转化桑叶的毛头鬼伞子实体的降血糖作用

研究了转化桑叶的毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus)子实体对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠体重、血糖、血清胰岛素、肝糖原、果糖胺、血脂代谢、体内氧化压力、肝脏中糖代谢酶活性等的影响.转化桑叶的鸡腿菇子实体提高了单一毛头鬼伞子实体或桑叶的降血糖作用,促进了胰岛素分泌,降低了体内氧化压力,提高了糖代谢的酶活性,但对血脂调节作用不显著.     

西宁毛头鬼伞生境调查及栽培试验

毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comntus)又名鸡腿磨.营养丰富,性平、味甘,有益胃、精神、助食、治痔、降血压的功效;对糖尿病有显著疗效.西宁地区野生毛头鬼伞资源丰富,夏、秋雨后在野外常能采到形如棒槌的毛头鬼伞,为了研究开发这一野生资源,我们对其生态环境进行了调查并做了栽培试验,现介绍如下.     

蘑菇的竞争性杂菌——长根鬼伞

鬼伞类真菌,是蘑菇播种到出菇前后容易发生的一种竞争性杂菌,它包括墨汁鬼伞、毛头鬼伞,粪污鬼伞和长根鬼伞等。本文着重对长根鬼伞的形态特征、发生情况及防治措施作一简单介绍。 (一)形态特征:长根鬼伞(Coprinus macrorhizus)单生,菌盖展开前钟形,宽约1.5     

鸡腿菇液体培养基优化试验研究

鸡腿菇(Coprinus comatus)又名鸡腿蘑,学名毛头鬼伞,隶属于真菌门(Eumycota),担子菌亚门(Basidiomycotina),层菌纲(Hymenomycetes),伞菌目(Agaricales),鬼伞科(Coprinaceae),鬼伞属(Coprinus)[1,2]。鸡腿菇肉质细嫩、鲜美可口、营养丰富[3]。目前,该品种已被定为符合联合国粮农     

烟秆代料栽培毛头鬼伞初探

利用不同比例的烟秆替代常规培养料中的棉籽壳或稻草栽培毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus),结果表明,烟秆可替代棉籽壳或稻草栽培毛头鬼伞,且可促进菌丝生长,缩短生产周期,产量与对照无显著性差异;用25％～50％的烟秆替代棉籽壳的配方栽培毛头鬼伞,得到的子实体产量与质量与对照相当,但能节省原料成本4～8元/m2,具有显著的经济效益.     

适宜人防洞栽培的鸡腿菇菌株筛选初报

鸡腿菇(Coprinus comatus)又名鸡腿蘑,学名毛头鬼伞,属于真菌门,担子菌亚门,层菌纲,伞菌目,鬼伞科,鬼伞属。鸡腿菇肉质细嫩,味道鲜美,营养丰富,是一种高蛋白、低脂肪、低热能的健康食品,深受消费者青睐。但由于我国南方常年气温偏高,鸡腿菇采后不到一天(25℃以上10h以内)子实体     

平菇栽培中鬼伞的预防

平菇栽培期经常发生的鬼伞有长根鬼伞、墨汁鬼伞、粪鬼伞以及毛头鬼伞等四种。鬼伞是高温季节栽培平菇过程中发生较为普通的一类竞争性杂菌，是早秋晚春栽培平菇的一个重要限制因子，轻则减产，重则全面失败。因此，掌握积极有效的防治方法，是提高平菇栽培成功率的关键。     

巴西蘑菇栽培中鬼伞的发生及防治

鬼伞又称野蘑菇,伞菌目鬼伞,是巴西蘑菇早秋栽培中危害较严重的一种竞争性杂菌,危害食用菌的主要有毛头鬼伞、墨汁鬼伞、粪鬼伞和长根鬼伞;都属高温型竞争性杂菌,喜高温、高湿、高氮源的环境。在巴西蘑菇的栽培中鬼伞一旦发生,会与巴西蘑菇竞争营养而造成减产甚至绝产。下面介绍一下巴西蘑菇栽培中鬼伞发生的原因以及我们在本课题放大栽培实践中采取的防治措施。     

毛头鬼伞液体培养条件试验

通过改变毛头鬼伞培养液中黄豆浆浓度、葡萄糖浓度、pH值、培养时间等单个因子,并通过正交实验,对毛头鬼伞在实验室液体培养环境下的生长条件进行研究,确定其液体培养最优生长条件。试验结果表明,毛头鬼伞液体培养菌丝体生长最优培养基配方及生长条件：以25g/1000mL的黄豆为氮源、22．5g/1000mL的葡萄糖为碳源、起始pH为6．0、培养温度为25℃、装液量75mL,250mL、摇瓶转速为150r／min、96h培养。     

草菇大敌鬼伞菌

草菇大敌鬼伞菌５－８月是栽培草菇的黄金季节。草菇历来生物效率（即产量）较低，其中很重要的一个因素就是易遭鬼伞菌的危害。为提高草菇产量，特将鬼伞的种类、危害性状及防洽措施介绍如下。１鬼伞菌的种类鬼伞菌种类很多，常见的有毛头鬼伞、墨汁鬼伞、长根鬼伞和粪鬼...     

