Insecticidal Activities of Extracts from Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. Callus

[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional.     

马齿苋提取物对枸杞蚜虫毒杀和拒食活性的研究(英文)

[Objective] The experiment studied on insecticidal and antifeedant action of on Portulaca oleracea L.to provide theoretical basis for developing a new botanical insecticide by taking Portulaca oleracea L.as a raw material.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the ethanol extracts and 5 kinds of extracts with petroleum ether,chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,water from Portulaca oleracea L..against Aphis sp.was studied;Leaves are using drug treatments of 5 extracts anti-feedant activity of Aphis sp.[Result] The results showed that 95% ethanol extract displayed high contact activity to Aphis sp.The corrected mortality after 48 h reached 95.4 % under the concentration of 50.00 mg·ml-1 and the insecticidal activities of 5 extracts against Aphis sp.was in the order that petroleum ether > chloroform > n-butanol > ethyl acetate >water.Five kinds of anti-feeding activity in the extract of the order for the water> ethyl acetate> n-butanol > chloroform >petroleum ether.[Conclusion] The extract from Portulaca oleracea L.has a strong contact toxicity of pesticide active on Aphis sp.substances and for a small polar compounds,the strong anti-feeding activity is a kind of larger polar compounds.     

马齿苋提取物对枸杞蚜虫毒杀和拒食活性的研究(英文)

[Objective] The experiment studied on insecticidal and antifeedant action of on Portulaca oleracea L.to provide theoretical basis for developing a new botanical insecticide by taking Portulaca oleracea L.as a raw material.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the ethanol extracts and 5 kinds of extracts with petroleum ether,chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,water from Portulaca oleracea L..against Aphis sp.was studied;Leaves are using drug treatments of 5 extracts anti-feedant activity of Aphis sp.[Result] The results showed that 95% ethanol extract displayed high contact activity to Aphis sp.The corrected mortality after 48 h reached 95.4 % under the concentration of 50.00 mg·ml-1 and the insecticidal activities of 5 extracts against Aphis sp.was in the order that petroleum ether > chloroform > n-butanol > ethyl acetate >water.Five kinds of anti-feeding activity in the extract of the order for the water> ethyl acetate> n-butanol > chloroform >petroleum ether.[Conclusion] The extract from Portulaca oleracea L.has a strong contact toxicity of pesticide active on Aphis sp.substances and for a small polar compounds,the strong anti-feeding activity is a kind of larger polar compounds.     

Study on the Insecticidal and Antifeedant Activity of Extracts from Portulaca oleracea L. on Aphis sp.

[Objective] The experiment studied on insecticidal and antifeedant action of on Portulaca oleracea L.to provide theoretical basis for developing a new botanical insecticide by taking Portulaca oleracea L.as a raw material.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the ethanol extracts and 5 kinds of extracts with petroleum ether,chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,water from Portulaca oleracea L..against Aphis sp.was studied;Leaves are using drug treatments of 5 extracts anti-feedant activity of Aphis sp.[Result] The results showed that 95% ethanol extract displayed high contact activity to Aphis sp.The corrected mortality after 48 h reached 95.4 % under the concentration of 50.00 mg·ml-1 and the insecticidal activities of 5 extracts against Aphis sp.was in the order that petroleum ether > chloroform > n-butanol > ethyl acetate >water.Five kinds of anti-feeding activity in the extract of the order for the water> ethyl acetate> n-butanol > chloroform >petroleum ether.[Conclusion] The extract from Portulaca oleracea L.has a strong contact toxicity of pesticide active on Aphis sp.substances and for a small polar compounds,the strong anti-feeding activity is a kind of larger polar compounds.     

鸦胆子愈伤组织提取物的杀虫活性研究(英文)

[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional.     

鸦胆子愈伤组织提取物的杀虫活性研究(英文)

[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional.     

苍耳提取液与植物内生真菌抗菌活性研究(英文)

[Objective] The study was aimed to provide theoretical foundation for developing a new fungicide with high activity,low toxicity and low residua.[Method] Based on the plant growth rate and inhibition zone methods,the antifungal activity of extracts of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium were tested with six kinds of pathogenic fungi and three kinds of pathogenic bacteria respectively.[Result] The extract of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophyic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium all had antifungal activities.The acetone extracts of Xanthium sibiricum had stronger antifungal activities than the ethanol extracts of Xanthium sibiricum.The extracts of leaf have the strongest antifungal activities against fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 47.8%,and the inhibition diameters of the three pathogenic bacteria were all above 0.5 centimeter.The fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi also had strong activities against the fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 68.1%.The extracts of root of Xanthium sibiricum and the mycelium of endophytic fungi were all had antifungal activities.[Conclusion] Xanthium sibiricum and endophyic fungi MC4-23 had great value of development and utilization.     

