大兴区土壤肥力的空间变异

该文旨在揭示北京市大兴区土壤肥力指标及肥力质量空间变化规律,为土壤培肥管理提供指导。通过实测研究区土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾和pH值五个肥力指标的含量,运用地统计学方法和Fuzzy综合评判法对其进行计算分析。结果表明：大兴区5种土壤肥力指标中,有机质、全氮、速效钾、pH值的块金值与基台值的比值C0/(C+C0)分别为0.38、0.25、0.29和0.50,说明它们具有中等的空间相关性;速效磷的C0/(C+C0)达到0.88,说明其具有弱的空间相关性;土壤有机质和全氮含量主要由北向南逐渐降低,速效磷主要从西南向东北方向逐渐降低,速效钾主要由东南向西北方向逐渐降低,pH值主要由南向北逐渐降低;大兴区土壤肥力质量呈现出明显的北高南低的趋势,5个等级地块分别占全区总面积的0.21%、6.35%、20.95%、29.45%和43.04%,Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类等地占整个区域面积的93.44%。大兴区土壤肥力总体水平偏低,除了与该地区土壤质地偏砂有关,同时也受到人为管理措施的影响。     

品种演替和土壤肥力对小麦产量和磷生理效率的影响

以25年来长期定位施肥试验构建不同土壤肥力梯度为平台,研究品种演替过程中籽粒产量和磷效率对土壤肥力的响应。结果表明,各施肥处理,随品种演替小麦籽粒产量呈显著增加趋势,其中郑麦0856的产量最高(8 157. 3kg·hm-2),郑麦7698次之,豫麦13的产量最低(5 915. 39 kg·hm-2);不施肥处理(CK)则下降。无论施肥或不施肥处理,100 kg小麦籽粒对磷素的需求量均随品种的演替呈上升趋势。此外,随品种演替,磷的生理效率呈先增加后降低的趋势,郑麦941 (172. 48 kg·kg-1)的磷生理效率最高,郑麦9023 (145. 79 kg·kg-1)、郑麦7698 (130. 51kg·kg-1)和郑麦0856 (147. 65 kg·kg-1)次之,三者之间差异不明显,豫麦13 (66. 71 kg·kg-1)的磷生理效率最低;同一品种,单施化肥处理(NPK)小麦磷生理效率显著高于其他施肥处理(MNPK、1. 5MNPK和SNPK)(豫麦13除外)。同时,品种演变明显提高了磷农学效率;但在施肥条件下,继续增施肥料和养分投入使豫麦13、郑麦941、郑麦7698和郑麦9023的磷农学效率降低;而郑麦0856的农学效率随着土壤肥力的增加而增加,与籽粒产量协同提升。因此,黄淮海地区小麦品种演替在土壤肥力养分充足时籽粒产量显著提高,磷效率也呈增加的趋势。     

南佛罗里达州温室条件下番茄生长和养分吸收模型的验证

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) has been widely used throughout the world to model crop growth and nutrient uptake in various types of soils.A greenhouse experiment was performed to validate the process equations embedded in SWAT for describing the growth and nutrient uptake of tomatoes in south Florida.The scaled growth curve of greenhouse-grown tomatoes was in close agreement with the theoretical model for field conditions,with the scaling factors being the maximum canopy height and the potential heat units.Similarly,the scaled leaf area index(LAI) growth curve and the scaled root depth curve for greenhousegrown tomatoes agreed with the SWAT functions,with the scaling factors being the maximum LAI and maximum root depth.The greenhouse experiment confirmed that the growth of biomass is a linear function of the intercepted photosynthetically active radiation.The fractions of nutrients in the plant biomass under greenhouse conditions were found to be on the order of 60% of those fractions observed in the field.Values of the initial P distribution(0.2 mg kg -1),initial ratio of mineral stable P to mineral active P(50:1),and initial ratio of humic N to humic P(2.4:1) were determined from soil measurements and can be used for field simulations.The conventional saturation-excess model for soil-water percolation was used to predict the movement of water in the top 10 cm of the greenhouse containers and the results agreed well with measurements.     

Compost,Lime, and Rock Phosphate Effects on Organic White Cabbage Growth and Nutrient Uptake

Organic white cabbage response to the application of a source-separated municipal organic-waste compost, lime, and Gafsa phosphate was investigated throughout a randomized block pot experiment under greenhouse conditions. Cabbage yield and nitrogen (N) uptake increased with all fertilizes; however, lime and phosphate effects on cabbage yield were enhanced when the compost was not applied. Phosphate application partially replaced the need for lime, showing that liming has to be estimated based on soil acidity but also on soil P availability and phosphate recommendation. Partitioning of N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) between leaves and roots was held for the benefit of the leaves, but to a lesser extent for P and Ca, compared to for N and K. This study shows the importance of P availability to improve cabbage growth and recommends source-separated organic waste compost to increase soil N availability for organic cabbage.     

加工番茄氮肥用量与氮营养状况诊断研究

通过设置N0(不施氮)、N1(150 kg/hm2)、N2(300 kg/hm2)和N3(450 kg/hm2)4个氮水平的田间小区试验,利用反射仪法对加工番茄新功能叶的叶柄进行硝酸盐测定,并测定地上部分生物量与经济产量,研究叶柄硝酸盐浓度与产量、叶全氮量、植株全氮量、地上部分干物质量等的相关性,建立加工番茄叶柄硝酸盐诊断追肥模型。结果表明,优化施氮处理(N2)经济产量为95 259 kg/hm2,较不施氮处理(N0)增产50 812 kg/hm2,增收14 988元/hm2。各处理加工番茄叶柄硝酸盐浓度随生育期进展呈一致的变化趋势,且叶柄硝酸盐含量在一定范围内随施氮量的增加而增大。加工番茄不同生育时期叶柄硝酸盐浓度与产量均呈显著相关性。经过校检,加工番茄以盛果前期为氮营养诊断时期较为合理,其临界值为4 182 mg/L。同时,初步建立了植株硝酸盐诊断追肥模型。     

不同肥力土壤下施氮量对小麦子粒产量和品质的影响

在高、低两种肥力土壤下,研究了施氮量对小麦子粒产量和综合品质性状的影响。结果表明,在高肥力土壤施氮量对产量的影响呈二次曲线关系,获得小麦高产的适宜施氮量J17为193.0kg/hm2,L21为211.4kg/hm2;在低肥力土壤上,随施氮量的提高子粒产量增加,但施氮量超过300kg/hm2时增产效应下降。施氮能够显著提高小麦子粒的蛋白质、湿面筋含量和沉降值,改变子粒蛋白质和淀粉各组分所占的比例,提高面团吸水率、稳定时间、形成时间和评价值等品质指标,以及有利于小麦粉RVA谱特征值的提高,而且高肥力土壤的效果优于低肥力土壤。表明在高肥力土壤下有利于强筋小麦品质性状的提高。