猪流感的防控措施

猪流行性感冒是由A型猪流感病毒引起的猪呼吸系统疾病,可在猪群中造成流感暴发。通常情况下人类很少感染猪流感病毒。但近年来,在美国等地也出现过人感染猪流感的病例,患者大多为与病猪有过直接接触的人。今年以来,人感染猪流感的病例在不断增多,并且已引起国际社会的高度关注。因此,了解猪流感的发病情况和控制措施,在当前有非常现实的意义。     

猪流感的综合防治

猪流感是甲型流感病毒引起的猪或人的一种急性、人畜共患呼吸道传染性疾病,通过污染的空气飞沫或与感染猪流感病毒的病畜或人接触而传播。病猪以发热、呼吸道炎症及肌肉关节痛为特征,人感染猪流感后的临床早期症状与普通流感类似,出现发烧、咳嗽、疲劳、食欲不振等症状,还可出现腹泻或呕吐。近年来,全球各地陆续发生人感染猪流感病例,造成巨大的公共安全威胁。2009年3月墨西哥和美国等地先后发生人感染H1N1亚型猪流感,该病毒具有猪     

猪流感的综合防治

猪流感是甲型流感病毒引起的猪或人的一种急性、人畜共患呼吸道传染性疾病,通过污染的空气飞沫或与感染猪流感病毒的病畜或人接触而传播。病猪以发热、呼吸道炎症及肌肉关节痛为特征,人感染猪流感后的临床早期症状与普通流感类似,出现发烧、咳嗽、疲劳、食欲不振等症状,还可出现腹泻或呕吐。近年来,全球各地陆续发生人感染猪流感病例,造成巨大的公共安全威胁。2009年3月墨西哥和美国等地先后发生人感染H1N1亚型猪流感,该病毒具有猪流感、禽流感和人流感三种流感病毒的基因片断,是一种新型猪流感病毒,可人群间传播,随着病情的发展,出现高热、肺炎等症状,重者可出现呼吸衰竭、多器官损伤,导致死亡。     

国家首席兽医师于康震：我国尚未在猪体内监测到猪流感变异病毒

2009年5月,墨西哥和美国等欧美国家先后暴发流感疫情,导致多人死亡。导致该疫情的毒株包含有猪流感、禽流感和人流感三种流感病毒的基因片断,是一种新型流感病毒,初期该疫情被称为猪流感疫情。随后研究发现,虽然这种新型病毒是由猪流感病毒演变而来,但这种病毒主要侵害人类,到目前为止,仅在加拿大发现一起猪感染该病毒病例,且感染猪无一死亡,并已经痊愈或正在恢复健康。4月30日,世界卫生组织、联合国粮农组织和世界动物卫生组织宣布,一致同意使用A（H1N1）型流感指代该疫情,并不再使用“猪流感”一词。我国则称为甲型H1N1流感,卫生部于4月30日发布2009年第8号公告,明确将甲型H1N1流感纳入传染病防治法规定管理的乙类传染病,并采取甲类传染病的预防,控制措施。 为使公众正确对待此次流感疫情,避免产生不必要的恐慌。日前,国家首席兽医师于康震和农业部兽医局副局长、中国动物疫病预防控制中心主任张仲秋分别接受媒体采访,就该病发表了各自的看法。     

猪流感的流行特点、临床表现及诊断方法

编者按:近日,墨西哥和美国等国家相继发生甲型H1N1流感疫情,该病病毒部分基因与猪流感病毒有关,在疫情流行的最初阶段曾被称为人感染猪流感病毒.     

猪流感的流行特点、临床表现及诊断方法

近日,墨西哥和美国等国家相继发生甲型H1N1流感疫情,该病病毒部分基因与猪流感病毒有关,在疫情流行的最初阶段曾经被称为人感染猪流感病毒。此病蔓延迅速,目前已有20多个国家有人感染的确诊病例,并在一些国家出现人感染死亡病例。加拿大一家养猪场由于工人感染甲型H1N1病毒而使200多头猪感染发病,引起了全世界的高度重视。     

猪流感防治技术措施

猪流感（Swine influenza,SI）是由猪流感病毒引起的猪的一种急性高度接触性传染病,猪流感与人流感在很多方面是相似的。猪流感病毒至少有4种血清型,每种血清型都可以引起各自的免疫反应,但互相之间不存在交叉免疫性。猪群可能先后感染不同血清型的猪流感,     

国家首席兽医师于康震表示——在我国猪群中未监测到猪流感变异病毒,食用猪肉是安全的

监测结果表明,目前我国尚未监测到此次感染人的流感病毒变异株. 猪流感是猪的一种常发病,世界各地每年均有猪流感疫情发生.但该病危害并不严重,世界动物卫生组织未把猪流感列入法定报告疫病.但经病毒基因序列分析,与目前感染人的流感病毒变异株同源性很低,通俗讲,可以说两者不是同一个病毒.     

猪流感病毒的分子生物学研究进展

猪流感是由猪流感病毒引起的一种急性、高度接触传染性的群发性呼吸道疾病,其特征为突发咳嗽、呼吸困难、发热、衰竭及迅速康复,不同年龄、品种和性别的猪均能感染,是规模化猪场普遍存在且难以根治的群发性疾病之一。猪流感的爆发和流行对养殖业造成巨大的损失,同时因猪流感能够感染人,其公共卫生意义重大,对猪流感分子生物学、变异和免疫机制的研究,将为基因工程疫苗的研制及猪流感控制起到很好的作用。文章对猪流感病毒的生物学特性、基因组及病毒变异机制等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

四川生猪产业应对甲型H1N1流感

<正>2006年,美国科学家发现一种猪流感病毒和禽流感病毒的病毒混合体。2008年3至4月墨西哥和美国等先后发生人感染一种新型的流感病毒,该毒株包含有猪流感、禽流感和人流     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.