拔棉柴机的设计研究

随着棉花种植面积的扩大,拔棉柴已成为农村一项较重的劳动,农民迫切需要性能优良的拔棉柴机。针对目前拔棉柴机工作效率低、漏拔率高、拔断率高、易拥堵、适应性差的问题,我们研究设计了性能优良的拔棉柴机,采用了V型齿盘式拔棉柴器、弹性浮动式的夹持装置和水平拔拉的工作原理。实验表明:该机在茎杆直径为10～25mm,机组以2m/s工作速度工作时,拔净率达到96%,拔断率为2%,作业性能满足农艺要求,完全可以量产和推广。     

烟草生产全程机械化作业研究

为了探索烟叶生产过程中各机械的性能及工作效率,2013年在福建省建阳市莒口镇河坝新村开展了烟叶生产全程机械化作业试点研究。结果表明,起垄环节,碎土率方面邵武华友履带式起垄机表现最好（89.9%）,沟底积土方面松溪永顺表现最好;覆膜环节,各测试机型表现中等,在效率方面优于人工覆膜;移栽环节,漏栽率上江苏久泰移栽机高于江苏井关移栽机;培土环节,漳州南冠培土机操作简便,掉头灵活,单人操作,单行双侧作业,深受烟农喜爱;拔杆环节,龙岩诚德拔杆机单人操作,操作简便,动力较足,拔杆顺畅,拔杆带土较少,效果较好,适应性较强。     

烟草生产全程机械化作业研究

为了探索烟叶生产过程中各机械的性能及工作效率,2013年在福建省建阳市莒口镇河坝新村开展了烟叶生产全程机械化作业试点研究。结果表明,起垄环节,碎土率方面邵武华友履带式起垄机表现最好(89.9%),沟底积土方面松溪永顺表现最好;覆膜环节,各测试机型表现中等,在效率方面优于人工覆膜;移栽环节,漏栽率上江苏久泰移栽机高于江苏井关移栽机;培土环节,漳州南冠培土机操作简便,掉头灵活,单人操作,单行双侧作业,深受烟农喜爱;拔杆环节,龙岩诚德拔杆机单人操作,操作简便,动力较足,拔杆顺畅,拔杆带土较少,效果较好,适应性较强。     

一种刨刀式烟草拔杆机的设计

阐述了一种刨刀式烟草拔杆机的工作原理和结构;通过对烟草田间作业拔杆农艺的收集,总结了烟草拔杆的一般规律,确定了刨刀式烟草拔杆机的结构及工作原理;根据其工作原理确定了主要工作部件的技术参数。根据主要技术参数,设计了烟草拔杆机的主要部件——刨刀装置、烟杆导向装置等。通过样机的试制和生产性试验发现,该样机具有良好的工作性能和拔杆效果,同时具有使用方便、操作简单、维护方便等优点。     

翰迪尔7260牵引式摘棉机

目前,棉花种植者已经意识到：要解决人工摘棉费用不断上涨的问题,必须使用机械进行收获。世界上许多棉花种植国家,都在寻找一种能够达到与大型自走式摘棉机一样采净率水平的小型摘棉机,同时机器价格不昂贵,小户农民或者几户农民联户投资能够承担得起。     

约翰迪尔7260牵引式摘棉机

目前，棉花种植者已经意识到：要解决人工摘棉费用不断上涨的问题，必须使用机械进行收获。世界上许多棉花种植国家，都在寻找一种能够达到与大型自走式摘棉机一样采净率水平的小型摘棉机，同时机器价格不昂贵，小户农民或者几户农民联户投资能够承担得起。     

漂浮育棉苗拔取力学特性分析与试验

为了减少棉苗机械移栽过程中对棉苗的伤根伤苗，对漂浮育棉苗取苗过程进行力学分析，建立拔苗力学模型。分析和计算发现，拔苗角度与夹持位置是影响拔苗力大小、断根长度及基质脱落量的主要因素。试验结果表明：拔苗角度α=0°、夹持位置位移s=0为拔苗最佳状态，此时棉苗所受拔苗力、断根长度及基质脱落质量最小，即对棉苗的损伤最小。     

