牛肝门静脉系统和肝静脉系统

以铸型方法及实体解剖观察了牛肝内门静脉分支和肝静脉的属支,发现牛门静脉的分支与人、猪、兔、羊等相似。门静脉左支发出左个侧叶背、腹侧静脉、左内侧叶内、外侧静脉、尾状叶支组和方叶支组;右支发出右内侧叶静脉、右外侧叶静脉及尾状突静脉。肝大静脉有肝左、肝中、肝右静脉三支。与兔、猪、羊的肝大静脉相比,牛肝脏愈合的程度要明显。此外,对血管分支的名称、肝内分部、尾状突肝静脉的位置、牛肝的外形分部作了讨论     

猫肝外门静脉分流的诊断与治疗

体重为1.7 kg的4月龄英国短毛公猫,免疫完全,定时体内外驱虫.就诊期间表现为精神沉郁、低烧、流涎的症状,进行保守内科治疗但症状未见明显改善,并进一步出现癫痫、视力障碍等症状.采用血液学检查、影像学检查以及CT血管造影方法进行进一步检查诊断,确诊为猫单一性肝外门静脉分流.实行外科手术放置缩窄环,缓慢封闭分流的血管.术...     

家禽系统临诊概述

对家禽系统临床症状诊断进行了阐述.指出群体临床症状诊断主要是从精神、营养、饮欲、食欲、粪便等方面进行;家禽的个体临床症状诊断主要是从营养、体温、可视黏膜、皮毛、消化系统、呼吸系统、神经系统等,进行综合临床症状的诊断.     

新的家禽屠宰检测系统问世

为了完善检测系统,这套体系已在过去的10年里在许多商业屠宰场进行了测试。最近一次检测是由在美国农业部农业研究服务局(ARS)和马里兰州感应实验室的陈玉仁和他的同事在一家商业屠宰场进行的。此次试验与位于佐治亚州世界上最大的家禽屠宰加工设备生产商Stork-Gamco公司合作。经由美国农业部的兽医专家修正,这一检测系统的准确率可达92%～95%。农业研究服务局与Stork-Gamco公司有合作研究和在美国的300多家家禽屠宰场采用此套检测系统的协议。这套系统可以迅速诊断出所有生理或非微生物性的异常。这套系统的工作原理是:当屠宰线上悬挂的…     

家禽蛋内壳膜厚度的组织学测定

本文利用组织学方法测定了鸡、鸭、鹅、家鸽和鹌鹑五种家禽蛋内壳膜（内、外膜）的厚度，其顺序为：鹅＞鸭＞鹌鹑＞家鸽，其蛋壳膜厚度与蛋白与蛋的大小及蛋壳强度存在着一定的相关。     

家禽系统临诊概述

对家禽系统临床症状诊断进行了阐述。指出群体临床症状诊断主要是从精神、营养、饮欲、食欲、粪便等方面进行;家禽的个体临床症状诊断主要是从营养、体温、可视黏膜、皮毛、消化系统、呼吸系统、神经系统等,进行综合临床症状的诊断。     

家禽常见疾病及防控

家禽养殖的广泛化和密集化导致家禽疾病越发严重,呈混感并发趋势,同时由于养殖环境不规范、病原体的变异等因素导致家禽疾病向多样化和复杂化的方向不断发展,家禽常见疾病的防治成为现代疾病防控中的重要一环。该文从家禽疾病的常见种类、家禽疾病的防控等2方面进行分析与研究,相关部门和农户重视家禽疾病及防控,并采取相关措施进行防治预防。     

家禽基因组研究

本文从方法学和应用效果两方面概要评述了针对家禽(尤其是鸡)的重要经济性状改良的基因组研究,包括基因组分析的内容及其对家禽育种的作用、鸡的基因组概述、鸡的微卫星标记、鸡数量性状位点(QTL)检测检测的试验设计及其研究进展.     

