大兴安岭盘中林场火烧迹地森林恢复的对策

“5、6”特大森林火灾发生后,解决火烧迹地森林恢复问题已成为当务之急,现据1937年大兴安岭林管局林业调查规划院完成的二类资源清查数据,就重度火烧迹地盘中林场的森林恢复问题剖析如下。一、火烧区概况盘中林场位于大兴安岭北坡,塔河县境内。全场过火面积90313公顷,占总面积的     

恢复大兴安岭北坡火烧地区森林的途径

一、火灾地区森林更新的自然及社会经济条件1、自然条件火烧地区位于伊勒呼里山北坡,约52°30′～53°30′N之间,为典型的大陆性气候。极端最低温度-52℃,极端最高温36℃,7月平均气温18°～20℃,年平均温度-4°～-6℃。稳定通过10℃的积温1500°～1750℃,无霜期80～100天。10月     

十八站火烧区森林植被的恢复

文章介绍了十八站火烧区的行政管辖和地理位置及地形地貌、气候气象、植被与土壤、野生动物和矿产资源,火烧区的现状,火烧区森林植被恢复的意义,火烧区森林植被恢复的依据。     

大兴安岭火烧迹地植被天然恢复效果的评价

通过对大兴安岭新林林业局宏图林场3个不同火烧恢复时期森林植被恢复的调查,以火烧迹地内生物多样性为研究对象,应用主成分分析方法,对各调查区恢复情况进行分析。研究结果表明：火烧迹地各层物种数随火烧后恢复时间的推移,乔木层与灌木层的变化不是很明显,而草本层变化较大,随着时间的推移物种数逐渐降低;各层的物种多样性随火后恢复时间的推移先增加后减少,之后逐渐处于平稳;各层的物种均匀度随火后恢复时间的推移也是先增加后下降,之后逐渐处于平稳,其中波动变化最大的是灌木层,说明火干扰对灌木层空间分布影响较大。     

大兴安岭北坡火烧迹地更新的策略与技术

国家对大兴安岭北坡火烧迹地的更新予以极大重视,组织中外专家进行了现场考察,并制定了全面恢复计划。为了提高该区火烧迹地人工更新成效,我们基于2年来的现场情况,就人工更新策略与若干技术问题陈述如下,敬请多方教正。一、人工更新策略 1、因地制宜的确定更新技术指标     

基于EVI的大兴安岭火烧迹地植被恢复特征研究

[目的]选取Landsat数据源,基于dNBR和EVI指数开展火烧迹地识别和植被恢复特征研究.[方法]以1987年大兴安岭北部林区根河林业局金林林场森林火灾为研究背景,在地类划分的基础上,以dN-BR为基础数据,采用K-means方法识别并提取火烧迹地,并进行轻、中、重火烈度等级划分;基于火烧迹地的EVI(增强型植被指...     

大兴安岭特大火灾后火烧迹地恢复的研究进展

1987年大兴安岭特大森林火灾烧毁了大面积珍贵的寒温带针叶林,形成了许多不同火烧强度、不同火面积的火烧迹地。从火烧对地表植被和土壤的影响、火烧迹地自然恢复状况、火后不同管理措施对火烧迹地恢复的影响三个方面,阐述了大火对生态系统的影响,对比分析了自然演替和人工管理措施下火烧迹地恢复的差异,并指出火烧迹地恢复的影响因子、火烧迹地恢复模式和技术将是今后火生态学研究的重点方向。     

火烧迹地更新与恢复研究进展

火是森林生态系统中重要的干扰因子, 它对森林植被的演替与恢复均有重要的影响。火后植被的更新与恢复过程一直以来是火后植被恢复过程研究的一个热点。文中简述了火烧迹地更新与恢复的研究历史, 当前的研究内容及发展方向。     

大兴安岭火烧区森林恢复的研究

大兴安岭火烧区森林恢复的研究宋玉福，杨立强（黑龙江省第三林业调查观划设计院）（黑龙江省苇河林业局）马广辉，蒋志军，周永泉，胡文利（牡丹江市林业局）（黑龙江省北安市林业局）（黑龙江省韩家园林业局）大兴安岭林区经过１９８７年“５·６”大火之后，森林资源和...     