小型履带自走式拔棉秆机的研制

为减轻棉农的劳动强度,提高拔棉秆的效率,通过对南方地区棉田环境以及拔棉秆农艺要求的分析,设计并制造了一种小型履带自走式拔棉秆机。该拔棉秆机拔秆机构选取前置悬挂式,根据提辊式拔秆原理,反转旋转辊刀将棉秆从棉田中拔出。拔棉秆机的试验结果表明:在拔棉秆机旋转辊刀的转速为415r·min-1,拔棉秆机的前进速度为0.80m·s-1的工况下,生产效率为0.29hm2·h-1,棉秆拔净率为95.2%,拔棉浅耕耕深为12cm左右,此时拔棉秆机漏拔率低,对土壤层破坏较小,方便后续农作物的种植,满足棉田生产农艺的要求;同时该拔棉秆机具有不对行的优势,创新设计了泥土分离和棉杆压缩机构,整机使用功率较低,能较好的适应南方地区小块复杂地势的棉田。     

田力牌4DGJ-2型多功能秸秆收获机

田力牌4DGJ-2型多功能秸秆收获机由河北邱县田力机械有限公司（河北省邱县工业区富强街8号．邮码057450．电话0310—8350916）生产。该机主要有拔棉柴和收获玉米秸秆两大功能：①拔棉柴。拔棉柴作业，每次2行，工作时由两个收获铲伸到棉柴根部．     

棉柴收获加工机械集萃

棉柴收获加工机械集萃江苏射阳县农机化推广站周良墉１．４ＭＣ一１型拔棉柴机由河北省南宫市农机化研究所研制生产，已通过省级鉴定，获国家专利。该机适用于单行作业，可一次完成拔棉柴、铺放作业，结构简单，操作方便，适合农户使用，与人工拔棉柴相比提高工效２０倍。...     

棉花育苗移栽机械化生产研究新进展

机械化生产是作物轻简化生产的重要发展方向,棉花育苗移栽如何适应机械化发展要求,已成为棉花栽培研究的热点和难点问题。为此,简述了棉花育苗移栽的作用,回顾了当前使用比较典型的棉花育苗技术,并综合阐述了国内外作物机械化移栽的研究现状,尤其是对机械化移栽的棉苗素质和棉田以及移栽机研究和应用进行了重点分析,指出了棉花育苗机械化移栽存在的问题,提出了中国棉花育苗移栽机械化未来发展的方向及研究重点。以期为中国棉花生产轻简化栽培提供一定的理论依据。     

Wireless tracking of cotton modules. Part 2: Automatic machine identification and system testing

The ability to map profit across a cotton field would enable producers to determine where money is being made or lost on their farms and to implement precise field management practices to facilitate the highest return possible on each portion of a field. Mapping profit requires knowledge of site-specific costs and revenues, including yield and price. Price varies site-specifically because fiber quality varies, so mapping fiber quality is an important component of profit mapping. To map fiber quality, the harvest location of individual cotton bales must be known, and thus a system to track the harvest location of cotton modules must be available. To this end, a wireless module-tracking system was recently developed, but automation of the system is required before it will find practical use on the farm. In Part 1 of this report, research to develop automatic triggering of wireless messages is described. In Part 2, research to enable the system to function with multiple harvesting machines of the same type in the same field - a common situation in commercial cotton farming - is described along with testing of the entire automated wireless module-tracking system (WMTS). An RFID system was incorporated, and it enabled the WMTS to correctly and consistently differentiate among various harvesting vehicles. The improved WMTS subsequently sent wireless messages to the correct machines when cotton transfers were made in the presence of multiple harvest machines. Overall testing proved that the automated WMTS worked largely as designed. When both complete and partial cotton basket dumps were simulated, the correct wireless-messaging decision was made 100% of the time.     

南疆海岛棉若干数量性状选择效果的研究

通过海岛棉若干性状遗传进度和相关关系的研究,表明海岛棉各个性状F值和遗传各不相同差异较大,霜前花百分率、产量、柄长、柄长／柄粗改良的可能性大,在的17个性状中,铃柄长、单铃重、产量、单株铃数霜前吐絮铃数,霜前花百分率这些的遗传性状变异系数和相对遗传进度都大,此外,通过铃长、铃粗、柄长同衣分的相关研究表明,通过棉花性状及单株铃数同产量相关研究表明,通过株型选择和提高单株有效结铃数可以提高产量。     

磷胁迫下不同品种棉花内源激素的动态变化

以中棉36号和新陆早13号棉花为试验材料,进行不同磷营养水平的水培试验,用HPLC 法分离和测定棉花五个生育时期不同部位的内源激素含量.结果表明,低磷胁迫下两种棉花的三种内源激素在生育期和不同植株部位表现出动态变化的差异,赤霉素、玉米素在棉花叶中的含量变化起伏较大,且均于花期达最小值;生长素在叶、茎、根中的含量变化较明显, 尤其是叶中的含量变化最大;低磷胁迫下棉花GA3/IAA、ZR/IAA值花期达最小值,铃期达最大值.     

