中国兽药典委员会办公室声明

近来有读者向本办公室投诉,有人以“中国兽药典委员会委托发行兽药典”名义发行盗版2005年版《中华人民共和国兽药典》。本办公室特此郑重敬告广大读者,《中华人民共和国兽药典》系中国兽药典委员会公开出版发行的读物,授权本办公室(中国兽医药品监察所)独家包销,各省级兽药监察所代理销售。我们没有也不会委托其他任何单位和个人发行2005年版《中华人民共和国兽药典》。凡不是从上述明确的销售单位购得的2005年版《中华人民共和国兽药典》及其配套丛书,均不可能是正版兽药典。对因购得盗版兽药典而产生的对兽药标准理解有误,从而导致经济损…     

2005版《中国药典》介绍和2005版《中国兽药典》展望

药典和兽药典分别是国家管理药品和兽药的重要技术规范，具有不可替代的作用。2005版《中国药典》已经出版发行，对药品相关企业以及兽药企业必将产生相当程度的影响。2005版《中国兽药典》也在紧锣密鼓的编辑过程中，这是所有兽药生产、科研企业或者监督管理部门应该关心的。本文作者长期从事新药研究和药品质量标准的制定工作。笔者通过对2005版《中国药典》进行系统研究，比较这一版药典出现的新变化，为药品或者兽药生产和检验人员提供参考；2005版《中国兽药典》计划在2005年底出版，笔者根据自己的经验，对即将推出的《中国兽药典》进行展望和分析，希望能够为兽药生产、科研和质量管理工作提供借鉴。     

《中国兽药典》第一版审评工作顺利完成

中国兽药典委员会一届二次会议于1988年11月16日至20日在北京举行。代表们对制定我国第一版兽药典的工作表现了极大的热情,顺利地完成了第一版《中国兽药典》的审评工作。农业部副部长、中国兽药典委员会主任委员刘江在开幕式上指出:制定《中国兽药典》是兽药标准化和贯彻《兽药管理条例》的一件大事。这次我国第一版兽药典的制定工作得到了各省市农牧行政部门、兽药监察所、兽药生产厂、科研及大专院校等单位的大力支持,为此,刘江代表农业部、兽药典委员会向各位委员和为编写这版兽药典作出过贡献的同志们表示衷心     

兽医药品与科学发展论坛主题报告之三——解读新版《中国兽药典》

一、兽药典的地位和作用 （一）兽药典概述我国第一部兽药典是农业部1991年发布的1990年版《中国兽药典》，其后出版了2000年版和2005年版。在1991年以前，兽药行业除执行《兽药规范》和《兽用生物制品规程》等专业标准外，很多品种必须执行《中国药典》的规定。     

兽医药品与科学发展论坛主题报告之三解读新版《中国兽药典》

一、兽药典的地位和作用 (一)兽药典概述 我国第一部兽药典是农业部1991年发布的1990年版《中国兽药典》,其后出版了2000年版和2005年版.在1991年以前,兽药行业除执行《兽药规范》和《兽用生物制品规程》等专业标准外,很多品种必须执行《中国药典》的规定.直到今天,药典的许多原则,依然是我们编撰兽药典的重要参考.新中国成立后,我国相继出版了共8版药典.事实上,许多国家直到目前还将人药典和兽药典合编在一起.     

商情新闻

我国将编制新版中国兽药典 为适应我国畜牧养殖业发展的需要,农业部将编制第三版《中华人民共和国兽药典》,农业部副部长齐景发任中国兽药典第三届委员会主任委员,新版中国兽药典将于2005年颁布实施。第三版中国兽药典     

第四届中国兽药典委员会成立

6月27～28日．第四届中国兽药典委员会成立大会在京召开，农业部副部长尹成杰强调，要切实做好新形势下兽药标准化工作．认真宣传贯彻2005年版《中国兽药典》．扎实推进2010年版《中国兽药典》编纂工作。     

第四届中国兽药典委员会成立

6月27～28日，第四届中国兽药典委员会成立大会在京召开，农业部副部长尹成杰强调，要切实做好新形势下兽药标准化工作，认真宣传贯彻2005年版《中国兽药典》，扎实推进2010年版《中国兽药典》编纂工作。     

诠释新版《中国兽药典》

2005年版《中国兽药典》已于2005年12月21日经农业部批准发布．于2006年7月1日正式实施．与2000年版兽药典相比。新版兽药典在编制体例、收载品种和检测方法方面，有了较大的改进。为方便全国兽药生产企业、经营企业和兽药使用者了解新兽药典的特点．特作如下介绍。     

2010年版《中国兽药典》编制工作会议召开

根据2010年版《中国兽药典》编制方案及有关工作安排,近日,中国兽药典委员会化学药品专业委员会在北京召开了2010年版《中国兽药典》编制工作会议。会议由中国兽药典委员会办公室主任董义春主持,中国兽医药品监察所副所长冯忠泽到会并作了讲话。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.