骨代谢标志物研究进展

体液中骨代谢生化标志物的检测不仅反映动物体内成骨细胞和破骨细胞的活性,而且为骨代谢变化的评估、监测提供了新的手段。骨代谢标志物包括特异性酶标志物、骨形成代谢产物标志物、骨吸收代谢产物标志物。本文对骨代谢标志物的研究进行了综述。     

骨代谢相关血液生化指标的研究进展

骨代谢包括骨合成和骨吸收两个过程。受到很多因素的影响,遗传、营养、环境、性别及内分泌等都是关键调节因素。当骨吸收过程大于骨合成过程,导致骨量流失,骨密度降低,进一步发展为骨质疏松症。骨代谢过程受到内分泌的影响,很多骨代谢血液生化指标对骨病的研究起到重要作用。近年来,国内外大量的研究报道了与骨代谢相关的血液生化指标。作者着重对血钙与血磷、甲状旁腺激素、1,25-二羟维生素D₃、白细胞介素、血清总碱磷酶和骨碱磷酶等骨代谢血液生化指标对骨形成和分解的影响进行了综述。     

甲状旁腺激素对骨代谢相关基因调控的研究进展

骨代谢包括骨形成和骨吸收两个过程。甲状旁腺激素是骨形成和骨重建过程中一个重要的调节因子,甲状旁腺激素通过G蛋白偶联受体、甲状旁腺激素/甲状旁腺激素相关肽受体的活动调节骨代谢。近年来甲状旁腺激素显著的临床效果,为骨骼合成代谢药物在骨质疏松症的治疗上开辟了一个新时代。作者主要综述了甲状旁腺激素在骨代谢中的作用机制及相关调控基因的作用。     

铅对骨骼毒性的作用机制研究进展

铅（plumbum,Pb）在自然界中广泛分布,铅及其多数化合物是一种不可降解的环境污染物,可通过废水、废气、废渣大量流入环境,产生环境污染及健康危害。随着都市化、现代化进程的加快,铅已经成为生活中最常见的化学污染物。近年来,铅与骨骼方面的疾病越来越受到人们的关注,铅对骨骼损伤机理的相关研究也不断深入。资料表明,铅对骨骼的毒性可能是通过损伤内分泌器官而间接影响激素合成干扰钙磷代谢和影响骨矿物代谢,阻碍骨骼发育或通过毒化细胞和影响钙信使系统活性部位中的钙而直接干扰骨细胞的功能。文章就铅对钙磷代谢、碱性磷酸酶和骨钙素及成骨细胞凋亡相关基因表达的影响进行了综述,为生产实践和研究提供参考资料。     

肠道菌群对骨代谢影响的研究进展

肠道菌群是一个由微生物组成的复杂生态系统,能够将进入肠道的营养物质转化为机体正常生长发育所需的物质。肠道菌群对于动物机体保持正常的物质消化、营养吸收、能量转化和代谢功能具有关键作用。近年来,肠道菌群对动物机体骨骼发育的影响及作用机制受到了广泛关注。从肠道菌群在动物机体营养物质吸收、免疫、内分泌功能中的作用以及肠道菌群代谢产物的作用等方面综述肠道菌群对骨代谢的影响和机制,以期为丰富动物骨骼疾病的预防和治疗方法提供参考。     

铅暴露对动物肠道营养物质吸收及生产性能的影响

铅是一种常见的灰黑色重金属元素,在动物体内没有任何生理作用.动物体原本不应该含有铅,只是随着现代工业的发展,含铅产品的广泛使用,以及环境污染的日趋严重使饲料原料中含铅的机会越来越多.在畜禽生产中铅污染还未受到重视,然而研究显示较低剂量的铅就可能造成动物肠道损伤,降低畜禽的生产性能和肉蛋品质.本文从铅暴露对动物肠道吸收的影响的角度,分析铅暴露是如何降低动物生产性能,寄予能为动物养殖提供有利借鉴.     

