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1.
Lithuania has been undergoing a transition from one political culture (based on a centrally planned economy and a one-party
system) to a radically different political culture (market economy and a democratic political system). After the declaration
of independence in Lithuania, some new phenomena emerged in forestry: the privatisation of forest industry, the formation
of a free timber market; increasing timber export levels; and new modes of ownership (private forests) and enterprise (private
business logging companies). Private forest owners control approximately 680,000 ha of forest, 33% of the total forest area,
projected to increase to 40–45% in the future. Small-scale private forestry is developing in Lithuania but there is a lack
of information about the objectives and problems of private forest owners. This paper presents the main results of a survey
carried out in 2004 by the Lithuanian Forest Research Institute. The most important forest ownership objectives are firewood
production for home consumption, income generation from wood and non-wood product sales, and protection of nature and biodiversity.
The main problems for private forest owners are that the forest properties are too small to achieve efficiency, owners lack
money for silviculture activities and there is a heavy bureaucratic system for forest-related activity documentation. A cluster
analysis of respondents’ ratings of importance for various forest management objectives reveals four groups of private forest
owners. These groups are named according to their dominant management objective, as multi-objective owners, businessmen, consumers
and ecologists. 相似文献
2.
During the first half of the 20th century the Baltic States were independent democratic nations where private forest ownership was practiced. After annexation
to the Soviet Union, individuals in the Baltic States lost their ownership rights and collective ownership was introduced.
Currently, after the break-up of the Soviet Union, the land restitution process in the forest sector is coming to an end and
the ownership pattern as well as tenure rights are settled. A survey was undertaken to investigate the current state of the
private forest sector in general, and the needs and expectations of private forest owners (PFO). Results of the study indicated
that for private forest owners their forests first of all provide aesthetic and environmental protection values. Lithuanian
PFOs lack information of forests and forest management, face extensive bureaucracy and need help in protecting their forests
from fires, diseases and timber thieves. 相似文献