2014—05—19部分地区生猪价格

据美国农业部发布的最新报告显示,2014/15年度全球玉米产量将达到9.791亿吨,基本上与2013/14年度的9.79亿吨持平。其中美国为3.54亿吨,上年为3.537亿吨。阿根廷为2600万吨,上年为2400万吨。南非为1350万吨,上年为1400万吨。欧盟28国为6470万吨,上年为6460万吨。墨西哥为2250万吨,上年为2190万吨。巴西为7400万吨,上年为7500万吨。中国为2.2亿吨,上年为2.177亿吨。乌克兰为2600万吨,上年为3090万吨。2014/15年度全球玉米用量将达到9.658亿吨,上年为9.488亿吨。其中饲料用量预计为5.923亿吨,上年为5.747亿吨。2014/15年度全球玉米期末库存预计为1.817亿吨,上年为1.684亿吨。     

2011/12年度全球粮食产量预计

据美国农业部12月13日的报告显示,2011/12年度全球玉米产量预计为8.675亿吨,上年为8.276亿吨。其中,中国为1.918亿吨,上年为1.773亿吨;欧盟为6 390万吨,上年为5 580万吨;美国为3.127亿吨,上年为3.162亿吨;墨西哥为2 050万吨,上年为2 110万吨;阿根廷为2 900万吨,上年     

猪病毒性腹泻分子流行病学调查

为了解近年来中国猪病毒性腹泻的发生现状,于2011年4月至2012年4月利用多重RT-PCR方法对采集于13个省市的猪腹泻样品和临床健康的样品进行了检测,结果显示,腹泻猪群样品中TGEV阳性率为2.65%,PEDV阳性率为24.49%,ARV阳性率为3.20%;在肠道组织样品中,TGEV的阳性率为3.11%,PEDV为14.83%,ARV为1.67%;粪便样品中,TGEV的阳性率为2.80%,PEDV为28.42%,ARV为4.86%;母猪(所产仔猪腹泻)乳汁中,TGEV阳性率为1.08%,PEDV为31.89%,ARV为0.54%。健康猪群样品中,保育与育肥阶段猪中PEDV阳性率为2.13%,ARV阳性率为1.42%;哺乳仔猪中ARV阳性率为12.86%。由此可知,目前中国猪病毒性腹泻以PED为主要病因,PEDV和TGEV在幼龄猪群中存在隐性感染现象,且3种病毒性腹泻均可通过母乳传播病毒。     

牧草、玉米青贮和作物秸秆营养价值的洗涤剂法评定

以豆科牧草苜蓿、毛苕子,禾本科牧草草芦、多花黑麦草,玉米青贮及小麦秸、玉米秸为试验材料,用Van-Soest洗涤剂法对中性洗涤溶解物(NDS)、半纤维素(HF)、纤维素(F)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)及酸不溶灰分(AIA)等成份进行测试,结果表明:豆科牧草的NDS平均含量为73%,F与HF含量之和平均为23%,而ADL平均含量为0.2%;其次为禾本科牧草,其NDS平均为38%,HF与F含量之和平均为59%,ADL平均含量为0.5%;玉米青贮的NDS含量为42%,F与HF含量之和为41%,而ADL含量为3%;秸秆类饲料的NDS平均含量为28%,F与HF含量之和平均为62%,而ADL平均含量为6%,其中小麦秸NDS含量仅为23%,尽管其F与HF含量为65%,但ADL含量高达9%。     

旱獭、麝鼠、兔狲、青鼬、石貂毛绒纤维超微结构比较

以旱獭、麝鼠、兔狲、青鼬、石貂为试验材料,观察其毛绒纤维的超微结构,利用扫描电镜法比较其鳞片层结构特征.结果显示:旱獭针毛翘角平均值为37.0°,鳞片高度平均值为7.76 μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.43μm,旱獭绒毛翘角平均值为25.4°,鳞片高度平均值为14.57 μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.68 μm；麝鼠针毛鳞片高度平均值为4.58 μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.22 μm,麝鼠绒毛翘角平均值为24.7°,鳞片高度平均值为11.14 μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.40 μm；兔狲针毛翘角平均值为31.9°,鳞片高度平均值为10.65 μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.52 μm,兔狲绒毛翘角平均值为24.8°,鳞片高度平均值为9.30 μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.46 μm；青鼬针毛翘角平均值为37.8°,鳞片高度平均值为4.33 μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.24 μm,青鼬绒毛鳞片高度平均值为13.88 μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.65 μm；石貂针毛翘角平均值为33.6°,鳞片高度平均值为23.93 μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.74 μm,石貂绒毛翘角平均值为25.2°,鳞片高度平均值为29.87 μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.64 μm.不同种的动物纤维具有独特的形态特征,在超微结构上存在明显的差别.     

犬洋葱中毒诊治

洋葱为百合科葱属植物,犬等动物采食洋葱后会出现中毒表现,其特征性症状为排红色或红棕色尿液。1诊断1.1临床症状病例1为德国牧羊犬,其体温为36.8℃,呼吸为26次/min,心跳为101次/min,精神一般,牙龈苍白。病例2为斗牛犬,其体温为37.2℃,呼吸为25次/min,心跳为112次/min,精神沉郁,嘴角有     

不同激素组合对牦牛同期发情效果的观察

为提高牦牛人工授精工作效率,对未发情的牦牛采用不同激素组合进行处理,结果得出:人工授精牛群繁殖数为63头,繁殖率为76.83％;自然交配牛群繁殖数为125头,繁殖率为100％.经同期发情处理后,1组母牛繁殖数为11头,繁殖率为64.71％;2组母牛繁殖数为14头,繁殖率为82.35％;3组母牛繁殖数为15头,繁殖率为8...     

盐酸左旋咪唑涂皮剂对猪消化道线虫的疗效观察

粪检线虫卵阳性猪37头,其中30头为试验组,7头为对照组。按1ml/10kg 体重给予盐酸左旋咪唑涂皮剂涂擦猪两耳根部皮肤。给药后第九天用斯陶尔氏法复检虫卵,试验组的蛔虫卵减少率为100%,对照组为50%;试验组的结节虫卵减少率为50%,对照组为25%;试验组的鞭虫卵减少率为42.8%,对照组为-22.22%。给药后第13～15天扑杀全部猪只。剖检结果,试验组的蛔虫检出率为6.25%,驱净率为93.75%,对照组的蛔虫检出率为100%;试验组的结节虫的检出率为50%,驱净率为50%,对照组的检出率为100%,试验组的鞭虫检出率为72.22%,驱净率为27.78%,对照组的检出率为100%。     

广元市优质肉牛的生产对策

要以市场为导向,效益为中心,企业为龙头,服务为纽带,以农户增收为出发点,大力推进养牛业产业化经营。     

伊川县规模化猪场猪球虫种类及感染情况调查

应用沉淀法和浮集法,调查了伊川县10个规模化猪场猪球虫感染情况,检查750份粪便样品.结果发现,场阳性率为100%,各猪场的感染率7.1%～31.5%,其中母猪感染率为22.2%,哺乳仔猪为31.8%,保育猪为13.3%,生长猪为17.4%,育肥猪为14.7%,总感染率为20.0%.在球虫阳性粪便中初步鉴定出8种球虫,有刺艾美耳球虫和猪等孢球虫为优势种.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …