豚鼠醛化红细胞在人流感病毒血凝活性测定中的应用

在流感疫情监测中,血凝试验是最常用的检测方法.针对鸡红细胞不能凝集流感病毒"O"相毒株,新鲜红细胞需现采现配、麻烦、费时,易溶血、不易保存等问题,本试验对豚鼠醛化红细胞制备方法的筛选和制备条件的优化进行研究,并以新鲜豚鼠红细胞为对照,用于流感病毒不同型别血凝试验.结果表明,戊二醛固定法制备的豚鼠醛化红细胞不溶血、结果稳定性好、保存期长、血凝活性与新鲜豚鼠红细胞基本一致,可以替代新鲜豚鼠红细胞用于血凝试验.     

Lowered Antioxidant Status of Red Blood Cells in Post-Parturient Haemoglobinuria of Buffaloes

The antioxidant status of the red blood cells of buffaloes (n = 20) suffering from post-parturient haemoglobinuria (PPH) was assessed by comparing their tocopherol (vitamin E) and reduced glutathione contents with those of red blood cells from apparently healthy buffaloes (n = 20). The red cell tocopherol content of the diseased buffaloes (1.76±0.11 g/ml) was significantly (p<0.01) lower than that of healthy buffaloes (2.45±0.14 g/ml). This may be the first report comparing the concentration of tocopherol in the red blood cells of buffaloes suffering from PPH and apparently healthy buffaloes.There was a drastic reduction in the reduced glutathione content in the red cells of haemoglobinuric buffaloes (23.74±2.86 mg%) compared to the healthy control buffaloes (73.71±3.87 mg%). The diseased buffaloes also exhibited severe hypophosphataemia. These findings suggest that an impaired or insufficient antioxidant potential of the red blood cells in this disease in buffaloes is associated with the phosphorus deficiency.     

非洲猪瘟病毒诱导猪红细胞凋亡并促进猪外周血单核细胞的吞噬作用

本研究旨在探讨非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）对猪红细胞（RBCs）的作用以及对猪外周血单核细胞（PBMs）吞噬能力的影响。试验采用流式细胞术检测ASFV侵染猪原代肺泡巨噬细胞（PAMs）和猪红细胞（RBCs）的能力,并检测ASFV诱导RBCs发生凋亡的百分比;同时采用激光共聚焦试验（Confocal）观察ASFV诱导RBCs发生凋亡是否影响PBMs的吞噬能力。结果显示,ASFV不能入侵RBCs,但以时间和剂量依赖性方式诱导RBCs发生凋亡。0.1 MOI ASFV接种RBCs后1、3、5和7 d可分别诱导1.27%、3.23%、7.39%和8.56%的RBCs发生凋亡;1 MOI ASFV接种RBCs后1、3、5和7 d可分别诱导1.54%、3.73%、8.46%和10.74%的RBCs发生凋亡;3 MOI ASFV接种RBCs后1、3、5和7 d可分别诱导2.65%、5.01%、12.44%和18.61%的RBCs发生凋亡。同时,凋亡的RBCs可以增加PBMs对黄绿色荧光微球的吞噬数量,ASFV诱导RBCs凋亡的百分比越高,PBMs吞噬黄绿色荧光微球的数量越多。综上所述,ASFV不能侵染猪RBCs,但可以以时间和剂量依赖性方式诱导RBCs发生凋亡并增强PBMs的吞噬功能。     

输血疗法在奶牛和犬疾病中的临床应用

输血疗法是救治动物的一种有效措施.论文介绍了输血的适应症与禁忌症,奶牛和犬的血型,供血奶牛和犬的选择,血液的采集及输血方法,并结合临床病例就输血中的注意事项和体会进行了总结.     

日本大耳白兔红细胞调控淋巴细胞和NK细胞活性研究

应用红细胞促淋巴细胞转化和促NK细胞活性试验,对不同生理发育时期日本大耳白兔红细胞调控淋巴细胞和NK细胞活性进行研究。结果表明：青年组日本大耳白兔红细胞调控淋巴细胞能力明显高于幼年兔和老年兔（P〈0．01）;老年组红细胞调控NK活性能力明显高于青年组和幼年组（P〈0．01）,青年组高于幼年组（P〈0．01）。日本大耳白兔红细胞调控淋巴细胞能力在青年时期达到了高峰．随后逐渐降低：而红细胞调控NK活性随年龄增长而显著增强,这提示老年兔的免疫活性细胞较多地处于预激活状态,并对刺激显示良好的免疫应答能力。     

Cryopreservation of Hen Red Blood Cells

The cryoprotection of hen erythrocytes, used as reagent in virus titration, was investigated. The cryoprotective agents tested were neutralized polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol. Good results were obtained with PVP, especially with PVP K15 (average molecular weight 10 000), and with DMSO, especially when used in a final concentration of 10 %, whereas glycerol was unfit for use in the concentrations tested. The red cell concentration, the suspending buffer before freezing and the washing procedure after thawing were of importance. The cells could be frozen and stored for at least three months without any significant effect on the virus titer.     