Preliminary Studies on Antifungal Activity of Xanthium sibiricum and the Endophytic Fungi

[Objective] The study was aimed to provide theoretical foundation for developing a new fungicide with high activity,low toxicity and low residua.[Method] Based on the plant growth rate and inhibition zone methods,the antifungal activity of extracts of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium were tested with six kinds of pathogenic fungi and three kinds of pathogenic bacteria respectively.[Result] The extract of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophyic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium all had antifungal activities.The acetone extracts of Xanthium sibiricum had stronger antifungal activities than the ethanol extracts of Xanthium sibiricum.The extracts of leaf have the strongest antifungal activities against fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 47.8%,and the inhibition diameters of the three pathogenic bacteria were all above 0.5 centimeter.The fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi also had strong activities against the fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 68.1%.The extracts of root of Xanthium sibiricum and the mycelium of endophytic fungi were all had antifungal activities.[Conclusion] Xanthium sibiricum and endophyic fungi MC4-23 had great value of development and utilization.     

Inhibition of Na＋,K＋-ATPase in Housefly （Musca domestica L.） by Terpinen- 4-ol and Its Ester Derivatives

To reveal the insecticidal mechanism of terpinen-4-ol, the activity of Na＋,K＋-ATPase in insects tested were determined in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that terpinen-4-ol and its ester derivatives had strong contact activity to housefly and the contact toxicities of its derivatives except Z3 were all superior or equivalent to terpinen-4-ol. All the 7 compounds had strong inhibition towards activity of Na＋,K＋-ATPase. With poisoning symptom exacerbating, the inhibition rates were gradually increased. In vitro, the IC50 of terpinen-4-ol, Z1, Z2, Z4, Z5, and Z6 was 155.89, 197.98, 96.02, 121.36, 124.85, and 153.74 μg mL% respectively. There was well correlation between the LDs0 of terpinen-4-ol derivatives to housefly and the IC50 of terpinen-4-ol derivatives to Na＋,K＋-ATPase in housefly. In conclusion, Na＋,K＋-ATPase was likely the target of terpinen-4-ol against insects.     

苍耳提取液与植物内生真菌抗菌活性研究(英文)

[Objective] The study was aimed to provide theoretical foundation for developing a new fungicide with high activity,low toxicity and low residua.[Method] Based on the plant growth rate and inhibition zone methods,the antifungal activity of extracts of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium were tested with six kinds of pathogenic fungi and three kinds of pathogenic bacteria respectively.[Result] The extract of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophyic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium all had antifungal activities.The acetone extracts of Xanthium sibiricum had stronger antifungal activities than the ethanol extracts of Xanthium sibiricum.The extracts of leaf have the strongest antifungal activities against fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 47.8%,and the inhibition diameters of the three pathogenic bacteria were all above 0.5 centimeter.The fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi also had strong activities against the fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 68.1%.The extracts of root of Xanthium sibiricum and the mycelium of endophytic fungi were all had antifungal activities.[Conclusion] Xanthium sibiricum and endophyic fungi MC4-23 had great value of development and utilization.     

3，13-酯基中乌头碱衍生物的合成及其杀虫活性的研究

1材料与方法1．1材料与试剂中乌头碱（1）由笔者所在的课题组从附子中提取分离。稻褐飞虱和苜蓿蚜均为室内常年累代饲养或从田间采集室内饲养多代虫种。熔点用显微熔点仪测定,温度计未校正;核磁共振谱用Bruker Avance600核磁共振仪测定（溶剂为CDCl3．TMS为内标）;质谱用Varian1200LC／MS液相色谱-质谱联用仪测定;KBiI4作生物碱特征显色剂;层析用硅胶为青岛海洋化工出品;所用试剂和溶剂均为分析纯。     

3,13-酯基中乌头碱衍生物的合成及其杀虫活性的研究

[目的]探讨中乌头碱及其衍生物的结构和杀虫活性的关系。[方法]通过酸酐或酰氯酯化合成中乌头碱的衍生物3．乙酰中乌头碱、3-丙酰中乌头碱、3-乙酰-13-苯甲酰中鸟头碱和3-丙酰-13-苯甲酰中乌头碱,并对其进行杀虫活性测试。[结果]在浓度为500mg／L时,中乌头碱对稻褐飞虱和苜蓿蚜的杀虫活性分别为50％和30％;3-乙酰中乌头碱、3-丙酰中乌头碱、3．乙酰-13-苯甲酰中乌头碱和3．丙酰-13-苯甲酰中乌头碱对苜蓿蚜的杀虫活性分别为40％、30％、30％和20％。[结论]中乌头碱羟基酯化后杀虫活性下降。3位羟基的存在对中乌头碱的杀虫活性的影响至关重要。     