骨疏康对蛋鸡骨代谢的影响

为研究中药骨疏康对蛋鸡骨代谢的影响，选择90只58周龄的蛋鸡，随机分为3组。对照组饲喂基础日粮，骨疏康组在基础日粮中添加1％的骨疏康，依普拉芬组在基础日粮中添加25mg／kg的依普拉芬。试验为期90d。结果显示，与对照组比较，骨疏康组和依普拉芬组血清Ca、P、AKP、TRACP、BGP水平显著降低，肱骨、胫骨、股骨的骨指数、骨放射密度、皮质骨厚度、皮质骨面积、皮质骨面积比例以及血清中IGF-1水平显著升高，而骨疏康组与依普拉芬组之间无显著差异，表明骨疏康能显著抑制产蛋后期蛋鸡的骨吸收，促进骨形成，改善骨代谢。     

应激对肉鸡生长发育和骨代谢影响的研究进展

随着规模化、集约化肉鸡养殖的迅速发展,应激已成为影响肉鸡生产的一个重要因素。为了进一步研究应激对肉鸡机体尤其是骨代谢的影响机理,文章阐述了应激以及肉鸡产生应激的条件和因素,并就应激对肉鸡内分泌系统及生长发育的影响,以及目前应激在骨代谢方面的研究情况进行综述。     

钙磷代谢对动物骨骼健康影响的研究进展

骨骼构成机体结构的基本框架,骨形成和骨吸收的动态平衡关系到骨骼健康。钙和磷是动物体骨骼生长发育过程中重要的矿物质元素,机体对其吸收与调控直接影响骨代谢过程。血钙和血磷水平的变化,改变了机体相关调节激素的分泌,而这些激素可影响骨骼发育,因此,钙、磷代谢与骨骼健康紧密相关。综合国内外钙、磷代谢和骨代谢等方面的研究,从钙、磷的吸收和代谢,含量和比例以及钙磷代谢相关调节激素对骨骼发育的调控机制等方面进行综述,旨在为后续动物钙、磷代谢和骨骼之间调控的研究提供参考。     

低氮日粮对育成绒山羊钙代谢相关生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究低氮日粮对育成绒山羊钙代谢相关生化指标的影响.选用30只阿尔巴斯白绒山羊育成羊,按体重随机分为3组,即低氮组(CP:7.5％)、中氮组(CP:10.5％)和高氮组(CP:13.5％),每个处理组10只羊.预试期15 d,正试期42 d.结果表明:(1)日粮蛋白水平对育成绒山羊日增重无显著影响,中氮组和低氮组...     

丁酸梭菌对肉鸡钙磷代谢和胫骨指标的影响

试验通过在基础日粮中添加丁酸梭菌,研究其对肉鸡钙磷代谢和胫骨指标的影响。选择1日龄180只健康AA肉鸡,随机分入3个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,分别为对照组、抗生素组（ATB）和丁酸梭菌组（CB）。对照组饲喂基础日粮,ATB组在基础日粮中添加5 mg/kg黄霉素、75 mg/kg金霉素和20 mg/kg吉他霉素,CB组在基础日粮中添加2.5×10⁸ CFU/kg丁酸梭菌,试验期42 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,①CB组肉鸡血清钙（Ca）、磷（P）含量差异不显著（P>0.05）,21日龄ATB组肉鸡血清钙含量显著提高（P<0.05）;②21日龄CB组肉鸡胫骨强度显著提高（P<0.05）;42日龄CB组肉鸡胫骨磷含量极显著提高（P<0.01）;③21日龄CB组肉鸡排泄物中磷含量极显著降低（P<0.01）,并与ATB组无显著差异;42日龄CB组肉鸡排泄物中钙含量极显著提高（P<0.01）,排泄物中磷含量显著提高（P<0.05）。综合上述结果,在AA肉鸡基础日粮中添加2.5×10⁸ CFU/kg丁酸梭菌有利于改善肉鸡的胫骨发育,改善肉鸡对钙、磷的吸收利用,能有效降低21日龄肉鸡钙、磷排泄量,但并未降低42日龄肉鸡排泄物中钙、磷含量。     

Effects of Clostridium butyricum on Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism and Tibia Indexes of Broilers