家禽疑似肉毒中毒症的诊断与防治

近年来,许多农村养殖专业户从便池捞取蝇蛆或动物尸体、粪便,或用肉联厂、屠宰场下脚料,腐鱼等培育蝇蛆来喂养鸡鸭,给肉毒梭菌生长繁殖产生毒素创造了条件,从而导致鸡鸭发生肉毒梭菌毒素中毒症而大量死亡,造成严重的经济损失。 据不完全统计,1993～1994年两年内全市共有47户采用蝇蛆饲喂鸡鸭,有29户发生本病。发病鸡鸭共892只,死亡724只,致死率为85.9％。     

饲粮外源代谢葡萄糖水平对仔猪门静脉回流组织氨基酸利用的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮外源代谢葡萄糖(MG)水平对断奶仔猪门静脉回流组织(PDV)氨基酸利用量的影响。选择20头健康状况良好、体重在7.74 kg左右的25日龄杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪,分为4个处理组,每组5个重复,给每头猪的门静脉、颈动脉和肠系膜静脉安装血管插管,并安装T型回肠瘘管。待仔猪术后恢复正常后,4组分别饲喂MG水平为22.82%、26.59%、36.37%、42.41%的等能、等氮的玉米-豆粕型饲粮,每种饲粮添加0.1%的二氧化钛(TiO2)作外源指示剂。术后3 d,从肠系膜静脉持续灌注对氨基马尿酸(PAH),并从门静脉和颈动脉采血,并且在回肠段收集食糜。结果表明:仔猪PDV氨基酸利用量随着MG水平增加呈先上升后下降的趋势;PDV对17种氨基酸的利用量均在饲粮MG水平为26.59%时达到最大值;必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、生糖氨基酸、支链氨基酸也在饲粮MG水平为26.59%时达到最大值(P<0.05)。可见,饲粮适宜MG水平能够显著增加小肠氨基酸消失量和门静脉氨基酸净吸收量,从而显著提高仔猪PDV对饲粮蛋白质的利用效率。     

Dual-phase CT Angiography of the Normal Canine Portal and Hepatic Vasculature

A dual-phase computed tomography (CT) angiographic technique was developed to image the hepatic and portal vascular systems using a nonselective peripheral injection of contrast medium. The arterial phase of the dual-phase scan imaged the hepatic arteries and veins, and the portal phase imaged the portal vein as well as its tributaries and branches. There were three steps involved in acquiring the dual-phase scan: a survey helical scan for orientation, a dynamic scan for timing, and finally the dual-phase helical scan. Five normal dogs were imaged using a helical scan technique. The timing of the arterial and portal phases of the scan was calculated using time vs. attenuation graphs generated from a dynamic scan. The median time of appearance of contrast medium in the cranial abdominal aorta was 8.6 s and the median time of appearance of contrast medium in the hepatic artery occurred 0.4 s later. The median time of peak enhancement in the cranial abdominal aorta was 12.0 s. The median time of appearance of contrast medium in the portal vein was 14.6 s and median time of peak enhancement was 33.0 s. The dual-phase scans provided excellent vascular opacification. The hepatic arteries, hepatic veins, cranial and caudal mesenteric veins, splenic vein, gastroduodenal vein, and portal vein branches were all consistently well defined. Dual-phase CT angiography is a minimally invasive technique which provides an excellent three-dimensional representation of portal and hepatic vascular anatomy.     

藏鸡的现状及利用

藏鸡是一种体型较小、胸腿发达、快羽 ,适宜于高寒、低压、缺氧高海拔地区的地方优良品种 ,素以觅食能力强 ,极耐粗放 ,体小肉多、肉质细嫩鲜美而著称 ,是高海拔地区养禽业中的当家品种。针对藏鸡生产、繁育的现状和不足 ,分析其制约因素 ,研究搞好藏鸡繁育与饲养的综合配套技术以及藏鸡可持续开发利用的战略对策 ,无疑具有现实的指导意义和长远的理论意义     

The Afferent Venous Vessels to the Liver and the Intrahepatic Portal Distribution in the Fowl

The afferent veins to the liver of 325 adult fowls belonging to ten breeds were investigated by celluloid and neoprene latex casts, and venography. The author elucidates macroscopically the basic pattern of the hepatic portal vein. The right and left portal veins ramify the main branches to the liver, therefore, the intrahepatic distribution is divided into the two portal territories varying in relative size, but this change relates to the development of the medial branch from the right portal vein and the presence of the hepatic fissure.     