樟芝菌丝体发酵全液冻干粉长期食用安全性评估

对樟芝菌丝体发酵全液冻干粉进行大鼠90d安全性评估试验,按樟芝菌丝体发酵液冻干粉量与大鼠体重比,设计低、中、高3个剂量(0.5、1.5、4.5g/kg)。结果表明:试验期间所有动物生长良好,无明显掉毛、行动迟缓、不吃不喝等临床症状,血液学、生物化学、尿常规、主要脏体比及组织学检查结果与对照组相比,均无明显差异。樟芝菌丝体发酵全液冻干粉的无观察危害反应剂量为每天4.5g/kg。     

Observation of blood physiological and biochemical phenotypes in MIJ and HFJ inbred rats

AIM: To identify the phenotypic characteristics of the blood physiological and biochemical parameters in inbred MIJ rats and inbred HFJ rats.METHODS: Twenty-four blood routine parameters and 27 blood biochemical parameters in inbred MIJ rats, inbred HFJ rats and outbred Wistar rats (the original brood stock animal) were measured by XT-1800i automatic blood-cell-counting instrument and HITACHI 7060-020 automatic biochemical analyzer.RESULTS: With some same sex, many blood routine parameters and blood biochemical parameters between HFJ rats and Wistar rats, MIJ rats and Wistar rats, HFJ rats and MIJ rats were different.A few differences were also observed between male and female MIJ rats and between male and female HFJ rats.CONCLUSION: The blood physiological and biochemical phenotypes are different between MIJ and HFJ inbred rats, each with some unique features.     

Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on expression of miR-21/Smad7 and fibrosis in kidney of diabetic rats

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on the kidney of the rats with diabetes mellitus (DM), and to discuss the mechanism. METHODS: The DM rats were divided into normal control (NC) group, DM group and ALA group. After treated with ALA for 6 weeks, the rats were sacrificed to detect the relevant biochemical parameters, and the pathological changes of the kidney tissues were observed by HE staining and Masson staining. The protein levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-1), p-Smad2/3, Smad7, collagen I and collagen Ⅲ were determined by Western blot. In addition, the expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) was detected by RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Compared with NC group, the kidney weight/body weight, blood glucose (BG), total cholesterol, triglyceride and 24-h urine protein were remarkably increased in DM group (P<0.05). The pathological observation of the kidney tissues showed fibrosis changes in DM group. The level of Smad7 was reduced in DM group, while the levels of TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3, collagen I, collagen Ⅲ and miR-21 in the kidney tissues were increased (P<0.05). After treatment with ALA for 6 weeks, all the relevant biochemical parameters were reduced except BG, and the renal fibrosis lesions were obviously alleviated. Compared with DM group, the levels of TGF-1, p-Smad2/3, collagen I, collagen Ⅲ and miR-21 in the kidney tissues were reduced in ALA group, while the level of Smad7 was increased (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: ALA may prevent the development of renal fibrosis in rats through restraining the expression of TGF-β1 and miR-21, increasing the levels of Smad7 protein, and reducing the deposition of extra cellular matrix.     

主动蓄热体内部空气热交换系统的传热性能及参数调控

利用日光温室提供主动蓄热体参数研究所需的环境条件,测试了不同风速、空气温度以及空气-土壤温度差对主动蓄热体内空气-土壤热交换系统的管道内部温度、进出口温差以及蓄放热能力的影响规律,以期获得主动蓄热体内部管道通风系统的传热效率及优化调控参数。结果表明:同一风速条件下,进出口温差随室内空气温度增加而增加。放热阶段,当进风口以风速0.5～4.0m·s^-1运行时,系统放热量随着风速增加而增加,平均放热流量为9.8～73.9 W;蓄热阶段,当进风口以风速0.5～2.0m·s^-1运行时,系统蓄热量随风速增加而增加,平均蓄热流量为21.4～70.2 W,当进风口以风速2.0、4.0m·s^-1运行时,平均蓄热流量仅相差2.7 W,性能系数COP相差不大。同一风速条件下,随着室内空气-土壤温度差值不断增大,进出风口温差也不断增加,同时建议白天风机开启蓄热时设定的室内空气温度最少应该比蓄热体内土壤温度高4.5℃。     

Detecting different levels of drought stress in apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) with selected biochemical and physiological parameters