兔出血症病毒对人类红细胞的血凝谱研究

应用兔出血症病毒标准毒株与人类各型红细胞进行血球凝集反应(HA)。结果表明,兔出血症病毒能凝集人类各型红细胞,且对“O”型、“B”型和“AB”型红细胞的凝集反应快而强烈,HA效价很高(5×213 ～5×215);而对“A”型红细胞的凝集反应慢而弱,HA效价很低(5×21)。据此认为,除“A”型红细胞外,其它3 种血型的红细胞均可用于兔出血症的实验室诊断。     

高剂量铜对昆明小鼠生长和血细胞数的影响

将50只30日龄健康昆明小鼠随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组共5组,每组10只,雌雄各半,分笼饲养。对照组、试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组每天分别按硫酸铜0、20、50、100 mg/kg体重灌胃1次,试验Ⅳ组按100 mg/kg体重灌胃的同时饮用500 mg/L VC溶液,其余各组自由饮用蒸馏水。分别在试验开始及第7、14、21和28天称重,尾静脉采血测定血常规指标。试验结果显示,整个试验期间,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组的体重、红细胞数量、血红蛋白含量和白细胞数量均无显著差异(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组在试验第28天时红细胞数量显著降低(P<0.05),白细胞数量显著增加(P<0.05),体重和血红蛋白含量均无显著差异(P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组在试验第28天小鼠体重和红细胞数量均极显著降低(P<0.01),血红蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.05),白细胞数量无显著变化(P>0.05)。与试验Ⅲ组相比,试验Ⅳ组第21和28天的小鼠体重显著增加(P<0.05),但红细胞数量、血红蛋白含量和白细胞含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。研究结果表明,高剂量铜能显著抑制小鼠的生长,降低血液中红细胞、白细胞数量及血红蛋白含量。VC对高铜引起的体重下降有部分逆转作用,对高铜引起的红细胞数量、血红蛋白含量和白细胞数量均无显著影响。     

复方除臭剂对仔猪生长性能及舍内氨气的影响

为了验证一种新型复方除臭剂对仔猪生长性能及舍内氨气浓度的影响,研究选取体重40kg左右的健康长大二元断奶仔猪480头,随机分为A、B、C 3个处理,分别饲喂基础日粮、添加枯草芽孢杆菌制剂和新型复方除臭剂的试验日粮。每个处理一栋猪舍,每栋猪舍16栏,每栏10头猪,畜舍条件及通风管理一致。每日测定舍内5个监测点在6∶00、10∶00、14∶00和18∶00的氨气浓度,取平均值作为日平均氨气浓度,分别绘制不同处理在试验期的日平均氨气浓度变化图。选定不同处理对应位置的3栏猪作为3个重复,测定生长性能。结果表明:(1)在15d试验期内,复方除臭剂对畜舍氨气的平均除臭率为33%,最高除臭率可达61%;(2)日平均氨气浓度与日平均温度存在二次曲线关系,回归方程为Y=-0.638X2+0.02X+6.249(P0.05);(3)除臭剂组的平均日采食量较空白对照组提高了0.02kg/d(P0.05)。试验表明,新型复方除臭剂对畜舍氨气具有良好的除臭作用,其除臭能力优于枯草芽孢杆菌制剂。     

禽类红细胞免疫功能与疾病研究进展

红细胞(RBC)表面含有许多免疫相关物质,如Ⅰ型补体受体(CR-1)、Ⅲ型补体受体(CR-3)、淋巴细胞功能相关抗原-3(LFA-3)、人类补体膜辅助因子蛋白(MCP)、衰变加速因子(DAF)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等,这些免疫相关物质不仅使RBC具有识别、存储、递呈抗原、清除免疫复合物(IC)、促进吞噬细胞的吞噬功能等作用,而且自身还具备完整的自我调控系统,广泛参与机体内的各种免疫反应,是机体免疫系统的重要组成部分。RBC这种参与机体免疫调控的功能使RBC在许多疾病的发生、发展过程中发挥重要作用,近年来国内外学者对RBC免疫功能的研究逐渐成为热点。     

泻痢康对鸡红细胞免疫功能的影响

采用 E- 3b R花环试验 ,E- IC花环试验对饲喂 0 .5 %泻痢康 2 0 d的实验鸡和对照鸡的红细胞的免疫功能进行检测。结果发现 ,试验组和对照组鸡红细胞 C3b R致敏酵母花环率分别为 ( 4 .91± 1 .85 )与 ( 4 .31± 0 .6 4 ) ;试验组和对照组鸡红细胞未致敏酵母花环率分别为 ( 1 6 .5 0± 4.5 6 )与 ( 7.2 6± 2 .6 1 )。试验结果表明使用泻痢康饲喂鸡 ,不仅可有效地减少鸡下痢 ,而且可使鸡红细胞 C3b受体花环率增高 ,增强红细胞的免疫功能。     

Usefulness of Venous Blood in Estimating Acid-Base Status of the Seriously III Dog

The usefulness of venous blood in determining the acid-base status of seriously ill animals has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a useful relationship exists between the acid-base parameters of central venous and arterial blood in ill dogs.
Paired arterial and venous blood samples were obtained from 46 dogs seen in the Critical Care Unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Colorado State University irregardless of their hemodynamic status. Cardiopulmonary arrest patients were not included in the study.
Results of this study indicate venous blood samples can be used in the assessment of acid-base status. Statistical significance was seen in comparing arterial versus venous pH (P < 0.001), PCO2 (P < 0.001), and bicarbonate (P < 0.001). Linear regression equations will allow one to predict arterial values from venous samples.     

