桦褐孔菌菌丝体与子实体蛋白质营养价值评价

采用国际上通用的营养价值评价方法,对桦褐孔菌菌丝体与子实体蛋白质的营养价值进行全面评价。结果表明,桦褐孔菌子实体中蛋白质的氨基酸含量分别比菌丝体和鸡蛋模式高45．9％和49．1％,其菌丝体的氨基酸评分、化学评分、必需氨基酸指数、生物价、营养指数和氨基酸比值系数分分别为75．0,44．5,92．2,88．8,24．7和52．0,营养价值比子实体高。     

梨木屑基质对平菇子实体氨基酸组成及营养价值的影响

以平菇“冀杂26”为试验材料，采用氨基酸定量分析测定方法，研究源于不同梨木屑配方子实体的氨基酸种类及组成，对子实体蛋白质营养价值进行评价比较，以期为高营养价值平菇的栽培提供参考依据。结果表明：4种配方栽培的平菇子实体中均含有17种氨基酸，配方1(梨木屑33%+玉米芯30%+棉籽皮30%+麸皮5%+石膏2%)栽培的平菇子实体中总氨基酸、药用氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸及苦味氨基酸的含量最高，化学评分CS最高。配方2(梨木屑63%+棉籽皮30%+麸皮5%+石膏2%)栽培平菇子实体的蛋白质氨基酸评分(AAS)最高，SRC值、必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)及生物价(BV)最大。配方3(梨木屑63%+玉米芯30%+麸皮5%+石膏2%)栽培的平菇子实体中必需氨基酸总含量最高，营养指数(NI)最大。配方4(梨木屑90%+麸皮8%+石膏2%)栽培的平菇子实体中甜味氨基酸含量最高。化学评分CS、营养指数NI与栽培配方原料中全氮、全磷含量负相关，与铁含量正相关；SRC反之。综上所述，梨木屑与不同原料复配对子实体氨基酸种类、含量及蛋白质营养价值的影响效果不同。     

栽培裂褶菌与野生裂褶菌的营养效价研究

根据国家食品标准,通过测定人工栽培的裂褶菌菌株(LZJ-1、LZJ-5)子实体与野生裂褶菌(SM-1)子实体的蛋白质、灰分、粗脂肪、矿物质、氨基酸等的含量及组成,评价其营养效价。结果表明:3种裂褶菌子实体均含有17种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸7种,脂肪含量低,属于高蛋白、低脂肪类食品;氨基酸配比最为合理的是人工栽培菌株LZJ-5(34.2%、55.7%),比较接近FAO/WHO规定值,为理想蛋白质;氨基酸比值系数LZJ-1的SRC值为77.7%,明显高于SM-1(75.5%)和LZJ-5(75.3%);鲜味氨基酸中特征氨基酸天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸含量较高的为LZJ-1,分别达到1.36%、2.14%,明显高于野生种SM-1(0.72、0.97)。综合结果,LZJ-1营养价值较高。     

真姬菇子实体蛋白质营养价值评价

本文测定了真姬菇子实体蛋白质含量和氨基酸组成，采用国际上通用的营养价值评价方法，对其蛋白质的营养价值进行了全面评价，并与营养价值较高的白灵菇和杏鲍菇蛋白质营养价值进行比较。研究结果表明，真姬菇子实体含有9种人体必需的氨基酸，占其氨基酸总量的38．8％，蛋白质的氨基酸评分(AAS)、化学评分(CS)、必需氮基酸指数(EAAI)、生物价(BV)、营养指数(NI)和氮基酸比值系数分(SRCAA)分别为92．9、85．8、79．3、74．8、25．4和86．6，其中氮基酸评分(AAS)、化学评分(CS)、营养指数(NI)和氨基酸比值系数分(SRCAA)四项指标均比参比食用菌高。结果说明真姬菇子实体蛋白质具有较高的营养价值。     

苹果木屑栽培基质对平菇产量及子实体氨基酸营养价值的影响

以平菇“冀杂26”为栽培品种,研究4种不同栽培配方对产量、氨基酸种类及含量、蛋白质营养价值的影响。结果表明,使用配方2 （苹果木屑63%、棉籽皮30%、麸皮5%、石膏2%）栽培平菇时,其产量最高,与配方1、配方3和配方4相比,产量分别提高16.29%、35.89%和36.17%;子实体的氨基酸比值系数分（SRC）为88.80,表明蛋白质营养价值最高;子实体必需氨基酸中第一限制性氨基酸为亮氨酸,而使用其他3个配方栽培的平菇子实体必需氨基酸中第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸。棉籽皮替代玉米芯,有利于提高产量和子实体中必需氨基酸、总氨基酸、药用氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸的含量及蛋白质的营养价值;苹果木屑替代玉米芯,有利于提高产量和子实体中必需氨基酸、总氨基酸、药用氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、苦味氨基酸、呈味氨基酸的含量及蛋白质营养价值。培养料配方中全钾、全镁的含量与产量正相关,全氮、全镁的含量与SRC呈正相关。     