The effects of Clostridium butyricum on calcium and phosphorus metabolism and tibia indexes in broiler chickens were evaluated in this study.One hundred eighty 1-day-old healthy Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly allotted to three groups:the control group,antibiotic group and Clostridium butyricum group with six replicates per group and 10 chickens per replicate.The broilers in control group were fed with the basic diet,while the antibiotic group was fed with 5 mg/kg of flavomycin,75 mg/kg of aureomycin and 20 mg/kg of kitasamycin.Clostridium butyricum group was fed with 2.5×10⁸ CFU/kg Clostridium butyricum in the basic diet for 42 days.The results showed that:Compared with the control group,①the supplementation of Clostridium butyricum did not significantly affect serum calcium and phosphorus level of broilers (P>0.05),and adding antibiotic significantly increased serum calcium level of 21-day-old broilers(P<0.05).②The addition of Clostridium butyricum increased tibia strength at 21-day-old (P<0.05),and phosphorus content of tibia at 42-day-old (P<0.01).③The supplementation of Clostridium butyricum extremely significantly decreased the phosphorus content in feces of 21-day-old broilers (P<0.01),and had no significant difference with ATB group (P>0.05).The supplementation of Clostridium butyricum increased calcium content (P<0.01) and phosphorus content (P<0.05) in feces of 42-day-old broilers.Based on the above results,adding 2.5×10⁸ CFU/kg Clostridium butyricum could improve the tibia development,increase the absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorus by broilers,and efficiently reduce the calcium and phosphorus excretion of 21-day-old broilers,but not for 42-day-old broilers.     

Response of Biochemical Markers of Bone Metabolism to Exercise Intensity in Thoroughbred Horses

We studied the response of biochemical markers of bone metabolism to exercise intensity in horses. Four horses were walked on a mechanical walker for one week (pre-exercise). Then they performed low-speed exercise on a high-speed treadmill in the first week and medium-speed exercise in the second week and high-speed exercise in the third week of training. We measured two indices of bone resorption, serum hydroxyproline concentration and the urinary deoxypyridinoline/creatinine ratio, and serum osteocalcin (OC) concentration as an index of bone formation. Both indices of bone resorption gradually decreased during the experiment. Serum OC concentration did not change in the first week but was significantly lower in the second and the third weeks compared to in the pre-exercise period and in the first week. These results suggest that the low-speed exercise decreased bone resorption but did not affect bone formation, which possibly results in increasing bone mineral content and strengthening of bones. The high-speed exercise decreased bone formation and bone resorption, i.e., bone turnover was suppressed. The low-speed exercise may be preferable for increasing bone mineral content.     

锌参与动物骨代谢机理的研究进展

本文就锌参与动物骨细胞核酸和蛋白质的代谢，调节生长因子的活性，参与骨折愈合，锌与骨质疏松的关系及锌对成骨和破骨细胞的影响等进行了综述，并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

Effects of Four Kinds of Diets on Nutrient Digestion,Metabolism and Blood Biochemical Indexes of One-year-old Yili Horse

Effects of four kinds of diets on nutrient digestion and metabolism and blood biochemical indexes of one-year-old Yili horse were studied in this experiment.16 health horses(all males) with an average body weight of (227.38±16.48)kg and similar age (one-year old) were used in a staging and grouping experiment design.First stage had groupsⅠ and Ⅱ,second stage had groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ.The horses of group Ⅰ were fed with alfalfa 8 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 0 kg/d; The horses of group Ⅱ were fed with alfalfa 7 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 1 kg/d;The horses of group Ⅲ were fed with alfalfa 6.3 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 1.7 kg/d;The horses of group Ⅳ were fed with alfalfa 5.6 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 2.4 kg/d.Each stage lasted for 21 d (15 d pretrial period and 6 d trial period).The results showed that the digestibility of DM,OM,CP and P were increased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate,while the digestibility of NDF,ADF and Ca showed downtrend.DE and ME were significantly increased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate (P > 0.05).N retention and retention rate showed an increasing tendency,N retention and retention rate of groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ were extremely significant higher than those in group Ⅰ (P < 0.01).Ca retention and retention rate decreased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate,and Ca retention and retention rate of group Ⅰ were extremely significant higher than those in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P < 0.01).P retention was extremely significant increased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate (P < 0.01).There were no significant difference in the content of TP among all trial groups (P > 0.05),but the content of BUN in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were lower than those in group Ⅰ (P > 0.05).Thus,comprehensive nutrient digestion and metabolism,blood biochemical indicators of four of kinds diets in one-year-old Yili horse,the requirement of crude protein,digestible protein,metabolizable energy,digestible energy were 14.28,9.16 g/(kg·BW) and 1.74,1.41 MJ/(kg·BW),respectively.