鸡血细胞药物代谢模型的建立与应用

试验旨在建立鸡血细胞药物代谢模型,并用利巴韦林进行验证。本试验比较了3种不同培养基（L-15、M199和RPMI1640培养基）及添加不同浓度胎牛血清的细胞培养效果,采用MTT法测细胞活力,确定最佳给药时间,之后用利巴韦林进行给药,检测培养液中利巴韦林及其代谢物（TCONH₂和RTCOOH）含量。结果发现,3种培养基中用L-15培养基培养时细胞存活率最高,胎牛血清添加浓度为10%时血细胞状态较好;血细胞活力检测表明其最佳给药时间为培养3 h;利巴韦林给药后,其含量随着时间的延长而降低,TCONH₂和RTCOOH在给药0.5 h时迅速产生,给药3 h后其浓度变化趋于平缓。综上所述,本试验建立的鸡血细胞代谢模型操作简便,用添加10%胎牛血清的L-15培养基培养效果较好,利巴韦林给药试验表明,鸡血细胞存在一定的代谢转化功能,该鸡血细胞代谢模型可用于某些药物的体外代谢研究。     

The Establishment and Application of Metabolic Model of Blood Cells in Chicken

The experiment was aimed to establish a drug metabolic model of the blood cells in chicken. The effects of three kinds of culture medium (L-15,M199 and RPMI1640) and different concentrations of fetal bovine serum (FBS) were compared to optimize the culture condition of blood cells,and the proper time of medication was determined after the cell vitality was measured by MTT assay. The content of ribavirin and its metabolites (TCONH₂ and RTCOOH) were detected after the ribavirin was dosed. The results showed that the cell viability was highest when the blood cells cultured in L-15 medium,the state of blood cells was better when 10% FBS was added to the medium. The best time for medication was when blood cells were cultured for 3 h. The content of ribavirin was decreased with the time of administration,the metabolites of ribavirin were increased quickly after half an hour, it changed slowly after 3 h. In conclusion,the metabolic model of blood cells in chicken was successfully established,and the blood cells cultured in vitro were better using L-15 medium supplemented with 10% FBS. The metabolic transformation function of blood cells in chicken was indicated by the medication test of ribavirin and it could be used to study the drug metabolism in vitro.     

不同垫料管理装置对养殖垫料发酵及鸡舍内氨气浓度的影响

为解决中小型养鸡场存在的粪污影响鸡只健康和污染环境问题,考查了经2种不同可移动式发酵床垫料翻耙装置处理后的垫料发酵温度及垫料理化性质的差异,并研究了2种不同装置的应用对鸡舍内氨气浓度的影响。结果显示：在连续20 d的观察期内,经装置DP2016180处理的发酵床温度在每天的6:00、14:00、19：00均极显著（P<0.01）高于经装置DC2016180处理的发酵床温度;经2种不同垫料装置处理后的垫料总氮、总钾、总磷、pH值、C∶N均无显著性差异（P>0.05）;应用装置DC2016180和DP2016180进行垫料处理的鸡舍,二者的氨气浓度在第6、8、10、12、16、18、20、22、24 h有极显著差异（P<0.01）,在第14 h有显著差异（P<0.05）,在第2、4 h无显著性差异（P>0.05）。研究结果可为提高养殖垫料管理装置的科学应用水平提供技术支持。     

Effect of Manually Preheparinized Syringes on Packed Cell Volume and Total Solids in Blood Samples Collected from American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)

The hemodilution effect of manually preheparinized syringes was determined by evaluating the packed cell volume (PCV) and total solids (TS) from blood samples collected from 50 American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). A volume of 0.2 mL of blood was drawn into 3 syringes of 1 mL: control with no heparin sodium, heparin sodium drawn to 0.1 mL and then expelled, and heparin sodium drawn to 0.2 mL and then expelled. PCV and TS values were determined from each syringe immediately after collection. Mean PCV and TS values were compared between the control and heparin groups using linear mixed modeling. The syringes coated with heparin resulted in a significantly lower mean PCV and TS values when compared with controls, with no significant difference between the heparin groups. This dilution effect was also found to be inconsistent and not accurate from one syringe to another. An adjunct method of obtaining 0.5 mL from already-collected blood samples into 1-mL syringes that were coated with heparin drawn to 0.2 mL and then expelled also showed a significant decrease in PCV and TS values when compared with the control samples, although to a lesser extent. As a result, it cannot be recommended to manually preheparinize syringes when collecting small volume of blood samples from American alligators because significant and unpredictable hemodilution is likely to occur.