鸡蛋壳的超微结构研究

本研究采用高分辨率的扫描电镜观察海赛克斯鸡蛋壳的超微结构,详细分析了其结构模式。蛋壳从内到外包括壳膜、锥体层、柱状层、表面晶体层、覆盖层五部分。同时研究结果表明,鸡蛋壳强度的大小可能与壳膜层壳膜的厚度,壳膜纤维的粗细,锥体层乳头间的空隙大小以及覆盖层上裂隙的深浅和数量有关。     

糖萜素的生物学功能及其在家禽生产中的应用

糖萜素具有促进动物生长,提高动物免疫机能和改善畜产品品质等功效。本文论述了糖萜素的生物学功能进行了阐述,并就其在鸡生产上的应用进行了综述。糖萜素作为安全高效的营养性饲料添加剂,具有广阔的应用前景,可以广泛地应用于鸡生产中。     

家禽卵泡颗粒细胞体外培养方法研究进展

家禽卵巢中颗粒细胞在卵泡发育和闭锁中起着重要作用,包括信号传递、营养供给以及离子平衡等。卵泡颗粒细胞的增殖与分化自身也受到生殖激素和细胞因子的综合调节,其作用机制是当前研究热点。家禽卵泡颗粒细胞的体外培养可作为研究繁殖生理调节的理想细胞模型。本文对家禽卵泡颗粒细胞的体外培养研究现状及颗粒细胞在卵泡生长发育和闭锁中的作用进行简要概述,并总结了原代颗粒细胞体外培养模型的建立方法。     

屏边大围山原鸡染色体核型分析

采用直接骨髓法制备云南屏边大围山原鸡染色体,并对其进行核型研究,结果表明,屏边大围山原鸡染色体数目2n=78, 前10对为大染色体,后29对为微小染色体,性染色体为ZZ(♂)／ZW(♀)型;根据前5对染色体相对长度、臂比值及着丝点指数的测量结果,各染色体的形态为：1号、2号和Z染色体为中央着丝粒（m）染色体,3号为端着丝粒（t）染色体,4号为亚中央着丝粒（sm）染色体。     

Hepatic ultrasonography in three breeds of healthy calves: Nellore,Curraleiro Pe-duro and Pantaneiro

An ultrasonography was performed in 21 healthy male calves of Nellore (n = 8), Curraleiro Pe-duro (n = 7) and Pantaneiro (n = 6) breeds, between 8 and 12 months, with the objective to display information about size, position and ultrasonographic parenchymal patterns of the liver, in addition to the topography of the gallbladder, right kidney and major vessels. The measurements used were dorsal margin distance (DMD) and ventral margin distance (VMD) of the liver, viewable extension (VE) of the liver, the caudal vena cava (CVC), width (CVCW) and depth (CVCD) and the portal vein (PV), width (PVW) and depth (PVD). The measures DMD, VMD and VE were similar, and the organ’s longest visible extension was in 11th ICS. CVC was more frequently observed in the 11th and 10th ICS, despite being visible from the 12th to the 9th ICS in Nellore and still 8th ICS in Curraleiro Pe-duro and Pantaneiro. CVCD was lower in the 10th and 9th ICS in Nellore. The PV presented higher observation frequency in the 10th ICS. The measures PVD and PVW were higher in Nellore in the 11th, 10th and 9th ICS. To our knowledge, this report is the first to document ultrasonographic findings in three healthy calves. Considering the three breeds, the results show no differences in the ultrasonographic features as regard to the measurements and visualization of the position, size and vasculature of the liver and there was no additional information about the topography of the gallbladder and the right kidney.     

球虫消杀剂预防鸡球虫病的使用效果试验

本试验旨在得到球虫消杀剂在临床使用时的合适浓度。选择球虫发病较严重的鸡舍进行试验,分别用1∶25、1∶50和1∶100的球虫消杀剂消毒,密闭作用24 h,以不用球虫消杀剂处理的鸡舍作为对照,每种处理设两个重复。结果表明：1∶25和1∶50处理组料肉比与对照组相比差异显著（P〈0.05）,1∶100处理组与对照组相比差异不显著（P≥0.05）;球虫消杀剂各浓度处理组死亡率均小于对照组;1∶25和1∶50处理组在出栏时垫料中检出少量卵囊,但远低于对照组。各浓度球虫消杀剂处理组病变记分均小于平均值,而对照组处于平均值和高于平均值。结果提示,1∶50球虫消杀剂对球虫卵囊有着良好的杀灭作用。