Factorial analysis on forest canopy density restoration in the burned area of northern Great Xing＇an Mountains, China

The restoration of forest landscape has drawn much attention since the catastrophic fire took place on the northern slope of Great Xing‘an Mountains in 1987. Forest canopy density, which has close relation to forest productivity, was selected as a key factor to find how much the forest quality was changed 13 years after fire, and how fire severity, regeneration way and terrain factors influenced the restoration of forest canopy density, based on forest inventory data in China, and using Kendall Bivariate Correlation Analysis, and Distances Correlation Analysis. The results showed that fire severity which was inversely correlated with forest canopy density grade was an initial factor among all that selected. Regeneration way which did not remarkably affect forest canopy density restoration in short period, may shorten the cycle of forest succession and promote the forest productivity of conophorium in the future, Among the three terrain factors, the effect of slope was the strongest, the position on slope was the second and the aspect was the last.     

Discussions on forest recovery in the burned area in Daxing’anling forest region

The disastrous fire occurred in northern area of Daxing’anling forest region on May 6, 1987, destroyed a large area of forests. The broad-leaved tree species, such as poplar, birch had regenerated in a great quantity after the fire, but the coniferous species such as larch and scotch pine had difficult to regenerate naturally, This paper put forward that the coniferous forest could be recovered by the planting method of effect strip and effect islet based on the principle of borderline effects and by making full use of the condition of broad-leaved trees.     

林火迹地森林恢复研究进展

森林火灾后如何恢复被破坏的森林是人们面临的一个非常重要的问题。本文回顾了国内外火烧迹地森林恢复的研究概况,从种群、群落、生态及景观四个尺度上概括了该领域研究的主要方法;总结了在森林恢复的研究方面采用的地理信息系统和遥感等先进技术和方法,并探讨了林火迹地森林植被恢复的对策及发展趋势。参38。     

The effect of forest fire on streamflow in Daxing’an Mountains

Based on the data obtained by single watershed experiment, the changes in streamflow by forest fire had been studied. The results showed the most forest fire in Daxing’an Mountains in 1987 resulted in the increase of annual runoff in the initial stage, snowmelt runoff reduced in May. The relationship between precipitation and streamflow was closed. The changes in streamflow relied more on the precipitation.     

洞庭湖区防浪林林分林冠结构的研究

对洞庭湖区河洲、滩地上的不同林龄的旱柳、杨树防浪林、芦苇林进行了标准地调查,选取标准株(地),对其茎杆、枝条、叶片的空间分布进行了测定,通过对其差异进行比较分析,旨在间接测定不同防浪林的防浪效益的差异。     

Short-term effects of forest restoration management on non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixation in western Montana

Forest restoration treatments involving selection harvest and prescribed fire have been applied throughout the Rocky Mountain West with only a limited understanding of how these treatments influence plant community composition and soil processes. Forest restoration treatments, especially those involving fire, have the potential to reduce N capital on site. Unfortunately there has been only limited effort to investigate the effects of forest restoration treatments on forest ecosystem N inputs, especially free living N-fixation in soil and woody residues. Recent studies have highlighted the potential for decaying woody roots to serve as hot spots for N-fixation. The fire and fire surrogates (FFS) study site at Lubrecht Experimental Forest in Western Montana provided a unique opportunity to investigate the effect of restoration treatments on N-fixation. We set out to examine how prescribed fire, selection harvest, and a combination of both influence free living N-fixing bacteria that colonize decomposing woody roots, mineral soil, and soil crusts. Soil, root, and soil crust samples were collected from replicated treatment plots in August 2005 and soil samples were recollected in May 2006 just following snowmelt. Acetylene reduction assays were run on all samples, and extractable inorganic N and potentially mineralizable N (PMN) were measured in mineral soil. While restoration treatments caused an increase in dead roots associated with stumps and fire killed trees, N-fixation rates were nearly non-existent in these root systems. Nitrogen-fixation rates were not significantly influenced by treatments in decomposing woody roots or in mineral soil, but were slightly greater (P < 0.10) in soil crusts when the control stand was compared to treated plots. Nitrogen-fixation rates were also greater in mineral soil than in roots. Soil collected in August exhibited greater rates of N-fixation than soil collected in May which we attributed to higher moisture and an increase in available N following spring thaw. Average rates of free living N-fixation across the treatment plots at Lubrecht were low (0.26 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹), but over time we estimate that these sources, along with the sparse population of symbiotic N-fixing plants and wet N deposition, would replenish soil N lost through fire or harvesting in approximately 40–100 years.     