杀虫剂的不同施用方法对棉蚜的控制作用研究

用涂茎、喷雾和拌种３种方法施药，定时采样测定棉苗中内吸杀虫剂的数量动态及调查对棉蚜的控制作用。结果表明：喷雾法施药，久效磷在棉苗中对棉蚜的有效控制期为５天；克百威粒剂拌种施药，用药量虽大，但对棉蚜有效控制期仅为１０天；涂茎法施药，药剂用量少，棉苗中药剂浓度高，对棉蚜的有效控制期可达１２天以上。     

高强力优质棉干物质积累和分配规律的研究

优质棉的干物质积累和普通棉一样按logjstic曲线变化,呈现出慢-快-慢的增长规律,在快增期较短的时间内积累了约60%的干物质,但最大积累量和最大积累强度优质棉低于普通棉.干物质在向叶片和主茎的分配上,前期叶片超过主茎,后期主茎超过叶片,但优质棉主茎超过叶片的时间早于普通棉.花后期,向营养器官分配的干物质普通棉超过优质棉,向生殖器官的分配则是优质棉超过普通棉.     

陆地棉矮化突变体形态学与遗传学的研究

以陆地棉矮化突变体为材料,用形态学和遗传学方法,研究棉花矮化突变体的主茎生长动态变化和矮化性状遗传分离规律。结果表明,矮化突变体与野生型植株在出苗到现蕾初期株高无明显差异,现蕾后株高差异逐渐明显,但在各生育期主茎节间数、果枝数等无显著差异,矮化突变体株型紧凑。在矮化突变体杂交后代F2植株中,植株高度在一定范围内存在变异,且集中在平均株高值上下的一定范围内,平均株高值附近植株量大,呈正态分布,棉花株高属数量遗传。     

Architecture of stem and branch affects yield formation in short season cotton

The cotton direct seeding after wheat(rape) harvested is under trial and would be the future direction at the Yangtze River Valley region of China. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of branch and stem architecture on cotton yield and identify the optimal cotton architecture to compensate the yield loss due to the reduction of individual production capacity under high planting density in the direst seeding after wheat harvested cropping system. The characteristics of the stem and branch architecture and the relationships between architecture of the stem and branch with yield formation were studied on eight short season cotton cultivars during 2015 and 2016 cotton growth seasons. Based on the two years results, three cultivars with different architectures of stem and branch were selected to investigate the effect of mepiquat chloride(MC) application on the architecture of the stem and branch, boll retention, and the yield in 2017. Significant differences were observed on plant height, all fruiting nodes to branches ratio(NBR) in the cotton plant, and the curvature of the fruiting branch(CFB) among the studied cultivars. There were three types of stem and fruiting branch structures: Zhong425 with stable and suitable plant height and NBR(about 90 cm and 2.5, respectively), high CFB(more than 10.0), and high boll retention speed and seed cotton yield; Siyang 822 with excessive plant height and NBR, low CFB, and low boll retention speed and seed cotton yield; and other studied cultivars with unstable structure of stem and branch, boll retention speed, and seed cotton yield across years. And MC application could promote the appropriate plant height and NBR and high CFB and thus resulted in high boll retention speed and the yield. The results suggested that the suitable plant height and NBR(about 90 cm and 2.5 respectively), and high CFB(more than 10.0), which was related to both genotype and cultural practice, could promote the higher boll retention speed and seed cotton yield.     

扁杆藨草持续危害对棉花农艺和经济性状的影响

【目的】研究扁杆藨草持续危害对棉花的影响,为棉田该杂草科学防治提供依据。【方法】扁杆藨草种群密度设为60 株/m² ,测定其持续危害0、10、20、30、40、50 、60 d和全生育期棉花株高、茎粗、主茎节数、结铃数、单铃重、产量和纤维品质指标。【结果】棉花株高和茎粗随扁杆藨草危害持续期延长而减小。扁杆藨草持续危害期小于30 d,对棉花主茎节数和果枝数影响不显著,大于30 d则显著减少。扁杆藨草持续危害期对棉花中部和下部果枝结铃数影响不显著,显著引起上部果枝结铃数、单铃重减少。扁杆藨草持续危害期大于10 d,可使棉花产量显著减少,导致棉纤维品质指标下降。【结论】依据棉花产量指标,扁杆藨草防除应不晚于棉花打顶前30 d。