灰离褶伞子实体营养成分测定与评价

对野生的灰离褶伞子实体营养成分和营养价值进行分析,灰离褶伞子实体中粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、灰分、多糖含量分别为33.46%、7.15%、1.49%、5.85%、9.64%。每100 g蛋白质中氨基酸总量为15.1815 g,必需氨基酸总量6.1093 g,非必需氨基酸总量为9.0722 g,氨基酸评分、化学评分、必需氨基酸指数分别为8.26、5.85、76.4,鲜味氨基酸总量为6.5539 g/100g,EAA/TAA为40.2%,EAA/NEAA比值67.3%,且富含矿质元素和多种维生素。结果表明:灰离褶伞是一种高蛋白、低脂肪、味道鲜美、营养价值极高的珍稀食用菌,具有良好开发利用前景。     

金福菇不同菌株的营养成分分析与评价

对金福菇的5种不同菌株的蛋白质、多糖和氨基酸等营养成分进行分析,并对蛋白质的营养价值进行评价。结果表明,蛋白质含量最高29.8%,氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的百分比最高为45.93%,氨基酸评分(AAS)最高为62.50,化学评分(CS)最高为67.64,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)最高为56.66,营养指数(NI)最高为14.39,是高蛋白、低脂肪,具有很高营养价值的食用菌。     

3种鲜销香菇子实体蛋白质营养价值评价

测定了福建省3个菌株、适宜鲜销的香菇(Lentinus edodes)子实体蛋白质含量、氨基酸含量及其种类,应用化学评分法、氨基酸评分、模糊评价法等6种国际通用的非生物学蛋白质评价方法,对3个香菇菌株的营养价值进行综合评价。结果表明,3个香菇菌株蛋白质含量分别为20.6%、21.4%、24.6%,2号香菇菌株氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量均为最高,分别为16.53%和6.52%;3个香菇菌株均富含谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、赖氨酸等氨基酸,含量较丰富的必需氨基酸为苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸,亮氨酸和赖氨酸,3个香菇菌株的第一限制氨基酸相同,均为为蛋氨酸和胱氨酸。化学评分分别为63.92、63.75、63.44;氨基酸评分分别为82.01、79.51、82.44;3个品种香菇与标准蛋白(全鸡蛋模式)的贴近度分别为0.92、0.92、0.91。     

利用核桃木屑栽培平菇对子实体营养价值的影响

以平菇“冀杂26”为试验材料，研究核桃木屑栽培基质对平菇子实体中营养成分、矿物质元素、氨基酸组成及含量、蛋白质营养价值的影响，并分析基质营养成分含量与各指标的相关性。结果表明核桃木屑有利于提高子实体中蛋白质、钙、铁、苦味氨基酸的含量及呈味氨基酸总量；配方2栽培的平菇子实体氨基酸比值系数分（SRC）最高。基质中全氮、全镁含量与子实体中脂肪、粗多糖、粗纤维、镁、铜、锌、铁的含量正相关；基质中全钾含量与子实体中碳水化合物、灰分和维生素C含量正相关；基质中全锌含量与子实体中必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、总氨基酸、药用氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸含量正相关；基质中有机碳含量与子实体中蛋白质、镁、铜、锌、铁含量及SRC正相关。     

不同来源海绵胶煤炱菌子实体营养成分的比较分析

以野生采集、实验室培养及商品流通海绵胶煤炱菌(Scorias spongiosa)子实体为试验材料,对其基本营养成分、氨基酸组成和金属元素等进行分析和评价。结果显示海绵胶煤炱菌基本营养成分和蛋白质含量较高,粗纤维含量较低,是一种易于消化且具有较高营养价值的食用菌。K、Fe、Ca、Zn和Mg等大量及微量金属元素含量丰富。氨基酸种类丰富且鲜味氨基酸含量高,必需氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值均符合FAO/WHO对理想蛋白质的定义要求。同时,实验室培养子实体可通过控制培养条件实现营养含量优化并控制重金属污染,具有良好经济及开发价值。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.