关于中国吉林省林业建设的思考

This paper reviews various forestry practices in Jilin Province, China. The authors emphasize the rich natural diversity of Jilin and the need to focus research efforts on understanding the potential of native species to meet the needs of land-management agencies involved in forest resource exploitation and ecological restoration. The native species of China hold great potential, and deserve more research attention, for meeting these needs. The introduction and testing of exotic species should be dbne only under rigorous scientific testing and after comparison with native species prior to operational introduction into forestry in order to avoid unwanted ecological consequences, including potential problems with alien invasives and pest introductions. The authors also emphasize the need to maintain viable （e.g., genetically diverse and reproductively fit） natural populations of native species in order to protect China＇s valuable natural diversity and maintain the potential of native species to function as future seed sources for local forest and ecological restoration activities.     

大兴安岭北坡火后紫貂冬季生境恢复研究

由自然和人为原因引起的生境丧失与生境破碎化已严重影响到野生动物的生存。大兴安岭北坡是国家一级保护动物紫貂(Marteszibellina)的主要分布区,1987年发生在这里的特大森林火灾造成了森林景观的严重破碎化,紫貂的生存面临极大的威胁。本文的研究目的是为了确定火灾13年后,紫貂冬季生境的恢复程度。首先根据紫貂对冬季生境的喜好选取对其生存影响较大的生态因子,结合数字化林相图,利用地理信息系统软件ArcGIS编制火烧前后的生境适宜性类型图。然后选取相关的景观格局指标,对火灾烧前后的生境格局进行对比分析。结果显示:尽管火后采取了一系列的森林恢复措施,但紫貂冬季适宜生境仍有大幅度减少,特别是中等适宜生境类型减少最为明显。适宜生境破碎化加剧,隔离度增加。适宜生境斑块的形状趋于简单,软边界比重有所增加。以上结果表明,与火前相比,紫貂生境明显恶化,需要较长的时间恢复。图4表5参41。     

Post-fire habitat restoration of sables during winter season in northern slope of the Great Xing＇an Mountains

Habitat loss and fragmentation have been associated with the decline of endangered species. In 1987, a catastrophic fire in the northern Great Hing＇an Mountains of China, where the main habitat of sables （Martes zibellina） is located, aggravated the loss and fragmentation of the forest landscape. Due to restricted distribution and low population density, sables were listed in the national first-grade protected species in China. The objective of this paper was to identify to what extent the habitat of sables had been restored 13 years after the fire. Based on the behavioral data, which came from field survey information by radio-tracking, GPS （Global Positioning System） and forest inventory data, suitability habitat maps were derived using the Ecological Niche Suitability Model （ENSM）. In addition, the habitat structure was analyzed with selected landscape indices. Although forest cover mostly had been restored by 2000, the results indicated that, compared to the pre-fire situation, the areas of suitable habitat had been reduced significantly, especially those of less suitable, marginally suitable and moderately suitable designation. Fragmentation was aggravated, and suitable patches were found to be further isolated with the exception of those in most suitable areas. The ratio of the patch perimeter to area in unsuitable, moderately suitable and suitable areas decreased, while the ratios within other suitability types increased. Moreover, the percentage of soft boundaries decreased slightly, which can influence the redistribution of sables. The results above indicated that the suitable habitat had deteriorated, and the restoration of the sables＇ habitat remained to be done.     

内蒙古大兴安岭北部原始林区森林火灾应急资源储备与调度研究

【目的】为更好地开展原始林区森林灭火工作,保护内蒙古大兴安岭北部原始林区森林生态资源。【方法】对内蒙古大兴安岭重点国有林管理局下辖的22个林业局,3个自然保护区的应急资源储备情况进行了整理,同时对北部原始林区森林火灾发生的时间规律和空间规律分别进行了分析,在此基础上采用ArcGIS软件,对内蒙古大兴安岭重点国有林管理局森林火灾应急资源的空间分布状况与内蒙古大兴安岭北部原始林区近5年森林火灾发生的空间分布状况进行了叠加分析,依据叠加分析的结果对内蒙古大兴安岭重点国有林管理局森林火灾应急资源空间分布的合理性进行了评判。【结果】叠加分析结果显示,目前内蒙古大兴安岭北部原始林区周边林业局森林火灾应急资源空间配置存在区域集聚以及北部原始林区附近应急资源配置不足等不合理问题。在对内蒙古大兴安岭重点国有林管理局森林火灾应急资源储备情况整理分析的基础上,创新性地提出了以应急物流系统所需时间最少和费用最小为目标进行优化的森林火灾应急资源分配模型。【结论】最后通过实例证明,该模型可以优化森林火灾应急物流系统中资源配置体系,为应急资源的合理调配提供了指导,对于实现科学决策指挥,保护北部原始林区森林生态资源具有一定的现实意义。