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本文对桧木醇(hinokitiol)的发现、合成、生物活性、作用机理、非靶标毒性、衍生物等相关的研究进行了梳理分析。桧木醇是一种高活性的植物次生代谢物,具有很好的抗菌、抑菌、杀虫、抗炎、抗癌等生物活性。桧木醇可以用市场易得原料进行合成,具有很好的开发价值。桧木醇的七元环和羰基是其发挥生物活性的必要基团,其构效关系表明羟基位置的结构修饰可能是桧木醇高活性衍生物发现的重要途径之一。但是,桧木醇的作用特点、非靶标毒性、结构稳定性等还有诸多疑点未能明确,严重影响了桧木醇的应用开发。 相似文献
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植物源农药的活性成分和作用机理 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
植物源农药一般具有在环境中生物降解快、不易产生抗性、一般对人畜安全等优点,成为潜在的化学合成农药替代物。本文对植物源农药的活性成分和作用机理做简要综述。 相似文献
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为有效控制有机基地芹菜上的西花蓟马,本研究在防治西花蓟马的植物源农药中加入一定比例的纳米助剂,以期达到提高植物源农药增效减量的目的.研究结果表明:在五种供试的植物源农药(5%扑利旺、0.3%印楝素、1.5%除虫菊素、0.6%苦参碱、2.5%鱼藤酮)中,0.6%苦参碱是防治西花蓟马的理想药剂,施药后3d和7d防治效果为7... 相似文献
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植物源病毒抑制剂VFB对烟草抗烟草花叶病毒的诱导作用研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
为揭示植物源病毒抑制剂VFB的抗病毒机理,本研究以普通烟和烟草花叶病毒(TMV)为材料,测定了VFB进行预防和治疗处理后烟草中与抗病性相关的部分生理生化指标变化。结果表明:VFB可明显抑制病毒侵染后导致的细胞膜通透性增大;SOD、CAT、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶等细胞防御酶活性增强,且预防处理的效果优于治疗处理;与抗病性呈正相关的脯氨酸和总游离氨基酸的含量有显著的提高。表明VFB可诱导植物产生抗病性,增强烟草对TMV侵染的抵抗能力。 相似文献
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害虫对新烟碱类杀虫剂的抗药性及其治理策略 总被引:14,自引:4,他引:14
烟碱和新烟碱类杀虫剂都是作为后突触烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs)的激动剂作用于昆虫中枢神经系统,但这两类杀虫剂存在明显不同的选择毒性:烟碱类对哺乳动物毒性较高,而杀虫活性低;新烟碱类具有高杀虫活性,而对哺乳动物低毒。由于新烟碱类杀虫剂的作用方式独特,对以前使用的如拟除虫菊酯类、氯化烃类、有机磷类和氨基甲酸酯类等杀虫剂很少或无交互抗性,该类杀虫剂为防治一些世界性重大害虫(包括对以前使用的杀虫剂具有长期抗性的害虫)作出了重要贡献。但现已发现不少害虫对新烟碱类杀虫剂产生了抗性。文章就害虫对新烟碱类杀虫剂的抗性概况、抗性机理和抗性治理策略进行了综述。 相似文献
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本文通过调查统计所选取植株病虫害的危害程度,对广州动物园主要绿化植物病虫害发生状况进行了数据统计和分析,提出了相应的防治措施。 相似文献
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Abstract Weeds are major components of agro-ecosystems and they affect the biology of pests and beneficial insects in several ways; provision of flowers, presence of neutral insects, modification of crop microclimate, production of chemical stimulus, alteration of colonisation background, etc. The more relevant beneficial crop–weed–insect interactions are discussed. The role of weeds in regulating pest populations is illustrated by studies on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cropping systems, in which chemical interactions between Empoasca kraemeri Ross &; Moore and two grass weeds were identified. It is proposed to continue and develop this kind of research in order to incorporate weeds into pest control strategies. 相似文献
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Evaluation trials should provide a maximum of information with minimal effort. Conventional trials designed as randomised block layouts are simple but not very precise and they do not readily permit dose/response relationships to be explored. Semi-systematic designs, especially in conjunction with log-dose treatments, can largely overcome these problems. The types of information needed and factors influencing the design of machinery to apply granular insecticides to small plots are discussed. Different experiment designs were tested and standardised designs were developed for evaluating insecticides against cabbage root fly and carrot fly. Examples of results for insecticide efficiency against carrot fly and cabbage root fly and effectiveness in terms of cauliflower yield are given and side-effects involving phytotoxicity and non-selectivity are discussed. 相似文献
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Kio N. Don-Pedro 《Pest management science》1996,47(3):213-223
The biological action of citruspeel oils was shown to depend on a strong fumigant action. Bioassays conducted in air-tight glass chambers showed that all the six citrus oils tested had vapour toxicity towards adults of Callosobruchus maculatus F., Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. and Dermestes maculatus Deg. The 24-h LC50 value of limepeel oil (a typical citrus oil) vapour against C. Maculatus was 7·99 μl litre−1 which made it 1·5 and 1·6 times less toxic against the smaller S. zeamais and the larger D. maculatus adult insects. When immature stages were fumigated, limepeel oil vapour had 24-h LC50 values of 7·8 and 21·5 μl litre−1 against eggs of C. maculatus and D. maculatus respectively, and 9·1, 17·8 and 23·1, 23·9 μl litre−1 against early larvae, pupae of C. maculatus and late larvae, pupae of D. maculatus respectively. X-ray studies showed that fumigated C. maculatus larvae within cowpea grains died immediately without further development. The bioactivities of five other citruspeel oils were similar to that of limepeel oil. Bioassays showed that sorption of citruspeel oil fumes occurred in the presence of grains or strips of dried fish, and that this tended to reduce the amount available for fumigant action outside the materials. The problems presented by sorption may hinder the development of citrus oils into practical fumigants for large-scale treatments of stored commodities. 相似文献
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病虫害严重影响我国农业生产,每年造成巨额经济损失,传统化学农药虽然在一定程度上能够减轻这些危害,但其不合理的使用也造成严重的负面影响,亟需开发新型生物农药。海洋真菌生存于独特的海洋环境中,形成了有别于陆生真菌的生存繁殖方式和遗传代谢机制,能够产生许多结构新颖、生物活性显著的次级代谢产物,其中许多化合物具有抗植物病原菌、杀虫和抗病毒等农用生物活性,具有开发成为新型生物农药的巨大潜力。本文综述了2010年以来前人在海洋真菌次级代谢产物农用生物活性方面的研究成果,涵盖了90个化合物,结构类型主要包括聚酮类、萜类、生物碱类和甾体类化合物等,以期为生物农药的开发提供依据。 相似文献