中乌头碱衍生物的合成及其杀虫活性测定

[目的]为了探讨中乌头碱（Mesaconitine）结构与杀虫活性间的关系。[方法]以中乌头碱为原料合成了7种衍生物,并经质谱与核磁共振结合鉴定了其结构 以稻飞虱（Nilaparvata legen）、粘虫（Mythima separate）、红蜘蛛（Tetranychus cinnabarnus）、蚜虫（Aphis medicagini）为试虫,测定了衍生物的杀虫活性。[结果]化合物A、B、C、F、G具有一定杀虫活性,其中化合物F和G对稻飞虱活性显著,死亡率分别达到70%和85%。[结论]中乌头碱分子中,保留3-OH1、3-OH1、5-OH有利于保持化合物的杀虫活性,中乌头碱的无机酸盐对稻飞虱有较高杀虫活性。     

生附子中二萜生物碱化学成分及其杀虫活性的研究

[目的]分析生附子乙醇提取物的化学成分,并研究其杀虫活性。[方法]从生附子的乙醇提取物中分离二萜生物碱,根据波谱学测试和与标准品对照的方法确定其结构,同时分别对生附子总二萜生物碱、中乌头碱、宋果灵和附子灵进行杀虫活性测试。[结果]生附子乙醇提取物获得5个晶体,分别为中乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱、宋果灵和附子灵。杀虫活性测试表明,生附子总二萜生物碱、中乌头碱、宋果灵和附子灵对稻飞虱与苜蓿蚜均具有明显的杀灭活性。[结论]生附子乙醇提取物抗虫具有广谱性,其中的二萜生物碱成分可作为植物源杀虫剂进行开发。     

不同栽培区附子生物碱含量的比较研究

[目的]比较不同栽培区附子生物碱的含量.[方法]采用冷浸法测定水浸出物和醇浸出物含量,酸性染料比色法测定附子总生物碱含量,RP-HPLC测定双酯型生物碱含量.[结果]6个栽培区附子水溶性浸出物含量为10.272％～11.681％,醇溶性浸出物含量为1.621％～3.195％,总生物碱含量为0.987％～1.346％,中乌头碱含量为0.349～3.268 mg/g,乌头碱含量为0.406～0.841 mg/g,次乌头碱含量为1.284～3.134 mg/g.[结论]不同栽培区附子浸出物、总生物碱和双酯型生物碱含量差异较大,其结果为附子药材质量评价提供一定的理论参考.     

正壬酸香草酰胺的制备与杀虫活性研究

[目的]探讨辣椒碱及其类似物正壬酸香草酰胺的杀虫活性。[方法]以香草醛和正壬酸为起始原料,经胺化还原反应、N-酰化反应制备了正壬酸香草酰胺,对其化学结构进行了EI-MS和1H NMR验证,并对辣椒碱和正壬酸香草酰胺进行了生物活性测定。[结果]辣椒碱和正壬香草酰胺对小菜蛾[Plutella xyllostella(Linnaeus)]3龄幼虫和蚕豆蚜(Aphis craccivora)3日龄若蚜均无明显的杀虫活性。[结论]为进一步研究辣椒碱的生物活性提供了理论依据。     

中乌头碱结构中磺酰基的引入及其杀虫活性的测定

通过化学方法向中乌头碱结构中引入磺酰基,对产物进行杀虫活性的测定.发现甲磺酰化与苯磺酰化中乌头碱对苜蓿蚜(Aphis medicagini)的杀虫活性72 h之内达到50%,较中乌头碱杀虫活性提高了20%.     

36种植物甲醇提取物杀蚜虫活性的研究

[目的]筛选我国西南地区具有杀蚜活性的植物。[方法]以萝卜蚜虫作为供试靶标昆虫,采用浸叶法测定蛇足石杉、岩木瓜及珍珠莲等36种植物甲醇提取物对蚜虫的杀虫活性。[结果]36种植物甲醇提取物5g／L浓度处理蚜虫12和24h后．岩木瓜、珍珠莲和光叶铁仔3种植物甲醇提取物校正死亡率均大于60％。岩木瓜、珍珠莲和光叶铁仔甲醇提取物对蚜虫24h的LC50值分别为1．26、1．48和2．38g／L,表现出较强的毒力。[结论]岩木瓜、珍珠莲和光叶铁仔甲醇提取物的杀虫活性成分值得深入研究,