Rational irrigation scheduling based on sensing drought stress directly in plants is becoming more important due to increasing worldwide scarcity of fresh water supplies. In order to evaluate a set of potential biochemical and physiological stress indicators and select the best drought stress markers in apple trees, two experiments with potted trees and an experiment with intensive orchard grown apple trees ‘Elstar’ and ‘Jonagold Wilmuta’ were conducted in early summer in tree following years. Biochemical parameters: ascorbic acid, glutathione, tocopherols, chlorophylls, carotenoids, free amino acids, soluble carbohydrates, and physiological parameters already known as stress indicators in apple trees: predawn and midday leaf water potential, net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (g_s), transpiration (Tr) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) were measured in leaves of apple trees subjected to different intensities of slowly progressing drought or no drought. Our study pointed out zeaxanthin and glutathione as the best drought stress markers in apple trees. Ascorbate and sorbitol appeared to be reliable indicators of moderate drought only. Responses of other tested biochemical parameters were not consistent enough to prove their role as drought stress markers in apple trees. Relative air humidity should be taken in consideration when physiological parameters g_s, Pn, Tr and Ci are used as drought stress markers in apple trees. Our study revealed that in situations where low relative air humidity affects g_s and with g_s connected physiological parameters, biochemical markers may be better tool for determination of drought stress intensities in apple trees.     

美味侧耳五种酶的同工酶谱在不同菌体组织中的变化

比较了美味侧耳不同菌体组织中５种酶的同工酶谱变化。酯酶（Ｅ５Ｔ）和苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）在子实体中的酶带数和活性均高于液培菌丝。过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）的情况则正好相反。乙醇脱氢酶（ＡＤＨ）和山梨醇脱氢酶（ＳＯＤＨ）的酶带只在子实体中发现。酶谱随子实体部位而变异的进度同酶种类有关，ＰＯＤ变化较大，ＥＳＴ和ＭＤＨ较不明显，ＡＤＨ和ＳＯＤＨ没有变化。本实验结果为今后以这５种酶为生化遗传标记研究美味侧耳提供了基础依据。     

Ethylene sensitivity regulates the wounding response in wild type and never ripe tomatoes

Tomatoes are important sources of vitamins, minerals, and bioactive molecules. The fresh cut industry is interested in including tomatoes among the fresh cut vegetables. The wounds usually induce tissue degradation and release of juice, which can negatively affect quality during storage. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of ethylene in the processed vegetables using the never ripe (Nr) mutant and wild type tomatoes. The ethylene accumulation affected shelf life and quality based on the differential sensitivity of the genotypes to ethylene. Physiological and biochemical parameters related to membrane stability, phospholipases activities, ethylene and carbon dioxide accumulation were investigated in Nr mutant and wild type tomatoes as processed products and whole fruits. Results indicate that ethylene biosynthesis significantly regulates membrane breakdown. Nr tomatoes showed higher membrane stability, higher tolerance to wounding, and lower variability of physiological and biochemical parameters. Hence, this genotype can represent a genetic source of traits that can be exploited in fresh-cut tomato breeding programmes.     

基于RGB模型的苹果叶片叶绿素含量估测

为了快速、无损地获得苹果叶片叶绿素含量与其表面颜色特征之间的关系,为诊断苹果树生理状况提供科学依据。以新梢旺长期的红富士苹果树为研究对象,应用数码相机采集叶片图像,利用图像处理技术,采集叶片图像的红(R)、绿(G)和蓝(B)值,通过运算组合构造颜色特征参数,建立基于苹果叶片颜色特征参数的叶绿素含量估算模型,并对其精度进行评价和验证。结果表明,叶绿素含量敏感的颜色参数分别为B、B/R、B/G、G/(R+G+B)、B/(R+G+B)、(R–B)/(R+B)、(G–B)/(G+B)、(R–B)/(R+G+B)和(G–B)/(R+G+B)值;基于以上9个敏感颜色参数分别建立单变量回归模型和支持向量机回归模型(SVM),估测叶片Chl.a、Chl.b、Chl.(a+b)和SPAD值,其中单变量回归模型决定系数(R~2)均在0.6左右;SVM回归模型的决定系数(R~2)分别为0.8754、0.8374、0.8671和0.8129,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.0194、0.0350、0.0497和0.9281,相对误差(RE)分别为0.8059%、1.7540%、1.1224%和1.1894%,尤以对Chl.a的估测效果最佳,SVM的估测精度高于单变量回归模型。模型验证取自1/4同样本数据,验证结果表明基于SVM的Chl.a稳定性更佳,R~2=0.8275,RMSE=0.0293,RE=1.8529%。应用数码相机并基于RGB颜色模型可快速估测苹果叶片叶绿素含量,可对果园水肥的精确管理提供技术支持。     

Methods of predicting the long-term storage of onions

Certain biochemical and physiological factors have been shown to be related to the time that onions can be kept in long-term cold storage. The amounts of fructose in freshly harvested onions were directly related to the storage duration of the crop, and the weights of their buds (innermost leaf initials and scales) at harvest were inversely related to their storage potential. The activity of alkaline invertase present in the stored bulbs measured in February was directly related to their storage longevity. It was possible from regression lines to predict the storage potential of cv Robusta onions. The inverse relationship of bud weights to storage longevity is less precise for prediction than the direct relationship of the biochemical parameters. Measurements of fructose at harvest and, if necessary, the alkaline invertase in February would yield confirmatory information of the duration of crop storage.